Nā ʻōkuhi o ka Tegretol cr no ka hoʻohana, contraindications, nā hopena ʻaoʻao, nā loiloi

Nā palapala helu o ka hoʻokuʻu:

• ka ʻaila: keʻokeʻo, viscous, ke ʻano ʻākau caramel (i loko o nā ipu aniani o loko o 100 ml, 1 mauʻahe i loko o ka pūlima pepa me ka piha i ka wai meake)
• papa: pāpaʻi, keʻokeʻo, me ka facet, 200 mg kēlā me kēia - kahi e kū ana ai, e hōʻailona ana ma kekahi ʻaoʻao - CG, ma kekahi - G / K, pilikia i ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, 400 mg - ʻano like-rod, hōʻailona ma kekahi ʻaoʻao - LR / LR , ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe - CG / CG, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i nā hanana (10 pcs. in blisters, 3 a 5 mau blisters ma kahi pahu pahu).

Aia pū ka pahu pahu pahu i nā kauoha no ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Tegretol.

Kūkulu 5 ml syrup:

• mea waiwai: carbamazepine - 100 mg,
• ʻO nā mea kōkua: macrogol stearate - 100 mg, kaila caramel - 50 mg, cellulose hydroxyethyl (hyetellose) - 500 mg, sodium saccharinate - 40 mg, sorbitol wai - 25 000 mg, propylene glycol - 2,5 mg, Avicel RC 581 (microcrystalline cellulose + sodium carmellose) - 1000 mg, methyl paraben (methyl parahydroxybenzoate) - 120 mg, acid sorbic - 100 mg, propyl paraben (propyl parahydroxybenzoate) - 30 mg, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai i ka nui o ka nui.

Helu 1 papa:

• mea waiwai: carbamazepine - 200 a i 400 mg,
• ʻO nā mea kōkua (200/400 mg): magnesium stearate - 3/6 mg, sodium carmellose - 10/20 mg, cellulose microcrystalline - 65/130 mg, colloidal silicon dioxide - 2/4 mg.

Hoʻokuʻu i ka palapala Tegretol tsr, kāla lāʻau a me ka hoʻopili.

ʻO nā papa i hoʻihoʻi ʻia, paʻa i loko o ke aniani-ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, he oval, he biconvex, me kahi kakā ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau, hōʻailona ʻia "HC" ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, a me "CG" ma kekahi.

1 kōpō
carbamazepine
200 mg

Nā mea hoʻihoʻi: nā cellulose microcrystalline, sodium carmellose, polyacrylate dispersion 30% (Eudragit E 30 D), kaila hoʻōla aʻōlohelohe, talc, colloidal silicon dioxide anhydrous, magnesium stearate.

ʻO ka hui pūʻana o ka ʻupena: hypromellose, talc, titanium dioxide, ka hinu kipi (macrogol glycerylincinoleate), ka hao ka oxide, ka wili o ka oxide yellow.

10 kamepiula - nā kāmele (5) - nā kāʻei o ke kāleka.

Hoʻoulu ʻia nā papa pālono, brown-orange-coated, oval, me ka biconvex iki, me kahi noʻoki ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ENE / ENE" ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, "CG / CG" ma kēlā me kēia.

1 kōpō
carbamazepine
400 mg

Nā mea hoʻihoʻi: nā cellulose microcrystalline, sodium carmellose, polyacrylate dispersion 30% (Eudragit E 30 D), kaila hoʻōla aʻōlohelohe, talc, colloidal silicon dioxide anhydrous, magnesium stearate.

ʻO ka hui pūʻana o ka ʻupena: hypromellose, talc, titanium dioxide, ka hinu kipi (macrogol glycerylincinoleate), ka hao ka oxide, ka wili o ka oxide yellow.

10 kamepiula - blisters (3) - nā ʻeke pepa.

KAHANA NUI O NA KANANUI UIKI.
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike a pau no ka familiarization wale nō me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio i ke kauka e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻohana.

Kūmole hana ʻoihana

ʻO ka lāʻau antiepileptic i hele mai i ka iminostilbene tricyclic. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ia e pili pū ana ka hopena anticonvulsant me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hiki o nā neurons e mālama i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke hana hou ʻia ma o ka hana sodium. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka paleʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka neurotransmitter e ke kāohi ʻana i nā kanika sodium presynaptic a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hana e hana ai, ʻo ia hoʻi e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻoili ʻana o synaptic, he mea nui ia.

Loaʻa ia ia nā hopena antimaniacal, antipsychotic hopena, a me kahi hopena analgesic no ka hōʻeha o ka neurogen. ʻO GABA ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia, me ka pili i nā kahawai calcium, e pili ana i nā lawelawe o ka hana, a ʻo ka hopena o ka carbamazepine ma nā ʻano o nā modulator neurotransmitter e like me he mea nui.

ʻO ka hopena antidiuretic o ka carbamazepine e pili ana me ka hopena hypothalamic ma osmoreceptors, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana o ADH, a pili pū kekahi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi i nā tubula renal.

ʻO ka Pharmacokinetics o ka lāʻau.

Ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka waha, ua hoʻopau like ʻia ka carbamazepine mai ka ʻōpala ʻana. ʻO ka pilina ʻana i ka protein plasma he 75%. He mea hoʻonāukiuki ia i nā aʻalima a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kona ake ponoʻī.

ʻO T1 / 2 he mau hola 12-29. Hoʻopau ʻia ka 70% i ka urine (ma ke ʻano o nā metabolite ʻaʻole paʻa) a me 30% - me nā feces.

Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana:

ʻO Epilepsy: nui, kīwaha, kāwili ʻia (me ka nui a me ka nui kumu hoʻokele) epileptic. ʻO ka maʻi ʻeha e loaʻa mai i ka neʻe ʻana mai ka neurogen, me ka pono neuralgia trigeminal, trigeminal neuralgia i loko o ka lehulehu sclerosis, pono glossopharyngeal neuralgia. ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana me ka maʻi haʻalele hauwa. ʻO nā psychoses kūpono a me nā skizoaffective (me ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana). ʻO ka neuropathy Diabetic me ka ʻeha. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi indipidus o ke kumu waena, polyuria a me polydipsia o ke ʻano neurohormonal.

ʻO ka dosis a me ke ala o ka hoʻokele lāʻau.

E hoʻonohonoho hoʻokahi. I ka wā e lawe kolohe ai no nā pākeke a me nā ʻōpio he 15 a ʻoi aku ka makahiki, ʻo ka hopena mua loa he 100-400 mg. Inā kūpono, a noʻonoʻo i ka hopena lapaʻau, hoʻonui ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o 200 mg / lā me kahi manawa o 1 pule. ʻO ka holo pinepine o ka hoʻokele he 1-4 mau manawa / lā. ʻO ka dosis mālama mālama maʻamau ʻo 600-1200 mg / lā i kekahi mau koina. Ma muli o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hōʻike, ka pono o ka mālama ʻana, ka pane a ka mea maʻi i ka lāʻau.

I nā keiki ma lalo o ka 6 mau makahiki, ʻo 10-20 mg / kg / lā e hoʻohana ʻia ana i ka mahele i 2-3 mau ʻāpana, inā pono a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ahonui, hoʻonui ʻia ka pāʻai e ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mg / lā me kahi manawa o 1 hebedoma, ʻo ka nui o ka mālama mālama ʻia 250 -350 mg / lā a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i 400 mg / lā. ʻO nā keiki i hala 6-12 mau makahiki - 100 mg 2 mau lā / lā i ka lā mua, laila hoʻonui ʻia ka nui e 100 mg / lā me kahi 1 mau pule. a hiki i ka hopena kūpono loa, ʻo ka maʻi mālama ma ka maʻamau ʻo 400-800 mg / lā.

Nā kuʻuna nui loa: i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai i nā waha, nā pākeke a me nā ʻōpio 15 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku - 1.2 g / lā, nā keiki - 1 g / lā.

Nā hopena hopena o ka tegretol tsr:

Mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka pūnaehana nīkini waena a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoneʻe peripheral: pinepine - dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, hiki ke kaumaha, ka diplopia, ka noho hoʻomaha ʻana, ʻokoʻa - ʻonanekōkō o ka neʻe ʻana, nā nystagmus, i kekahi mau hihia - nā pilikia oculomotor, dysarthria, peripheral neuritis, paresthesia, ʻōpū hōʻeha, ʻehaʻelima. paresis, halapaa, hopohopo, luhi, hoʻoweliweli, ʻūhā, ʻike ʻole ʻia, hoʻonui i ka psychosis, ʻeha hoʻomaʻamaʻa, conjunctivitis, tinnitus, hyperacusis.

Mai ka pūnaehana hana ʻana: nausea, hoʻonui ʻia GGT, nui ka hana o ka phosphatase alkaline, luaʻi, waha maloʻo, ʻuʻuku - hoʻonui i ka hana o ka transaminases, jaundice, hepatitis cholestatic, ʻeha a i ʻole constipation, i kekahi mau hihia - hoʻemi i ka momona, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, glossitis, stomatitis.

Mai ka pūnaehana cardiovascular: loaʻa - pilikia ʻole ka haunaele myocardial, i kekahi mau hihia - bradycardia, arrhythmias, AV blockade me ka syncope, nānaka, ka hewa puʻuwai, nā hōʻike o ka poʻina coronary, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism.

Mai ka papa hemopoietic: leukopenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, jarang - leukocytosis, i kekahi mau hihia - agranulocytosis, anemia aplastic, erythrocytic aplasia, megaloblastic anemia, reticulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, granulomatous hepatitis.

Mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka hana o ka metabolism: hyponatremia, mālama ka wai, edema, loaʻa ka nui, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka osmolality plasma, i kekahi mau hihia - i ka porphyria intermittent aʻai, nāʻaila kūmole huakalula, hoʻonui i ka cholesterol a me ka triglycerides.

Mai ka pūnaehana endocrine: gynecomastia a galactorrhea, ʻaʻole pilikia - thyroid dysfunction.

Mai ka ʻōnaehana urinary: jarang - hana ʻole nā ​​māla o ka hana, interstitial nephritis a me ka pana ʻole ʻole.

Mai ka papa hana hanu: ma kekahi mau hihia - dyspnea, pneumonitis a pneumonia paha.

He maʻi kūloko: ke ana o ka ʻili, kaʻeha, līpeke - lymphadenopathy, maʻi, ka hepatosplenomegaly, arthralgia.

Hoʻohana i ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation.

Inā pono, e hoʻohana i ka wā o ka wā ʻo ka wahine hāpai (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka trimester mua) a i ka wā lactation e noʻonoʻo pono i nā pōmaikaʻi o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka makuahine a me ka pilikia i ka wahine hāpai a i ʻole ke keiki. I kēia hihia, ʻōlelo ʻia ka carbamazepine e hoʻohana wale ʻia e like me ka monotherapy i nā lāʻau koʻikoʻi liʻiliʻi.

Manaʻo nā wahine o ka hānau keiki ʻana i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me ka carbamazepine e hoʻohana i nā contraceptives non-hormonal.

ʻO nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī no ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Tegretol tsr.

ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Carbamazepine no ka lawe pōkole epileptic liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka lehulehu, lawe ʻana i ka make myoclonic aicic poiki epileptic. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana pono e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻeha maʻamau, ʻo ia kahi prophylactic i ka manawa lōʻihi o ke kala ʻana i nā neuralgia trigeminal.

Hoʻohana ia me ka mālama pono i nā maʻi concomitant o ka maʻi cardiovascular, paʻa i ke kino ikaika a me / a hana paha i ka hana ʻana, ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, i hoʻonui ʻia ke kaila intraocular, me ka mōʻaukala o ka hematological kūlia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻauʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, hyponatremia, noho hoʻomau i ka urinary, a me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka antidepressants tricyclic. , me nā hōʻike ʻana o ka mōʻaukala o nā hōʻoki ʻana i ka mālama ʻana o ka lāʻau carbamazepine, me nā keiki a me nā maʻi maʻi.

Pono e hana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma lalo o ka nānā o kekahi kauka. Me ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana, pono e mālama i ke kiʻi o ke koko, ke kūlana hana o ke akeʻa a me nā ʻōpū, ke ʻike ʻana o nā electrolytes i ka plasma koko, a me kahi hoʻokolokolo ophthalmological. Hoʻomaopopo iki ka manawa o ka pae o ka carbamazepine i loko o ke kaila koko e nānā i ka pono a me ka palekana o ka mālama ʻana.

Ma kahi o 2 mau pule ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau caramazepine, pono ia e pani i ka mālama ʻana me ka MAO inhibitors.

I ka wā mālama o ka mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona.

Hoʻokomo i ka hiki ke lawe i nā kaʻa a kāohi i nā mīkini

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono e pale kekahi i ka hana ʻana i nā hana e hikiʻole ai ke koi nui ana, a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor.

Hoʻohui kūleʻa tsr me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ka poʻe pale o ka isoenzyme CYP3A4, hiki i ka nui o ke kaila o ka carbamazepine i loko o ke koko koko.

Me ka hana like o nā inducers o ka pūnaehana isoenzyme CYP3A4, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka metabolism o nā carbamazepine, e hoʻemi ana i kona kahe ʻana i ka plasma koko, a hoʻoemi i ka hopena therapeutic.

Me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o ka carbamazepine e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana o ka anticoagulants, ka waika folic.

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana me ka waika valproic, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka manaʻo o ka carbamazepine a me kahi hoʻēmi nui ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana o ka hoikama valproic i loko o ke koko koko. I ka manawa like, ʻoi ka ʻike o ka metabolama o ka carbamazepine, kāliaamaamaamaamaamaama, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia nā hopena ʻokoʻa - ʻike kūmaha ka ʻaoʻao. hōpuhi, hoʻopuka, nāwaliwali, nystagmus. Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ka pā pono valproic a me ka carbamazepine, hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hopena hepatotoxic (ʻike ʻia, ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻana o ka metabolito lua o ka waika valproic, he hopena hepatotoxic).

Me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana, hoʻemi ka valpromide i ka hana metabolism i loko o ke ake o ka carbamazepine a me kāna metabolite carbamazepine-epoxide ma muli o ke kaohi ʻana o ka hydroxase epoxide. ʻO ka metabolite i koho ʻia me ka hana anticonvulsant, akā me ka hoʻonui nui o ka neʻe plasma e hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i ka hopena oʻa.

Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana me ka verapamil, diltiazem, isoniazid, dextropropoxyphene, viloxazine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paha me ka cimetidine, acetazolamide, danazole, desipramine, nicotinamide (i nā pākeke, ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe), erythromycin, trole (me ka itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole), terfenadine, loratadine e hoʻonui i ka ʻai o ka carbamazepine i loko o ka mela koko me ka hopena o ka hopena o nā ʻāpana (dizziness, drowsiness, ataxi me, diplopia).

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana me ka hexamidine, ua nāwaliwali ka hopena anticonvulsant o ka carbamazepine, me ka hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide - hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻōkena sodium i loko o ke koko, me nā mea hoʻohālikelike hormonal - hiki iā ia ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ka hopena o nā contraceptives a me ke kūkulu ʻana o ke kaila acyclic.

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana me ka hormone thyroid, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā hormone thyroid, me ka clonazepam, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o nā clonazepam a hoʻēmi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka carbamazepine, me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o lithium, hiki i ka hoʻonui pū ʻana o nā hopena neurotoxic.

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana me ka primidone, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe iho nei i ka ʻike o ka mau ʻoama ma ka lāʻauama i loko o ke koko plasma. Aia kekahi mau manaʻo e hoʻonui paha ka primidone i ka hoʻoliʻi plasma o ka metabolite hoʻoikaika i ka pharmacologically - carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide.

Me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana me ka ritonavir, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hopena ʻaoʻao o ka carbamazepine, me ka sertraline, a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pae ʻana o ka sertraline, me ka theophylline, rifampicin, cisplatin, doxorubicin, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka manaʻo o ka carbamazepine i loko o ke koko he hiki, me ka tetracycline, hiki i nā hopena o ka carbamazepine.

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana me ka felbamate, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka manaʻo o ka carbamazepine i loko o ke kaila koko, akā hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i loko o ke kao o ka metabolite hoʻoikaika o ka mau ʻoama o ka carbamazepine-epoxide, aʻo ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka neʻe i loko o ka plasma o felbamate.

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana me ka phenytoin, phenobarbital, ke emi nei ka ʻike ʻana i ka carbamazepine i loko o ke koko koko. ʻO ka palupalu mutual o ka hana anticonvulsant hiki, a i nā hanana liʻiliʻi, ʻo kona hoʻoikaika.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

ʻO Tegretol kahi antepileptic a kahi derivative dibenzodiazepine. Hoʻopili i nā hopena antiepileptic, loaʻa ka lāʻau i ka psychotropic a me nā mea pono neurotropic.

Ma ke ʻano he antiepileptic aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka carbamazepine i ka mālama ʻana i ka focal (ʻāpana) maʻalahi a me nā mea waiwai epileptic epikeptic e kū nei me / me ka hoʻomohala lua, kuʻuna na ka waiwai tonika-clonic epiceptic, a me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana me kēia mau ʻano o ka mea hoʻolilo.

I ka wā e ho'āʻo ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua ʻike ʻia me ka tegretol monotherapy i nā poʻe maʻi me ka epilepsy (ʻoi loa inā hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana pediatric), ʻike ʻia ka hopena psychotropic o carbamazepine, ka mea, ma ke ʻano he hopena maikaʻi loa i nā hōʻailona o ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo, a me ka hōʻemi i ka hōʻeha a me ka huhū. . ^ E Ha yM. Wahi a kekahi mau haʻawina, ʻo ka hopena o Tegretol ma nā hōʻailona psychomotor a me ka hana cognitive ka mea i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka ʻopona a ke kānalua a hewa paha paha. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina ʻē aʻe i ka hopena maikaʻi o ka carbamazepine ma ka nānā ʻana, ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hiki ke aʻo.

Maʻa Tegretol ma ke ʻano he neurotropic mālamalama i loko o nā hua o ka maʻi neʻe.I ka hōʻike kūikawā, kōkua ia i ka pale ʻana i ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā hōʻehaʻeha o nā neuralgia idiopathic / Second trigeminal. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka carbamazepine e hōʻoiaʻiʻo e hōʻoluʻolu i ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka hōʻeha o ka neurogen ma nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka maloʻo ʻana o nā huaʻehā, post-traumatic paresthesia a me postherpetic neuralgia. I ka poʻe maʻi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻaka wai, ua hāʻawi ka hopena o ka carbamazepine i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paepae o ka mākaukau e hoʻokūkū (i kēia ʻano, e hōʻemi ʻia ana ia) a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka ʻike kino o nā hōkele a ka maʻi (ma ke ʻano o ka excitability, tremor, gait disorders). Mahalo i kāu maʻi Tegretol, nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi insipidus o ke kikowaena kumu i loaʻa ai ka emi ʻana o ka huehue a me ka makewai.

Ma ke kumuhana he psychotropic, hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o Tegretol i nā mea maʻi me nā maʻi pānaʻi, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana manic, no ka mālama pono ʻana o ka maʻi bipolar (manic-depressive) (e like me ka monotherapy a i hui pū me ka hoʻomākaukau lithium, antidepressants a antipsychotics), psychizoaffective a me manic psychoses (kahi i hoʻohana pū ʻia ai me nā antipsychotics), acute polymorphic schizophrenia (wikiwiki ka pīpeku wikiwiki).

Kuhi ʻia ka hana 'ana o ka Tegretol i ka blockade o nā kahe sodium volt-gated, ma muli o ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā membrane o nā neurons overexcited e hana nei, ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana o nā kikowaena serial of neurons a me kahi laʻa o ka hoʻokaʻa synaptic pulses.

ʻO ka hopena anticonvulsant o ka carbamazepine ma muli o ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā membrane neuronal a me kahi hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ana i ka huina o ka glutamate, kahi e hoʻoneʻe nei i ka hana o ka neʻe o ka huehue a me ka huina o ka neurotransmitter amino acidity, no ka mea ʻo ka glutamate ka mea hoʻoponopono nui, ʻaʻohe data e pili ana i ka hana o ka aspartate.

Hoʻonui ʻo Tegretol i ka kaila o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana sentral, a laila hoʻēmi i ka hopena o ka lawe pio epileptic. ʻO ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻia o ka pāhare, me ka loli ʻana o nā kao kalaka, ka mea i hoʻāla ʻia e ka nui membrane kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka hopena i ka hopena anticonvulsant o ka lāʻau. Hoʻopau ke Carbamazepine i nā loli o ka epileptic i hoʻololi ʻia a, ma muli o ke kumu, e hoʻonui ana i ka pilina o nā mea maʻi a kōkua i kā lākou hoʻoponopono hou ʻana.

Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo Tegretol ma ke ʻano he nui a me ka mea i hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe me ka hana anticonvulsant.

Nā Hoʻohui

He hypersensitivity o nā lāʻau lapaʻau - carbamazepine a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohana like ʻole (me ka lālani, tricyclic antidepressants) a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā iwi ʻokela hematopoiesis (anemia, leukopenia), ke ʻano "intermittent" porphyria (me ka mōʻaukala), AV blockade, hoʻomohala hoʻokele o ka ʻae o MAO inhibitors.

Me ka makaʻala. Hōʻea ka decompensated puʻu, hoʻohuihui hyponatremia (ADH hypersecretion syndrome, hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency), hoʻonaninani ka hopena (hoʻonaninani ʻia ka CNS, hoʻonui ʻia ka momonaamaama) a me ka pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka hematopoiesis, , ka hyperplasia prostatic, hoʻonui i ke koʻikoʻi intraocular.

Pehea e hoʻohana ai: dosis a me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana

I loko, e pili ʻole i ka papaʻaina me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka papa ʻaila (ʻo kahi ʻāpana āpau a ʻole hapa paha) e ale holoʻokoʻa piha, me ka ʻole o ka huki ʻana, me ka wai liʻiliʻi, 2 mau manawa i ka lā. I kekahi mau mea maʻi, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā papa retard, pono paha e hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka lāʻau.

Epilepia I nā hihia kahi e pono ai, pono e kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻauamaama me ka monotherapy. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻolālā ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o kēlā me kēia lā, kahi e hoʻonui mālie a hiki i ka hopena maikaʻi loa.

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka carbamazepine i kahi hana antiepileptic e hoʻomau e hana lohi, ʻoiai nā loli o nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻaʻole i loli a i ʻole, inā pono.

No nā poʻeʻelemakule, ʻo ka hapa mua he 100-200 mg o ka lāʻau lā he 1-2 mau lā i ka lā. A laila e hoʻonui mālie ka nui o ka hopena a hiki i ka hopena therapeutic kūpono loa (ʻo ka maʻamau 400 mg 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā, ʻoi loa ka 1.6-2 g / lā).

ʻO nā keiki mai 4 mau makahiki - ma kahi ma mua o ka 20-60 mg / lā, e hoʻonui mālie ana ma ka 20-60 mg i kēlā me kēia lā. I nā keiki i ʻoi aku o 4 mau makahiki - ma ke kaha mua o 100 mg / lā, e hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka nui o kēlā me kēia pule, i kēlā me kēia pule e 100 mg. Kākoʻo kākoʻo: 10-20 mg / kg i kēlā me kēia lā (i nā helu he hoʻokahi): no 4-5 mau makahiki - 200-400 mg (i 1-2 mau kala), 6-10 mau makahiki - 400-600 mg (i nā 2-3 mau doses. ), no 11-15 mau makahiki - 600-1000 mg (ma nā 2-3 kūhā.

Me ka neuralgia trigeminal, 200-400 mg / lā i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka lā mua, hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka nui ʻole o ka 200 mg / lā a hiki ke oki ka ʻeha (ma ka palena 400-800 mg / lā), a laila hoʻēmi ʻia i ka hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa. Ma ka ʻeha o ka hōʻeha o ka neʻe ʻana mai ka hana neho, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka nui o ka hopena ma mua o 100 mg 2 mau manawa i ka lā ma ka lā mua, a laila e hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano ma mua o 200 mg / lā, inā pono, hoʻonui ʻia e 100 mg kēlā me kēia mau hola 12 a hiki i ka hoʻomaha ʻana o ke kaumaha. ʻO ka dosis mālama mālama he 200-1200 mg / lā i kekahi mau koina.

I ka mālamaʻana i nā mea maʻi a me nā poʻe maʻi me ka hypersensitivity, ʻo ka hoʻomaka mua lāʻau he 100 mg 2 mau manawa i ka lā.

ʻO ka maʻi hōʻemi hōʻeuʻeu o ka wai: ka awelika o ka awelika - 200 mg 3 mau manawa i ka lā, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, i ka wā o nā lā mua, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka hopena i 400 mg 3 mau manawa i ka lā. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana no nā maʻi hoʻoneʻe koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ia e kuhikuhi i ka hui pū me nā lāʻau lapaʻau sedative-hypnotic (clomethiazole, chlordiazepoxide).

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi insipidus: ʻo ka awelika o ka awelika he 200 mg 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā. I nā keiki, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ke ʻano e like me ka makahiki a me ke kaumaha o ke keiki.

ʻO ka neuropathy Diabetic, hele pū me ka ʻeha: ʻo ka nui ma ka awelika he 200 mg 2-4 mau manawa i ka lā.

I ka pale ʻana o ka hoʻomaha ʻana o nā maʻi a me nā skizoaffective psychoses - 600 mg / lā ma 3-4 mau inapo.

I nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me kahi pilikia (bipolar), i kēlā me kēia lā he 400-1600 mg. ʻO ka awelika o kēlā me kēia lā he 400-600 mg (ma nā 2-3 mau kakana). Ma kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, me ka mālama mau ʻana i nā maʻi i hoʻopilikia ʻia - e hele iki (e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ahonui).

Nā hopena hopena

I ka loiloi ʻana i ka ʻike pinepine ʻana o nā ʻano ʻino, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kekelē e pili ana i kēia: mau pinepine - 10% a ʻoi pinepine ʻia, pinepine pinepine ʻia ka 1-10%, i kekahi manawa 0.1-1%, loaʻa pinepine iā 0.01-0.1%, loaʻa pinepine ʻole ʻo,01%.

ʻO ka hana mau i ke kuhi piliʻole he mau nalo i loko o kekahi mau lā, ʻelua a kūwaho hoʻi a ma hope o ka hoʻemi iki ʻana i ka hopena o ka lāʻau. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hopena ʻino loa mai ka pūnao o ka nūnaehana ma muli o ka hanana overdose o ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka nui o ke ʻano i loko o ke ʻano o ka mea paʻa ma ka plasma. I ia mau pilikia, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e nānā i ka ʻike ʻana o nā lāʻau i ka pulu.

Mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka pūnaehana nūhou: mau pinepine - dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, asthenia, pinepine - ʻiwi, paresis o ka noho ʻana, i kekahi manawa - he mau ʻano e hele ʻole ana (maʻamau, ʻano nui, "fluttering" tremor - asterixis, dystonia, tics), nystagmus, jarang - orofacial dyskinesia , nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka oculomotor, nā māka ʻōlelo (e.g. dysarthria), nā maʻi choreoathetoid, peripheral neuritis, paresthesias, myasthenia gravis a me nā hōʻailona paresis. ʻO ka hana o ka carbamazepine ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻokō a kōkua paha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi antipsychotic malignant, ʻoi loa ka mea i kuhikuhi pū ʻia me nā antipsychotics, e noho mau ʻole.

Mai ka papa noʻonoʻo: loaʻa ʻole - ka maʻi hoʻokele (ʻike a auditory), ke kaumaha, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka makemake, ka hopohopo, ke ʻano kūwaho, ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū, ʻeha loa - hoʻōla i ka psychosis.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka maʻi e pili i nā mea o ka lāʻau: pinepine i ka urticaria, i kekahi manawa erythroderma, ʻehaʻeha ʻo ka lupus like like me ka hōʻeha o ka ʻili, ʻoi loa ka exudative erythema multiforme (e komo pū ana i ka maʻi Stevens-Johnson), nā necrolysis epidermal huʻala (Lyell syndrome), photosensitivity.

Kekahi, ʻano hāmeʻa lohi-ʻano pāʻālua ʻia me ke kuni, ka ʻili o ka ʻili, vasculitis (me ka erythema nodosum e hōʻike ana i ka vasculitis ʻula), lymphadenopathy, nā hōʻailona e like me ka lymphoma, arthralgia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, nā akaalohilohi erythema a he hōʻailona no ka vasculitis) loaʻa i nā hui like ʻole). Nā hui ʻē aʻe (e.g. baga, ʻōpū, pancreas, myocardium, colon) pili pū kekahi. Kēia luhi loa - nā meningitis aseptic me ka myoclonus a me ka eosinophilia peripheral, ka hopena anaphylactoid, angioedema, pneumonitis allergic a i ʻole poseonia eosinophilic. Inā hele mai nā hopena kūlohelohe o luna, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hoʻohana o ka lāʻau.

Hematopoietic o nā hanana: pinepine loa - leukopenia, pinepine - thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, jarang - leukocytosis, lymphadenopathy, kakī ka waikawa folic, aneane loa - agranulocytosis, anemia aplastic, aplasia erythrocytic maoli, megaloblastic anemia, hoʻonaninika kūlohelohe. anemia

Mai ka papa hana ʻana: pinepine pinepine - kaila, ka luaʻi, pinepine - ka mālo maloʻo, i kekahi manawa - ʻo ka maʻi a i ʻole ka constipation, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ʻeha loa - glossitis, stomatitis, pancreatitis.

Ma ka ʻāpana o ka ate: ka manawa pinepine - ka nui o ka hana o GGT (ma muli o ka hoʻoili ʻana o kēia enzyme i loko o ka ate), ʻaʻole ia he mea nui loa, he pinepine - ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana o ka phosphatase alkaline, i kekahi manawa - he hoʻonui i ka hana o "transaminases", hema - hepatitis o cholestatic, parenchymal (hepatocellular) a i ʻole ʻano hui, jaundice, luhi loa - granulomatous hepatitis, nāwaliwali kōpaʻa.

Mai i ka CCC: luhi - nā pilikia hōʻeha o ka puʻuwai, hōʻemi a hoʻonui paha i ke kahe koko, ʻokoʻa loa - bradycardia, arrhythmias, AV poloka me nā kūlana palupalu, hāʻule, hōʻemi a hoʻomohala paha i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai, hōʻoluʻolu o ka maʻi naʻau coronary (e komo pū ana a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka angina). ʻO ka maʻi thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic syndrome.

Mai ka ʻōnaehana endocrine a me ka metabolism: pinepine - edema, kaohi ʻana o ka wai, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paona, hyponatremia (hoʻoliʻi ka osmolarity plasma ma muli o kahi hopena e like me ADH, a i nā hihia koʻikoʻi ke alakaʻi i ka dilon hyponatremia, i hele pū me ka lethargy, ka luaʻi, ʻeha, hōʻeha. a me nā pilikia neʻe), ākea loa - hyperprolactinemia (hiki pū me galactorrhea a me ka gynecomastia), kahi hōʻemi i ka ʻike o L-thyroxine (free T4, T4, T3) a me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ke kaomi o TSH (maʻamau ʻaʻole hele pū ʻia. nā hōʻike o ke kulekele), ka hopena o ka calcium-phosphorus metabolism ma ka ʻōpū o ka iwi (a hōʻemi i ka plasma Ca2 + a me 25-OH-colecalciferol): osteomalacia, hypercholesterolemia (me ka HDL cholesterol) a me hypertriglyceridemia.

Mai ka pūnaehana genitourinary: loa loa - neʻone interstitial nephritis, renal gagal, impalired renal function (e.g. albuminuria, hematuria, oliguria, hoʻonui urea / azotemia), hoʻonui urination, urinary retention, emi potency.

Mai ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal: loa loa - arthralgia, myalgia a i ʻole nā ​​mākau.

Mai nā papa kuʻuna: paʻakikī loa - nā pilikia i ka ʻono, ke uhi ʻana o ka manamana, conjunctivitis, nā hewa hoʻomaikaʻi, a me nā hua tinnitus, hyperacusis, hypoacusia, hoʻololi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pitch.

ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe: nā pilikia o ka pigmentation o ke kino, purpura, 'ōnui, hoʻonui nui, alopecia. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hihia keu o ka hirsutism, akā ʻaʻole i maopopo ka pilina kumu o kēia hoʻopiʻi me ka caramazepine. Nā hōʻailona: maʻamau e hōʻike i nā pilikia o ke kaila o ke kikowaena, CVS, a me ka papa huhū.

Mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka pūnaehana neʻe waena a me nā ʻōpū sensory - hoʻoweliweli o ka ʻōnaehana ma waena o ka uka, disorient, drowsiness, agitation, hallucinations, nāwaliwali, coma, nā kuʻuna lele, "fog" ma mua o nā maka), dysarthria, nystagmus, ataxia, dyskinesia, hyperreflexia (ma mua), hyporeflexia (ma mua) ), nā mea hoʻopiʻi, nā maʻi psychomotor, myoclonus, hypothermia, mydriasis).

Mai CCC: tachycardia, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko, i kekahi manawa i hoʻonui ʻia ke koko, pilikia i ka lawe ʻana i ka intraventricular me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka paʻakikī QRS, hopu lima.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōnaehana hanu: ka naʻau hanu, ke edema pulmonary.

Mai ka papa hana o ka hanu: nalo a me ka wailua, kaohi ʻana i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka meaʻai mai ka ʻōpū, hoʻemi ʻia ka neʻe o ka pua.

Mai ka urinary system: mālama i ka urinary, oliguria a i ʻole anuria, mālama i ka wai, hoʻoneʻe hyponatremia.

Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona: leukocytosis a leukopenia, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia a me glucosuria, he hoʻonui i ka hapa o ka naʻau o KFK.

Hoʻolālā: ʻaʻohe lāʻau antidote kikoʻī. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana lapaʻau ma ke ʻano maʻi o ka mea maʻi, ka hipa, ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ke kaila o ka carbamazepine i loko o ka plasma (e hōʻoia i ka makeʻe ʻana me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a nānā i ke ʻano o ka overdose), lavage gastric, ke kau ʻana o ka ulia i hoʻāla ʻia (ka hala mua o ka maʻi o ka ʻōpū ma ke ʻano hemo ʻana o 2 a 3 mau lā a reapply) ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻohālikelike i ka wā o ka hoʻihoʻi).

ʻO ka pakanā ikaika, hemodialysis, a me nā dialy peritoneal he maikaʻi ʻole (hōʻike ʻia ka dialysis me ka hui pū ʻana o nā meaʻawaʻawa a me nā pilikia ʻole. Pono paha nā keiki ʻōpio i ke kahe koko. ʻO ke kākoʻo kākoʻo Symptomatic i ka waihona mālama mālama kino, ka nānā ʻana o nā hana naʻau, ke kūloko o ke kino, reflexes corneal, ʻeha a me ka hana o ka pale, hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka electrolyte. Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koko: ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kūlana me ka poʻo o ke poʻo, ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka plasma, me ka hana ʻole - iv dopamine a i ʻole dobutamine, me ka piʻoloke o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai - ua wae ʻia ka maʻi kū hoʻokahi, me nā manaʻo paʻa - ke kau ʻana o nā benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam), me ka makaʻala (ma muli o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka minamina. ʻālaʻi) ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā anticonvulsants o kekahi (no ka laʻana, phenobarbital). Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka dilon hyponatremia (inu wai i ka wai) - keʻakeʻa i ka hoʻowalī ʻana o ka wai a me ka hoʻōla hoʻolele i ka intravenous 0.9% kūleʻa NaCl (hiki ke pale aku i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka edema cerebral). Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka Hemosorption ma nā sorbents carbon.

E hoʻokuʻu i nā palapala a me ka ʻano

Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano o nā papa pani. Aia nā papa i kahi bordvex oval.

Loaʻa nā papa ʻelua 200 mg i nā kālena a me nā ʻāpana he 50 mau ʻāpana. I loko o kahi pūʻulu o nā 5 mau mauʻaoʻao he 10.

Loaʻa nā papa 400 mg i loko o nā paʻi o 30 mau ʻāpana. Ma loko o nā pūpū 3 mau palaka he 10 mau ʻāpana.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī

Hoʻomaka ka Monotherapy o ka epilepsy i ke koho ʻana i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻonui ʻia iā lākou e hoʻokō i ka hopena therapeutic makemake.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻoholo i ke kao ʻana i loko o ka plasma e koho ai i ka momona kūpono, ʻoi aku hoʻi me ka hui pū ʻana.

Ke hoʻoneʻe nei i ka mea maʻi i ka carbamazepine, pono ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka nui o ka lāʻau antiepileptic i hōʻike mua ʻia a hiki ke hoʻopau ʻē ʻia.

Hiki i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka lāʻau ke hoʻowalewale i ka lawe pōkole epileptic. Inā pono e hoʻokuʻi koke i ka hoʻōla, pono e hoʻoneʻe i ka mea maʻi i nā lāʻau antiepileptic ʻē aʻe ma lalo o ka uhi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā mau hihia (no ka laʻana, ka lawelawe ʻana ʻo diazepam i ka intravenously a pololei hoʻi, i ka lawelawe ʻana o ka phenytoin iv).

Nui nā hanana i ka hoʻomau, ke nānā ʻana a me / a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mea ʻai, nā koi a me / a i ʻole ka hanu i ka hānau hou ʻana i lawe mai nā makuahine i ka carbamazepine e hui pū me nā anticonvulsants ʻē aʻe (ʻo kēia mau mana e hōʻike i ka "haʻalele" i ka maʻi hou i ka poʻe hānau hou).

Ma mua o ka koho ʻana i ka carbamazepine a i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono ke aʻo ʻana i ka hana o ka ate, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā poʻe maʻi e loaʻa nei i ka mōʻaukala o ka puʻupaʻa, a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. I ka mea o ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā pehu ʻōpū o nā maʻi a i ka wā e kū mai ai ka maʻi hōʻola ikaika, pono e hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia ka lāʻau. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mālama ʻana, pono nō hoʻi e hana i ke aʻo ʻana i ke kiʻi o ke koko (me ka helu o ke platelet, ka helu reticulocyte), ke ʻano serum Fe, urinalysis, ka urea ʻaʻai koko, EEG, hoʻoholo paʻa o ke ʻano serum electrolyte (a me ka wā maʻamau i ka wā mālama, no ka mea. hiki i ka uluʻana o ka hyponatremia). Ma hope iho, pono e nānāʻia kēia mau hōʻailona i ka malama mua o ka mālama ʻana i ka hebedoma, a laila ʻo ka mahina.

Pono loa e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka Carbamazepine inā kūleʻa a i ʻole nā ​​hopena a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi i manaʻo ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi Stevens-Johnson a i ʻole ka mākaʻi o Lyell. ʻO ka hoʻonaninani a nā ʻili kino (neʻe iki ʻia a maculopapular exanthema paha) e nalowale i loko o kekahi mau lā a i ʻole hebedoma paha, me ka hoʻomau ʻia ʻana o ka mālama ʻia a ma hope paha o ka hōʻemi ʻana (e ʻike pono ʻia ka mea maʻi e ke kauka i kēia manawa).

ʻO ka Carbamazepine kahi hana anticholinergic nāwaliwali, i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā mea maʻi me ka piʻi o ka intraocular koʻikoʻi, pono kāna mālama paʻa ʻana.

ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā psychoses e hele mai nei e pono, e noʻonoʻo pono, a i nā mea maʻi ma nā ʻōpio, ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka hilahila a i ʻole ala.

I kēia manawa, aia nā hōʻike kūʻokoʻa o ka male male male poepoe a me / a i ʻole nā ​​mea nānā spermatogenesis (ʻaʻole i hoʻokū ʻia ka pilina o kēia mau hōʻeha me nā carbamazepine).

Aia nā hōʻike o ke koko i waena o nā kāne ma waena o ke kāne neʻe i nā hihia i hana ʻia ai nā contraceptive waha i ka manawa like. Hiki i ka Carbamazepine ke hoʻopilikia i ka hilinaʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau waha, no laila, pono nā wahine o nā makahiki o ka hānau ʻana ke ʻano o nā ala hou o ka pale ʻana i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana.

Hoʻohana wale ʻia ʻo Carbamazepine ma lalo o ka mākaʻikaʻi maʻi.

Pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka poʻe maʻi e pili ana i nā hōʻailona o nā mea i hiki ke loaʻa i ka abnormalities hematologic, a me nā hōʻailona nō hoʻi mai ka ʻili a me ka ate. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka mea maʻi e pili ana i ka pono e nīnau koke i ke kauka inā he mauʻano kūpono ʻole e like me ka maʻi, ka ʻehaʻeha, ka ʻūhā, ka ʻōpala o ka mucosa waha, ke kumu o ka palu, ka ʻūhā ʻana i ka petechiae a i ʻole purpura.

I ka hapa nui, ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa palaki a mau paha i ka pelela a me / a i ʻole e helu sela koko kaila ʻaʻole he harbinger o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka anemia aplastic a i agranulocytosis. Eia nō naʻe, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻōla, a me ka manawa i ka wā mālama ʻia, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hōʻike koko lapaʻau, me ka helu ʻana i ka helu o nā platelets a i ʻole reticulocytes, me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o Fe ma ka serum koko.

ʻAʻole pono ka holomua asymptomatic leukopenia o ka haʻalele ʻana, eia naʻe, pono ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano inā loaʻa ka leukopenia holomua a leukopenia holomua, i hele pū ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi o kahi maʻi maʻi.

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, e noʻonoʻo ʻia e hoʻokō i kahi hoʻokolokolo ophthalmological, me ka nānā ʻana o ka waihona kālā me ka kukui o ke aena a me ke ana paha o ka paʻu intraocular inā pono. I ka hihia o ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea maʻi me ka piʻi ʻana o ka intraocular hoʻonui, e koi ʻia ka kiaʻi mau ʻana i kēia hōʻailona.

A ʻoi ʻia e haʻalele i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ethanol.

Hiki i ka lāʻau i ke kiʻi lōʻihi ke kiʻi i hoʻokahi manawa, i ka pō. Pono ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai i ka wā e hoʻololi ai i nā papa ʻōiwi he ʻokoʻa loa ia.

ʻOiai ka pilina ma waena o ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia ka ʻimi a me ka hoʻomau ʻana a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana he mea liʻiliʻi loa naʻe, akā naʻe, ka hopena maʻamau o ka neʻe ʻana o ka carbamazepine e pono no e hana i kēia mau hanana: me ka nui o ka piʻi o ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻouka, no ka hōʻoia ʻana inā ke lawe maikaʻi nei ka mea maʻi. i ka wā hāpai, i ka mālamaʻana i nā keiki a i nā wā'ōpiopio, me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i ka malabsorption o ka lāʻau, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano maʻi ʻona inā ke lawe nei ka mea maʻi. mau ai '.

I nā wahine o ka wā hānau, pono ke hoʻohana ʻia ka carbamazepine i ka monotherapy i ka manawa hiki (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palena maʻa mau ka palena) - ʻo ka nui o nā anomalies congenital i loko o nā pēpē i hānau ʻia i nā wahine i hana ʻia ka antiepileptic hui ʻia ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka poʻe i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ka monotherapy.

Ke kū ʻia ka wā hānau (i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i ke koho ʻana iā carbamazepine i ka wā hāpai), pono e hoʻohālikelike pono i nā mea e pono ai o ka hāpai ʻana a me nā hōʻeha kūpono, ʻoi aʻe hoʻi i nā 3 mau mahina o ka hānau ʻana. Ua ʻike ʻia na keiki hānau i nā makuahine me ka epilepsy i predisposed no ka maʻi ulu kino intrauterine, komo i ka malformations. Hiki i nā Carbamazepine, e like me nā lāʻau āpau antiepileptic, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o kēia mau pilikia. Aia nā hōʻike kūʻokoʻa i nā hihia o nā maʻi a me nā malformations, e komo me ka pani ʻole ʻana o nā araka vertebral (spina bifida). Pono e hāʻawi ʻia nā mea maʻi me ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻonui aʻe i ka hopena o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana a me ka hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i ka maʻi antenatal.

Hoʻonui ka lāʻau antiepileptic i ka nele o ka folic acid, i ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka wā hāpai, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o nā hānau hānau hānau ʻana i nā keiki (ma mua a i ka wā hāpai, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka supplementation folic acid). I mea e pale ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kahe i nā mea hānau hou, ua ʻōlelo ʻia i nā wahine i nā hebedoma hope o ka wā hāpai, me nā pēpē hou, e hāʻawi ʻia i ka vitamina K1.

Hōʻalo ka Carbamazepine i ka waiū umauma; ʻo nā pono a me nā hopena pono ʻole a hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena o ka umauma pono e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻomau ʻia o ka lāʻau. Hiki i nā makuahine e lawe ana i ka carbamazepine e hiki i ka hōʻuluʻulu i kā lākou mau pēpē, i hoʻolako ʻia ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka pēpē no ka hiki ke hoʻopalulu hou ʻia (ʻoi aku ka hoʻohālikelike, ke kaumaha nui, a me ke ʻano loea.

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia i ka wā e alakaʻi ana i nā kaʻa a komo i nā hana ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor.

Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana

i kahi pōkole 10 pcs., i loko o kahi ʻeke pahu 5 (200 mg i kēlā me kēia) a i ʻole 3 blisters (400 mg i kēlā me kēia).

ʻLoe a me ke kākele

I loko i ka manawa a ma hope o ka ʻai, a i ʻole ma waena o nā mea ʻai, me ka wai liʻuna.

Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā papa pālono (kahi papa āpau a i ʻole hapa, inā i kauoha ʻia e ke kauka) pono e lawe ʻole ʻia.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ʻelua o ke ʻano o ka monotherapy, a ma ke ʻano he hui hoʻohui.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea ola mai nā papa o ka hana hoʻomanawanui a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua kuhikuhi ʻia lākou i ʻelua manawa i kahi lā.

Hāʻawi ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau Tegretol ® CR i ʻōlelo ʻia i 2 mau manawa i ka lā, e hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kauka ka maʻi lapaʻau e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo hōʻike.

Ka hoʻololi i kahi maʻi mai ka lawe ʻana i ka Tegretol ® ma ke ʻano o nā papa pākuʻu kolepa i ka lawe ʻana i ka Tegretol ® CR, nā papa hoʻokō i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.

Hōʻike ka maʻi lapaʻau i kekahi mau mea maʻi, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā papa o ka hoʻokuʻu i lōʻihi, pono paha e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka lāʻau.

Hāʻawi i nā hōʻiliʻili lāʻau a me nā pharmacokinetics o nā lāʻau antiepileptic, pono e koho ʻia nā mea maʻi ma mua me ka akahele.

Inā hiki, e hoʻoholo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka monotherapy.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau no ka hopu liʻiliʻi (petit mal, abscess) a me ka nānāʻana myoclonic.

Hoʻomaka ka hoʻolālā ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o kēlā me kēia lā, kahi e hoʻonui mālie a hiki i ka hopena maikaʻi loa.

No ka koho ʻana i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau, makemake ʻia e hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o ka mea hana i ka plasma koko.

Ke hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Tegretol ® CR i nā lāʻau lapaʻau antiepileptic i lawe ʻia, e hoʻonui iki ʻia ka nui o ka Tegretol ® CR. Inā kūpono, e hoʻokau i ka hoʻoponopono kūpono ʻana o nā lāʻau.

No nā pākeke, ʻo 100 ka mua o ka pahu o ka carbamazepine he 100-200 mg 1 a i ʻole 2 i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā. A laila hoʻonui mālie ia e hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hopena therapeutic maikaʻi loa, ʻo ka maʻamau ka loaʻa ia ma kahi maʻa o 400 mg 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā. Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hoʻonui i ka piʻi ma kēlā me kēia lā i 1600 a 2000 mg.

ʻO ka lāʻau Tegretol ® CR, pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā papa coated e hoʻohana pono ʻia i nā keiki ʻoi aku ʻo 4 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku. I nā keiki ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki o ka lā, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau Tegretol ® i ke ʻano o ka punetē ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palapala hoʻohālikelike paʻa o kēia ʻōpiopio. I loko o nā keiki i ʻoi aku o 4 mau makahiki, hiki ke hoʻomaka ke mālama ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i 100 mg / lā, e hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e 100 mg i kēlā me kēia pule.

Nā papa hana mālama no nā keiki i kau ʻia ma ka helu o 10-20 mg / kg / lā (i kekahi mau inika).

No nā keiki i piha iā 4-5 mau makahiki, ʻo ka lā helu o kēlā me kēia lā he 200-400 mg, 6-10 mau makahiki - 400-600 mg, 11-15 makahiki - 600-1000 mg.

Neuralgia Trigeminal

ʻO ka dosis mua he 200-400 mg / lā. E hoʻonui lohi ana a hiki i ka ʻeha ʻana o ka hōʻeha (ma mua - 200 mg 3-4 mau manawa i ka lā). A laila hoʻemi iki ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻoponopono i ka mālama liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka papa hoʻomaka ʻia i nā poʻe maʻi maʻi he 100 mg 2 mau manawa i ka lā.

Hōʻemi hōʻaila alkohol

ʻO ka awelika awelika he 200 mg 3 mau manawa i ka lā. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano i loko o nā lā mua (e like me ka laʻa, 400 mg 3 mau manawa i ka lā). I nā hōʻike hōʻike ikaika o ka hoʻohaʻawale ʻana i ka waiʻona, hoʻomaka ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hui pū ʻana me nā hopena e loaʻa ana i kahi hopena sedative a me hypnotic (no ka laʻana, clomethiazole, chlordiazepoxide). Ma hope o ka hoʻonā ʻana i ke ʻano ʻoʻehā, hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ka mālama ʻana me ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka monotherapy.

ʻO Polyuria a me polydipsia o ke ʻano neurohormonal ma ka diabetes insipidus o ke kumu kumu

ʻO ka awelika haʻahaʻa no nā pākeke he 200 mg 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā. I nā keiki, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ke ʻano e like me ka makahiki a me ke kaumaha o ke keiki.

ʻEha nā maʻi maʻi ma ka neuropathy diabetic

ʻO ka awelika awelika he 200 mg 2-4 mau manawa i ka lā.

Nā kūlana manic a me ke kōkua kākoʻo ʻana i nā pilikia o ka hoʻopili (bipolar)

ʻO 400 dosis o kēlā me kēia lā he 400-1600 mg. ʻO ka awelika o kēlā me kēia lā he 400-600 mg (ma nā 2-3 mau kakana). I kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi, pono e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka nui. Me ka mālama mālama ʻana no nā maʻi bipolar, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana, pono ka liʻiliʻi e hoʻonui ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā, e hoʻonui ʻia ka pākuʻi o kēlā me kēia lā.

Nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Tegretol (Ke ʻano a me ka helu ʻana)

ʻO nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Tegretol e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke lawe i nā papa i ka wā a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i ka manawa like me ka nui o nā wai. I epilepsyinā hiki, e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka monotherapy.

Hoʻomaka ka Therapy i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi laʻi liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia lā, a laila e hoʻonui lohi i ka pae kiʻekiʻe. I mea e koho ai i ka dosage kiʻekiʻe, pono ia e hoʻoholo ʻia nā manaʻo o ka mea hana i loko o ke koko.

Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka lāʻau antiepileptic i koho ʻia pono, pono e hana iki, a ʻaʻole pono nā loli o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ana.

ʻO ka lāʻau inamua no nā pākeke e 100-200 mg 1-2 mau manawa i ka lā. A laila e hoʻonui mālie ka nui o ka dosage a hiki i ka hopena therapeutic hopena, me kahi mea he hopena ua hoʻokō ʻia me 400 mg i kēlā me kēia lā. Pono paha kekahi mau maʻi e lawe i ka 1.6 g a i ʻole 2 mau lau o ka lāʻau i ka lā.

Pono nā keiki o 4 mau makahiki a me ke ʻōpio e hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana me 20-60 mg o ka lāʻau i ka lā a hoʻonui i ka dosage ma ka 20-60 mg i hoʻokahi lā.

I nā keiki ma mua o ka 4 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, ʻae ʻia ka hoʻomohala e hoʻomaka me ka 100 mg i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻomāhuahua ʻia ka dosis, ma ka 100 mg hoʻokahi i ka pule.

ʻO ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā dosages no nā keiki he 10-20 mg / kg i kēlā me kēia lā.

I ka wā mālama neuralgia trigeminal o ka inau mua he 200-400 mg i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻonui ia a hiki i ka hoʻomaha ʻana o ke kaumaha (200 mg i 4 mau manawa i ka lā), a laila e lohi iki i ka pae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa. ʻO ka paipai mua i hōʻike ʻia no nā ʻelemakule he 100 mg ʻelua mau manawa i ka palaualelo.

I huki waiʻona ʻO ka paona maʻamau ka 200 mg ʻekolu mau lā i ka lā. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, i nā lā mua, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui. I ka hōʻike nui ʻana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka waiʻona, hoʻomaka ka lāʻau me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hui pū ʻana me kagr nā lāʻau lapaʻau sedative-hypnotic. ^ E Ha yM. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana i ka hana palona, ​​hiki ke hana ʻia ka monotherapy Tegretol.

I insipidus maʻio ka awelika makua makua he 200 mg o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hiki i 3 mau lā i ka lā. I nā keiki, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui e like me ka makahiki a me ke kaumaha o ke keiki.

I ka mālamaʻana neuropathy maʻi maʻi me ka ʻeha o ka ʻeha, ʻo ka maʻi maʻamau ma ka maʻi he 200 mg a i ka ʻehā mau lā i ka lā.

I ʻōlelo pilikino ʻano ʻano paʻa a me ka hana mālama mālama ʻana i nā maʻi bipolar, i kēlā me kēia lā he 400-1600 mg. ʻO ka paona maʻamau no kēlā me kēia lā he 400-600 mg.

Ke keu

Nā hōʻailona o kahi overdose: ke kuikake, ke kaumaha o ka nūnū, ke hiamoe nei,nā mea hilahila, halihali,he ʻike hoʻopuka koma, hoʻēkohuslurred haʻi ʻōlelo ataxia, nystagmus, dyskinesia, hyporeflexia, hyperreflexia, hypothermia, convulsions, myoclonus, nā maʻi noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo puaa,ʻO ka edema pulmonaryʻeha hanu ʻana tachycardia, hipertension, arterial hypotension, hopu puʻe, hōʻalo, kiaʻi, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke alo wai, oliguria, kaohi o ka urinary, nohona anuria, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis,hoʻonui hoʻonui kiʻekiʻe nā mea kikocokinase.

Hoʻomaopopo overdose: hoʻokipa hānai, pae paʻa carbamazepinei ke koko e loiloi i ka hōʻeha o kahi overdose. Holoi i nā manaʻo o loko o ka ʻōpū, ke noi enterosorben, ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka nānā ʻana o ka puʻuwai, hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea hoʻonā electrolyte. Haka kikoʻī hoʻololi pū ʻia lawa ʻole.

Tegretol, nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana: ke ʻano a me ka helu ʻana

Lawe ʻia ʻia ʻo Tegretol. Holoi ʻia nā papa me ko liʻiliʻi wai. Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ka lāʻau e pili ana i nā mea ʻole o ka papaʻaina.

Malia paha e hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Tegretol e like me monotherapy a i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e lawe i ka pākī (5 ml - 1 pā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia - 100 mg) inā paʻakikī ka mea neʻe a i ʻole i nā hihia i mea pono ke koho pono ʻia. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka syrup, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka wa i lawe ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau ma nā ʻano papa o Tegretol.I mea e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano ʻino, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana me nā dosis liʻiliʻi, ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻia. Ma mua o ka hoʻohanaʻana, e lūlū i ka omoʻa me ka malona.

Inā hoʻokaʻawale ka mea maʻi i ka lawe ʻana i nā papa i ka palapala dosage no ka papa hoʻoneʻe, ʻaʻole i loli ʻia ka lā maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā, akā no ke neʻe ʻana i ka nui o ka pākahi hoʻokahi ae hoʻonui i ka nui o ka lawe ʻana iā Tegretol.

Pono e koho i ka regimen dosage no nā maʻi maʻi me ka mālama kūikawā.

Inā hiki, pono la e lawe ʻia kagretol e like me ka monotherapy.

I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke papa, ua kauʻia kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi e hoʻonui mālie ai.

I mea e koho ai i ka kūlohelohe kūpono loa, ʻoi ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka neʻe ʻana o ka plasma o ka mea ikaika i loko o ke koko (ma ka maʻamau maʻamau ʻo4,04-1012 mg / ml).

ʻO ka paila mua o Tegretol no nā pākeke a me nā keiki mai nā makahiki 16 he 100-200 mg 1-2 mau manawa i ka lā, ʻo ka nui awelika mau loa he 2-3 manawa i ka lā no 400 mg. I kekahi manawa pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā i 1600-2000 mg.

Neuralgia Trigeminal

ʻO ka wai lāʻau pākēneka o kēlā me kēia lā ʻo Tegretol he 200-400 mg, no nā poʻe maʻi maʻi - 200 mg (100 mg 2 mau manawa i ka lā). Ua hoʻonui pinepine ʻia a hiki i ka ʻeha ʻana o ka ʻeha, ʻo ka ʻōpū maʻamau ka 3-4 i ka lā, 200 mg kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻimi i kēlā me kēia lā he 1200 mg. Ma laila e kuhikuhi i ka hopena mālama mālama maikaʻi loa o Tegretol.

Inā hele aku ka ʻeha, hoʻopau koke ʻia ka lāʻau a hiki mai ka hōʻeha ʻana mai.

Hōʻemi hōʻaila alkohol

ʻO ka awelika o kēlā me kēia lā o Tegretol o 3 mau manawa i ka lā, 200 mg kēlā me kēia. I nā pilikia koʻikoʻi, hoʻonui ʻia nā lā mua (e like me, no ka 3 manawa i ka lā, 400 mg kēlā me kēia).

Hoʻohui paha e hoʻohana pū me nā lāʻau me nā hopena sedative a me hypnotic (no ka laʻana, me ka chlordiazepoxide, clomethiazole). Ma hope o ka hoʻonā ʻana o ke ʻano maʻi, hoʻomau ʻia ka lāʻau me Tegretol e like me ka monotherapy.

ʻO ka ʻaole o ka maʻi

Hiki i ke koi ʻana o ka lawe ʻana iā Tegretol ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kahiki epileptic, no laila e hoʻopau pono ʻia ka mālama ʻana no 6 mau mahina aʻe paha.

Inā pono, hoʻopau koke i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi me ka epilepsy, ke hoʻololi ʻana i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hana antiepileptic e pono e hana ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kēia mau hihia.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka tegretol i nā keiki

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui no ka hoʻohana o Tegretol i nā keiki he epilepsy.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā.

• a i nā makahiki 4: mai 20 a 60 mg, i kēlā me kēia lā kahi i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka nui ma ka 20-60 mg,
• mai 4 mau makahiki: 100 mg, a laila hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui ma 100 mg i hoʻokahi pule.

ʻO ka nui o nā keʻena mālama mālama ʻia ma ka awelika o 10-20 mg / kg i kēlā me kēia lā, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kekahi mau koena:

• a i ka makahiki 1: 100-200 mg (1-2 mauʻu o ka maleka),
• 1,5 mau makahiki: 200-400 mg (1-2 dona o ka papa ʻaina i ka 2 iniha),
• 6-10 mau makahiki: 400-600 mg (2 mau punetēpō o ka punetēpē i 2-3 mauʻu),
• 11-15 mau makahiki: 600-1-1000 mg (2-3 inika o ka papa ʻaina i ka 3 pākēneka; i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka 1000 mg, pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka maʻa o ka mākeke ma ka 5 ml).
• mai 15 mau makahiki: mai 800 a 1200 (i kahi mau hihia hou aʻe) mg.

ʻO ka nui loa o ka lā helu o Tegretol:

• a i nā makahiki 6: 35 mg / kg,
• 6-15 mau makahiki: 1000 mg,
• mai 15 mau makahiki: 1200 mg.

No ka mea, e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana iā Tegretol no nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe pono o nā keiki ka ʻike pono o ka ʻike hilinaʻi ʻia, e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau e like me ke kaumaha a me ke aʻelemakule o ke keiki, me ka ʻole e hala ma mua o nā hewa aʻe.