Pehea e hoʻohana ai iā Amoxiclav 312?

ʻO ka Powder no ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka waha, 156.25 mg / 5 ml a me 312.5 mg / 5 ml

5 ml a hoʻolei (1 ka nui o ka pipette) paʻa

mea waiwai: amoxicillin as amoxicillin trihydrate 125 mg, clavulanic acid as potassium clavulanate 31.25 mg (for dosage 156.25 mg / 5 ml) or amoxicillin as amoxicillin trihydrate 250 mg, clavulanic acid as potassium clavulanate 62.5 mg (for dosage 312.5 mg / 5 ml)

nā mea hoʻohālikelike: ka waikawa citric anhydrous, aniumdrous sodium citrate, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, anhydrous colloidal silikonide, silicon dioxide, Strawberry flaving (no ka kuʻu ʻana o ka 156.25 mg / 5 ml), ka ʻono o ka Wild Cherry (no ka dosage o 312.5 mg / 5 ml), sima benzoate, paʻakai sodium, mannitol.

ʻO ka paukū kristal mai ka keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka melemele.

ʻO ka pēpē i hoʻomākaukau ʻia he pēpē homogeneous mai ka keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo i ka melemele.

ʻO nā waiwai Pharmacological

Lapaʻau lāʻau

ʻO Amoxicillin a me clavulanic acid i hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi hopena wai i pH o ke kino. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā māhele ʻelua ma hope o ka lawelawe waha. E kūpono e lawe i ka amoxicillin / clavulanic acid i ka wā a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi pāʻina. Ma hope o ka lawelawe waha, ka bioavailability o amoxicillin a me clavulanic acid ma kahi o 70%. ʻO ka poʻokela o ka launa o ka lāʻau i loko o ke kaila o nā mea like ʻelua like. Loaʻa ka ʻike Serum serum i ka hola 1 ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano ʻo amoxicillin a me ka waila clavulanic i loko o ka serum koko i ka wā e lawe ai i ka hui pū ʻana o nā mākau hoʻāla a amoxicillin / clavulanic e like nō me ka mea i ʻike ʻia me kahi lawelawe hoʻokaʻawaʻawa o ka waha o ka hui kūlike ʻo amoxicillin a me ka clavulanic acid.

Ma kahi o 25% o ka nui o ka huina clavulanic a me 18% o ka amoxicillin e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā protein plasma. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻolaha no ka hoʻokolohua waha o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka 0.3-0.4 l / kg o ka amoxicillin a me 0.2 l / kg o ka waikawa clavulanic.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka intravenous, ua loaʻa nā amoxicillin a me ka waʻa clavulanic i loko o ka pā ʻana o ka gall, kahe o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻili, ka momona, ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū, ka synovial a me ka peritoneal wai, ka ʻōpū a me ka ihu. Amoxicillin i komo hewa i loko o ka wai o ka cerebrospinal.

ʻO Amoxicillin a me clavulanic acid e hoʻōla i ka paepae placental. Ua hoʻoili ʻia nā mea ʻelua i ka waiū umauma.

ʻO Amoxicillin i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka urine ma ke ʻano o ka waikawa penicillic inactive ma loko o nā huina o 10 - 25% o ka pākuʻi mua. Hoʻomomi ka huika Clavulanic i loko o ke kino a hoʻopiʻi ʻia i loko o ka pāʻai a me nā mea ʻai, a me ke ʻano o ka carbon dioxide me ka ea hanu.

ʻO ka hapalua hapalua hapalua o nā amoxicillin / clavulanic acid ka mea ma kahi o 1 hola, a ʻo ka nui awelika o ka welu he 25 l / h. Ma kahi o 60-70% o ka amoxicillin a me 40-65% o ka clavulanic acid e hoʻopiʻi ʻole i ka loli i ka urine i ka 6 mau hola mua ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i hoʻokahi lemona o nā papa waika amoxicillin / clavulanic. I loko o nā noiʻi like ʻole, ua loaʻa ka 50-85% o amoxicillin a me 27-60% o ka clavulanic acid e hoʻopio ʻia i loko o ka urine i loko o 24 mau hola. ʻO ka nui loa o ka waikawa clavulanic i hoʻopili ʻia i ka wā 2 mau hola ma hope o ka noi.

ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ka probenecid e hoʻolei ana i ka hoʻokuʻu o ka amoxicillin, akā ʻaʻole i pili kēia lāʻau i ka excretion o ka clavulanic acid ma o nā keiki.

ʻO ka hapalua o ka ola o ka amoxicillin e like me nā keiki i hala 3 mau makahiki a i 2 mau makahiki, i nā keiki a me nā pākeke. I ka hoʻonoho ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā keiki liʻiliʻi loa (me nā pēpē preterm) i nā hebedoma mua o ke ola, pono ʻole e lawelawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ʻelua mau manawa i ka lā, e pili pū ana me ka nui o ke ala o ka renal excretion ma nā keiki. Ma muli o ka ʻike pono ʻia o nā maʻi maʻi ʻōpala, pono ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka mālama pono ʻole i kēia pūʻulu o nā maʻi, akā inā pono, pono ke mālama ʻia ka hana o ka hana.

ʻO ka huina piha o ka amoxicillin / clavulanic acid i ka plasma e hoʻemi ana i ka kūlike pololei i ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hana ʻoi. ʻOi ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻopale amoxicillin e hōʻike hou ʻia i ka hoʻohālikelike clavulanic, no ka mea nui ka nui o ka amoxicillin e hoʻopili ʻia ma o nā keiki. No laila, i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea maʻi me ka pilikia ʻole, pono ke hoʻoponopono ʻia e pale ai i ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o nā amoxicillin a mālama i ka pae pono o ka waila clavulanic.

Ke koho ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea maʻi me ka nele o ka puʻuwai, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wā e koho ana i kahi pākala a mālama pono i nā hana o ka ate.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

ʻO Amoxicillin kahi antibiotic semi-synthetic mai ka hui penicillin (beta-lactam antibiotic) e kāohi ana i hoʻokahi mau mea hou aʻe (a i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo penicillin-nakinaki pū) ka mea i komo i ka biosynthesis o peptidoglycan, he mea nui ka hana hiʻona o ka paia o ka pa selia. Ke hōʻike nei i ka syntept peptidoglycan e alakaʻi i ka nāwaliwali o ka paia o ke kelepona, maʻamau ʻia e ka cell lysis a me ka make cell.

Ua luku ʻia ʻo Amoxicillin e ka beta-lactamases i kū ʻia e nā pōʻino kū kūpaʻa, a, no laila, ʻaʻole i komo ka sproxionil o nā hanaxicillin wale nō me ka hana ʻana i kēia mau enzymes.

ʻO Clavulanic waikawa he beta-lactam i hoʻopili pili me nā penicillins. Hoʻopili ia i kekahi mau beta-lactamases, ma laila e pale ai i ka hoʻopono ʻole o ka amoxicillin a hoʻonui i ka lawelawe o nā hana. Clavulanic acid ʻaʻole loa he hopena o ka maʻi antibacterial koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka manawa ma luna o ka manawa liʻiliʻi o ka pipili liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (T> IPC) i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea nui o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopenaxicillin.

ʻO nā papa hana kino ʻelua i kū kūʻē aku ai i ka amoxicillin a me nā waila clavulanic:

kaohi ʻana ma o bacterial beta-lactamases ʻaʻole i paʻa i ka acid clavulanic, me nā papa B, C a me D.

kahi loli i nā protein paʻa penicillin-binding, e hōʻemi ana i ka pilina o ka huakaʻi antibacterial i ka pathogen kiko.

ʻO ka hemahema o nā bakiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​hana paha o ka pump efflux (ʻōnaehana ʻoihana) ke kumu a hoʻomau i ka pale ʻana i nā kūmole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka bacteria-Negative.

ʻO nā palena palena o ka MIC no ka amoxicillin / clavulanic acid ka mea i hoʻoholo ʻia e ke Komite ʻEulopa no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka Antimicrobial Sensitivity (EUCAST).

E hoʻokuʻu i nā palapala a me ka ʻano

ʻO ke ʻano o ka pauku ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke ʻano keʻokeʻo kahi i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ke kaʻa ʻana. Hoʻohui pū kahi hui o 250 mg o ka amoxicillin trihydrate (a i ʻole 500 mg) a me 62 mg o ka clavulanic acid i ke ʻano o ka paʻakai pākiko (125 mg) e lilo i mau pūhui ikaika. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka palatability a hoʻoikaika i ka bioavailability, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea ikaika me kēia mau mea:

• colloidal dehydrated silica,
• Kai Kahiki Ulu
• benzoate, carboxycellulose a me ka sodium saccharin,
• mikuleka
• laulaja popula
• mannitol.

Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻāpana antimicrobial i mua o nā maʻi lēpa.

Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kīʻaha kīʻaha. Ke hoʻoiho nei i ka pauna me ka wai i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, loaʻa ke kīkī pau ʻole, ʻo ia ka hui homogeneous me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo a iʻa paha.

Ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau

Hoʻokomo ka antibiotic i ka bactericidal, ka mea e make ai i nā wahi pathogen o nā microorganisms. Kūkulu ʻia ka hana o ka hana i ka waiwai antimicrobial o amoxicillin, he pūuna semisynthetic mai ka hui penicillin. Hoʻopili ke kāpena Beta-lactam i ka hana o ka enzymatic o nā mea i kuleana no ka synthesis o peptidoglycan. Pono kēia ʻano kūpono no ka hoʻokaʻawale kino ʻana a hoʻoikaika i nā membrane o ka pathogen infectious. I ka wā i luku ʻia ai, neʻe ka ʻula ʻē aʻe i waho, a make ka cell bacteria i lalo o ke koena o ka osmotic pressure.

I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole like ka amoxicillin e kū'ē i nā uaua o nā microorganism e hua ana i nā beta-lactamases. Hoʻopau nā Enzyme i ka antibiotic semi-synthetic, no laila ua hoʻohui ʻia ka paʻakai pākuʻi clavulanic i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pale ai iā ia. Hoʻopili ia i ka hana o nā beta-lactamases, aʻo ka amoxicillin e hoʻolilo i ka make o nā huakini. Mahalo i kēia hui pū ʻana, ʻo ka antibacterial agent i loaʻa i ka pālahalaha ākea o ka hana.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ka hoʻōla ʻana ma ka waha, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻāpana ikaika ʻelua ma lalo o ka hana o ka esterases i loko o ka ʻāpana a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka paia o ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Ke komo lākou i ka kahe, hiki i ka semisynthetic penicillin a me beta-lactam a hiki i nā waiwai serum nui i loko o hoʻokahi hola. Hoʻopili ʻole nā ​​mea ʻelua i ka protein plasma. Me ka albumin, ʻo nā mea hana paʻakikī ka 18-20% wale nō o nā mea ikaika.

Ke komo lākou i ka kahe, hiki i ka semisynthetic penicillin a me beta-lactam a hiki i nā waiwai serum nui i loko o hoʻokahi hola.

Hanaʻo Amoxicillin i ka biotransformation ma ka hepatocytes i kahi haʻahaʻa loa i ka wa o ka clavulanic acid. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea ikaika ma ka pūpū ma o ka filomation glomerular i kāna ʻano kumu. Ke waiho nei i kahi nui o ka clavulanate i ke kino i ke ʻano o nā huahana metabolic me nā feces. ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana hapa-hapalua ke ola nei e pili ana i 60-90 mau minuke.

Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi o ke ʻano maʻi bakteria ma o ka ulu ʻana ʻole o ka ulu ʻana o nā microorganisms pathogenic:

• ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōpū hanu o luna a me nā mea pili o ENT: ke alo o ka pharyngeal, nā hana hoʻomālamalama o ka paranasal a me nā paranasal sinuses, otitis media, tonsillitis, sinusitis,
• nā maʻi paʻa o ka pūpū a me ka bronchi (pneumonia, bronchitis),
• hōʻeha o nā ʻeha hāwā, nā hōʻeha o nā iwi iwi (osteomyelitis), maʻi ʻana o nā kiko palupalu
• nā maʻi aʻe (alveolitis),
• hana ʻino i ka biliary tract a me ka lākole,
• nā maʻi gynecological a me nā maʻi moekolohe (gonorrhea a me ka chlamydia).

Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana ʻana e pale i nā hoʻopiʻi postoperative i hōʻike ʻia e ka hele ʻana o ka maʻi, a no ka mālama ʻana i ka huehue hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka ulu ʻana o ka staphylococcus.