ʻO ka ʻili ʻana i ka urine e Nechiporenko

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ka urine e like me ke ʻano Nechiporenko e hoʻohana i ka helu ʻana i nā mea kumu i loko o nā ōpū: nā keʻena koko keʻokeʻo, nā ʻāpana koko wili, nā cylinders.

ʻO ka maʻamau, me nā mikroscopy, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa: nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula 2x10 6 / l, nā keʻena koko keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka 4x10 6 / l

Nā Hōʻike: 1) hōʻike.

Nā pālua: ʻaʻoleʻa.

Mea lako: 1) kahi pahu kīpī disimpeka o 100 - 200 ml, me kahi pākuʻi; 2) huaʻōlelo no ka noiʻi ʻana no ka poʻe maʻi maʻi, a i ʻole kahi hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka 'ōpana, hale pule, ka inoa piha. hoʻomanawanui, type of study, date and signature of the nurse (for inpatients).

Hoʻoikaika algorithm:

1. I ka lā ma mua (i ke ahiahi) e hōʻike i ka mea maʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e hoʻopuka i kahi kuhikuhi a i ʻole ka pahu ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia me kahi mea kau lāʻau ma luna iho a aʻo i ke ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili i ka urine no ke aʻo ʻana:

I ke kakahiaka ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka urine, holoi i nā ʻōpū hele o waho

2. E hōʻiliʻili i ka mahele iki o ka mimi: mua, e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka mimi i loko o ka lua o ka wai, hoʻopaʻa i ka urination, a laila e hōʻiliʻili i ka 50-100 ml i ka urine i loko o kahi pahu a hoʻokuʻu i ke koena i loko o ka lua.

3. Waiho i loko o ka keʻena maʻemaʻe i kahi pahu kūikawā (ma ke kumu outpatient, e hāʻawi i ka urine i ka kikowaena).

4. I ka kahu hānai e hōʻoia pono i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea noiʻi no ka noiʻi ʻana a hiki i 8:00.

5. Kūkū i nā hopena noiʻi i loaʻa mai ke kikowaena i ka moʻolelo olakino (outpatient card).

Kākau:

1. Inā i pilikia nui ka mea maʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻomaha moe - holoi holoi i ka mea maʻi a hōʻiliʻili i ka urine no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hana ʻia e ke kahu.

2. Inā he maʻi maʻi maʻi ka mea maʻi i kēia manawa, a laila e hoʻohuli ʻia ka hoʻāʻo o ka urine i kekahi lā. I nā pilikia hōʻeha, lawe ʻia ka urine e ka catheter.

Hoʻomaka kūmau a me ka ʻili ʻana i ka ʻihi

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ʻO ka ʻili o ka hui ʻana e like me Nechiporenko: memo

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka pololei o kēia noi ʻana, inā e hoʻopili pololei ʻia, e kāhea ʻia. ʻO kēia ka mea e pono ai ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana ʻaʻole wale ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kahi hōʻike urine e like me Nechiporenko, akā he 1-2 mau lā ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.

Kūpono maoli nō kēia no nā hoʻokolokolo ʻōpiopio.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hana hoʻoikaika kino, nā loko moana, ʻaʻole i waiho ʻia kekahi overstrain. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia i nā haʻalulu haʻalulu ikaika. Pono ke kino o ka hana i ke ʻano mālie, me ka ʻole o nā hopena a me nā hoʻoweliweli.
• Hele like ka mea kūʻai. ʻO ka ʻai pā, kaumaha, ʻawaʻī kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia inā hiki. Pono pū ʻoe i nā huahana hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kala o ka urine. ʻAʻole pono nā keiki e hāʻawi i nā hua nani ia.
• I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e inu i ka wai nui. ʻO ke keiki a ka lā ma mua o ka loiloi e hōʻō ʻia ka wā maʻamau, akā i ka mākaukau.
• ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hana i kahi noiʻi ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana o ka pōpō. Ma hope o ka cystoscopy a i ʻole catheterization, kahi haʻahaʻa o 5 mau lā e hoʻohemo ai, ma hope hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i loko o kahi hoʻokolohua.
• ʻOi ka ʻili o ka hoʻonaninani no ka hoʻonaninani pono ʻole 1-2 ma mua, ma mua a ma hope koke o ka male ʻana. I kahi hihia koʻikoʻi, kaukaʻi nā kauka e hoʻokomo i kahi puʻu hygienic ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili i ka urine e like me Nechiporenko.
• Ma mua o ke kaʻina hana, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻole me ka hana pono ʻole. A i ʻole, e hōʻike ʻia ke kaila ʻana i kahi helu overestimated o nā keʻena koko keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona wahaheʻe o ke kuni ʻana i nā waʻa o ka renal, bladder a urethra paha.

ʻO ka algorithm kolamu o ka urine e like me Nechiporenko

E like me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe (me ka ʻokoʻa o ka hōʻiliʻili o kēlā me kēia lā), ke hōʻiliʻili nei ka ʻāpana o ka urine i ke kakahiaka, i kahi kūlana o ke koena o ka hana.

1. E holoi pono i ka ʻili e hōʻiliʻili i ka nānā ʻana a, inā pono, he lua no ka hele ʻana, a hoʻomoʻo iā lākou.
2. Holoi iā ʻoe iho me ka wai mahana (holoi i kāu pēpē).
3. E hoʻokuʻu i ka hapa mua o ka urine (ma kahi o 25 mililiter) i loko o ka pākaukau. E kāpīpī i kahi pahu i hoʻolei ʻia ma lalo o ka waena. No ka helu kikoʻī, lawa ka 25-50 milliliters o ka wai. Pono ʻoe e hoʻopau i ka urination i loko o ka loko, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ipu no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
4. E ninini lūlū i ka urine mai ka pahu pahu i loko o kahi pahu momona a i ʻole kahiʻaila ʻē aʻe.
5. E hoʻopili a hoʻopili paha iā ia i kahi ʻē aʻe i kahi kuhikuhi me ka inoa o ka mea maʻi.
6. I loko o nā hola 1,5-2, e hāʻawi i ke kaomi i ka haukapila.

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ia e hōʻiliʻili i kahi hoʻoili e like me Nechiporenko i kahi keiki liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kaikamahine. I ka hihia o ke keikikāne, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi kondom, ʻoiai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka urinal, kūpono ʻia no nā kikoʻī o ka loiloi. Inā ʻaʻole i hōʻemi ʻia i ka hapa waena i ka wanaʻao kakahiaka āpau, pono e aʻo ʻia ke kauka, e like me e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hana.

Pehea ke aʻo ʻana

• Ua hui ʻia ka wai a hōʻiliʻili ʻia
• Kūpili ʻia ʻo 10 ml i hoʻolei ʻia i loko o kahi hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike,
• Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pāla i ka centrifuge, ma muli o kahi hopena i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pulu.
• Hoʻopili ʻia ka palena luna, a hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka sediment i loko o kahi kōhaʻi kūikawā, kahi helu o ka nui o nā kōpela koko a me nā cylinders i loko o ka milliliter o ka wai mua ma hope ka helu ʻia.

E hōʻike i ka hopena

ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻokalakupua, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hopena me ka lula, ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana ʻaʻole wale nō ka nui wale nō, akā ke ʻano nō o ka leukocytes a me nā sela ʻulaʻula i loko o ka urine. No ka laʻana, me ka glomerulonephritis, ua nui ke kiko o nā ʻano ʻelua o ke kino, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke koena o nā ʻula ʻaila ʻulaʻula.

ʻO ke kumu o ka pae kiʻekiʻe (ma luna o ka pae o ka 1 mau unihua / ml) o nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula hiki ke hoʻowalewale i ka maʻi (glomerulonephritis), a me nā neoplasms i loko o nā aʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻeha o ka papa excretory. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano neʻelima huaʻā ʻia e ke ʻano o nā kahe koko ʻula: i hele a i ʻole hoʻololi ʻia.

ʻO ka heleʻana o nā ʻona koko ʻulaʻula paha ma muli o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka naʻau.

Kuhi ʻia ka mea cylinders e ke ʻano o nā paulima paʻakai, nā keʻena koko keʻokeʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e kū nei i ka waihona protein. Aia ʻelima mau ʻano puka, a ʻo kahi wale nō o ia mea i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole ia e haʻi i nā pathologies i kahi nui o 20 mau kikowaena / ml. Ke hōʻike nei i ke kaila hōʻike i ka pyelonephritis, hypertension a overdosis systematic o ka diuretics.

Hiki ke hōʻike i ka granular e hōʻike i ka make nui o ka maʻi, nā maʻi o ke ʻano a me ka maʻi bakela, ka ʻeha a me nā ala ʻē aʻe.

Ke kamaʻilio nei ka poʻe Waxy e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻamau o ka maʻi (renal failed) a i ʻole ka loli mua ʻana o kā lākou hana.

E hōʻike paha nā kōpona i ke koko i ka infarction keiki, nā mea hōʻeha o ka huʻu, nā glomerulonephritis, a i ʻole he hypertensive pilikia.

He hana algorithm Nurse.

1. E wehewehe i ka mea maʻi i ke kumu, ka holomua o ka manipulasi e hiki mai ana, e kiʻi i ka ʻae ʻole a ka mea maʻi e hana i ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana.

2. E aʻo i ka mea maʻi pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka pono kīkē,

3. No ka mālama ʻana i ka mea maʻi i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana i ka kuʻuna e pono ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka punapo.

4. E aʻo i ka mea maʻi i ke ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka urine no ka noiʻi:

Ma hope o ka kīʻaha kuhi, hoʻokaʻawale i ke kahe mua o ka urine i loko o ka loko i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻo "1", "2" a lohi i ka urination,

Holo i ka urine i loko o kahi pahu i ka nui o nā liʻiliʻi he 10 ml. a hooki i ka humuhumu

Hoʻopiʻi piha i ka lua

E pani i ka pahu me kahi uhi,

E ʻike pono ka mea maʻi i ka ʻikepili i loaʻa, hāʻawi i ka mea maʻi i kahi mea no ka hōʻiliʻili i ka urine,

Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka urine, hoʻopaʻa pono i nā lima i kahi kiʻekiʻe maʻemaʻe, e kau ana i nā kūlima,

E kau i kahi pahu me ka urine i loko o kahi pahu no ka halihali ʻana i ka wai o nā mea kūlohelohe, e hāʻawi pū me ia me ke kuhikuhi i pau no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka maʻi diagnostic i ke kikowaena,

E hoʻokaʻawale i nā pale lima, mask, hopu i nā lima i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

kele huina ma 3% r-chloramine-60 min.

hoʻomala i ka mask ma 3% hopena o ka chloramine - 120 min,

dunk i ke kakā no otrab. mea waiwai i ka 3% hopena o ka chloramine - 60 min,

10. Mālama i ka lima lima ma kahi kūlana maʻemaʻe.

"ʻEnehana hōʻiliʻili urine no ka loiloi lapaʻau ākea"

Kumuhana: diagnostic, e hāʻawi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa loea e loaʻa ai kahi hopena kūpono o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana,

Nā Hōʻike:– hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kauka

Nā pālua:– hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kauka

1 pahu holoi, maʻemaʻe me ka uhi, ka nui o ka 200-300 ml., He kuhikuhi no ka hōʻike hoʻomaʻomaʻi, ke kīʻaha no nā mea hoʻonāukiuki, kahi pānaʻi waiwai nui i uhi ʻia me nā mea hana (tweezers), kahi pahu me nā pōpoki opala i 70% ka wai ʻona, kahi pahu no ka halihali i nā mea ola olakino. nā ipu me nā des. kūlohelohe.

ʻO ka hiʻona a me nā pono o ke kaila, nā hōʻike

ʻO Urinalysis e like me Nechiporenko kahi noiʻi noiʻi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke nānā i ke ʻano o ka palaki a me ka urinary tract

Ma ka urinalysis maʻamau, helu ʻia nā ʻano nui o ke ʻano o ka ʻike. Ma ke ʻano loiloi e like me Nechiporenko, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua mikroskopika o ka mea (urine) me ka helu ʻana o nā ʻāpana like ʻole (nā selela keʻokeʻo, nā keʻena koko a me nā cylinders) i loko o ka 1 ml o ka urine. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e kuhikuhi i ka mau hewa i ka ʻōnaehana urinary.

Ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka hōʻike, wehewehe ʻo ke kahu i ka mea maʻi i ka pololei e hoʻopae ai i ka urine e like me Nechiporenko e pale ai i nā hopena hōʻike ʻole. ʻO ka pololei o ka hopena e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka hoʻomākaukau kūpono a me ka hana pono i nā lula o ke kaʻina no ka hōʻiliʻili i ka urine. Loaʻa loa nā hewa o ka hana noiʻi me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā urine kūpono.

ʻO ka mea nui ma ka hana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka urine ma muli o Nechiporenko, ʻo ke kaʻina o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka mea maʻalahi e like me ka OAM, ʻaʻole ka nui o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka manawa, he kumu kūʻai, akā ke hāʻawi nei i ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka hana a nā kauā, ka ʻōpala, a me nā urinary tract.

Ke kuhikuhi ʻia nei ka nānā ʻana ʻo Nechiporenko i kēia mau helu:

• Huna ʻia ka koko i loko o ka wai. Inā ʻike ka nui o nā koko i ka urine i OAM, ua kau ʻia ka hōʻike hou. I ka manawa e loiloi ʻia e Nechiporenko, helu ʻia nā kihi o ke koko (me nā kulu koko keokeo a me nā ʻolua koko ʻai ʻula. Inā loaʻa kahi kumu o ke kahe i ka hoʻokalakupua, e nui ana kekahi nui o nā sela koko ʻulaʻula.
• I ka wā hāpai. I ka wā hapai, ka hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo urine e like me Nechiporenko e waiho wale nō i ka hihia me OAM, akā, no ka pale ʻana, i ʻole ai e poina i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi o ka pēpē, e loaʻa ai ke kaumaha i ka wā o ka hānau keiki.
• ʻO kahi hōʻike no ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi. Inā hoʻoholo ʻia kahi mālama maʻi ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana urinary, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o kona pono e hoʻohana ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka urine ma muli o Nechiporenko. I mea ke ʻoi aku ka ʻike ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mumū ma mua o ka OAM.
• Inā kānalua ʻoe i kahi kaʻina hana i ka papa o ka urinary. Inā he kānalua o ka mumū i ka wā o ka urinalysis maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia kahi urinalysis lua e like me Nechiporenko e hoʻoholo i ka helu o ka leukocytes i ka mea. ʻO kēia ke hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mumū, me ka nānā ʻana i ka kūpono o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau a me nā rula no ka ʻohi ʻana i ka urine no ka nānā ʻana

No ka mea e hilinaʻi ʻia nā hualoaʻa, pono ʻoe e hahai i nā kānāwai hoʻomākaukau a hōʻiliʻili i ka urine

Hoʻākoakoa ka mea maʻi i nā mea no ka noiʻi kūʻokoʻa ma ka home. ʻO ke kūpono o nā hualoaʻa e pili ana i ke ʻano pololei o kāna e hoʻomākaukau ai a hōʻiliʻili i ka urine.

ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻo nā hewa i hopena ma o ka hewa o nā mea kōkua o ka limahana, akā ma muli o ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā lula no ka hōʻiliʻili i ka urine e like me Nechiporenko a me ka hoʻokaʻina o nā mea haole i nā mea ʻē aʻe.

• 2 mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e pale aku i ka ʻūhū, i ka aʻalapa, nā ʻalena meaʻai, ka meaʻai wikiwiki, ka nui o ka kō, ka mea inu ʻona, nā kīwaha ikaika a me nā kaʻa. Hōʻalo kēia mau huahana i ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o ka urine a hiki ke hoʻololi i kāna hana. ʻO ka laʻana, ʻai ʻai i nā ʻaʻai ma ka pō o ke kūmole e alakaʻi i ke ʻano o ka protein i loko o ka urine.
• Pono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā huahana meaʻai e hūnā i ka urine (beets, kāloti, blueberries), 12 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo.
• ʻAʻole ia e inu i ka inu ʻula i ka lā ma mua o ka hōʻili ʻana i ka urine, a mai lawe ʻole i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau. E pili ana i ka hoʻokele a me ka haʻalele o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono ia e nīnau i ke kauka.
• ʻO ka lā ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka urine, pono e pale i ka nui o ka hōʻeha kino a me ke aʻalolo. He mea maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi e kau overheat.

ʻAʻole tūtū ʻia nā wahine e hāʻawi i ka urine i ka wā menstruation. Hiki ke koko i loko o ka urine, e alakaʻi ana i nā hopena hala ʻole. Inā he lōʻihi ka manawa a hele paha ke koko, a pono ʻoe e hele i ka urine, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka urinating, pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo i kahi swab i loko o ka lua.

E hoʻoili i ka urine e like me Nechiporenko, pono ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili i ka hapa kakahiaka kakahiaka me ka urine.

Ma mua o ke kaʻina ʻana o ka ʻohi i ka urine, pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau i kahi pahu. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kūʻai i ka ipu momona ma ka lāʻau kūʻai. Inā ʻaʻole, hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka urine i loko o kahi wai holoi a maloʻo paha. Ma mua o kēia, pono e holoi ʻia ka ipu, hoʻomoʻi a hoʻomaloʻo maikaʻi.

I ke kakahiaka, ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili i ka urine, pono ʻoe e holoi ponoʻī iā ʻoe iho. ʻO ka hapa mua o ka urine e komo i loko o ka lua, a laila i loko o ka ipu a pono ʻoe e hoʻopau hou i loko o ka lua. Ma hope o ka kaʻina ʻohi ʻana i ka urine, pono ʻoe e pani pono i ka uhi a hāʻawi aku iā ia i ka hale kikowaena no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i loko o hoʻokahi hola. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia nā lāahi i kahiʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau hola a waiho i kahi mahana. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hele a lilo i kūpono no ka noiʻi.

E hoʻokaʻawale i nā loiloi urine e like me Nechiporenko: nā hōʻailona a me kaʻono

Hōʻailona ka ʻike no Nechiporenko i kahi mau hōʻailona. ʻO ka maʻa maʻamau, ʻaʻole nā ​​loko o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā loko koko ke ʻole, a i ʻole nā ​​cylinders (nā mea palaka) e noho i loko o ka wai. ʻAʻole hele i nā pōkole olakino i nā kahe koko a me nā protein.

Ke hōʻike nei ke ʻano o kēia mau mea i ka ʻino o ke kolo. Ka hōkeo ʻana o ka nānā ʻana i ka urine:

• Nā pili koko koko. ʻO kēia nā puna ke kuleana i ka pane ʻana o ke kino. Hoʻopau hou lākou ma ke komo ʻana o nā pathogens i ke kino. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka maka o ka hoʻopili a hoʻopau i ka ʻaila kumu o ka maʻi. Pono nā keʻena koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ke koko, akā pono ʻaʻole ia e noho i loko o ka urine, hōʻike lākou i ka hiki ʻana o kahi ʻano mākala. ʻO ka maʻa maʻamau, aia lākou i ka ʻole a i ʻole i kēia manawa i kahi mea liʻiliʻi (a hiki i 2000 no 1 ml o ka mimi). ʻO ka heleʻana o nā keaka koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ka urine ua kapa ʻia he helu koko ma ke keʻokeʻo. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻākāka ʻia hou kahi ʻike ʻia: kahi ultrasound o ka pūpū a me ka pāheo, kahi hōʻike ʻana i ka urine no ka inoculation bacterial.
• ʻO nā pūpū koko ʻula. Ua kapa ʻia ka helehelena koko ʻulaʻula ma loko o ka kāwele. Aia lākou ma ka urine ma ka nui a hiki i ka 1,000 no ka 1 ml o ka nui. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā ʻona koko ʻulaʻula i loko o ka urine e hōʻike ana i ke kahe mai o ke kahe, hōʻino i ka maʻa o nā ʻōpū, pākī, ureter a i ʻole urethra, ʻehaʻeha, a me nā kaʻina o ke kūpaʻa. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike ka maʻi a me ka huhū i ka manawa like. Hiki ke loli ka nui o nā koko koko i loko o ka urine (ʻaʻohe hemoglobin) a loli ʻole (me ka hemoglobin).
• Nā hale ʻalani. Hiki i ka urine i kahi nui a 20 mau pūʻulu no ka 1 ml mau mea. Hōʻike nā cylinders i loko o ka urine ma muli o ka hikiʻana o ka protein i loko, aia ia kahi hōʻailona o ka patology. ʻO nā cylinders Hyaline i hana piha i ka protein. ʻO ka heleʻana o kēia mau cylinders e hōʻike i ka pōʻino i ka aʻalopona a me nā hanana pinepine me ka nephritis, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis.
• Nā Nālila lula. ʻO nā cylinders Granular kahi hapa o ka protein mai nā tubula renal. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻano granular iā lākou e nā cell epithelial i hoʻopili ʻia i ko lākou papa. Ke hōʻike nei kēia mau mea i kahi maʻi o nā tubula renal (glomerulonephritis, nephropathy, amyloidosis). Hiki paha lākou ma nā urine ma kahi kumukūʻai a 20 mau pūʻulu no ka 1 ml.

Nā kumu kūpono no ka hoʻonui

Hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka urinalysis ke kuhikuhi i ka maʻi o ke keiki

No ka hana pololei ʻana i kahi maʻi kūpono, pono paha kahi noiʻi (ultrasound, MRI). Hiki ke hoʻokau ʻia kahi maʻi ma kahi o nā mau kikoʻī kekahi i hoʻonui ʻia.

Hiki i ke kumu no ke kūʻē.ʻO kekahi laʻana, inā hāʻawi kekahi mea maʻi i ka urine i ka wā maʻi, ma kahi pā kiʻekiʻe, hoʻowahāwahā ʻo ia i nā kānāwai o ka hoʻomākaukau. I nā wahine, ʻo ke kumu o ka hana maikaʻi ʻole hiki ke lilo i kāne. Inā komo ka hopena o ka vaginal i ka urinalysis, hematuria a me leukocyturia hiki ke ʻike.

ʻO nā kumu no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahele o nā hōʻailona e hiki ke lawelawe me nā maʻi like ʻole o ka urinary system:

• ʻO Glomerulonephritis. Me kēia maʻi, ua hoʻomālamalama ka ʻōlohelohe o ka ʻōhā. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka urine e like me Nechiporenko, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i nā hōʻailona a pau, ʻoiai me ka glomerulonephritis, ke kānana ʻana i ka maʻi kānana. I waena o nā hōʻailona, ​​hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻano koko koko ʻole, ka hiki ʻana o edema, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, a me ka kaila o ka urine i hoʻopuka ʻia.
• ʻŌpala palau He maʻi ʻino loa kēia ma kahi o ka lolo keiki e make ai no ka nele o ke kahe koko. I ka hihia o ka infarction kidney, e hoʻonui ʻia nā nui o ke koko i ka loiloi. Hoʻomaka ka maʻi me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka pūpū, a laila puka mai ke koko i ka urine, a paʻa ka ʻihi. Inā e waiho ke kahe koko i nā pilikia ʻelua, hiki ke maʻi ka maʻi.
• ʻO ka ʻūpā palā. He maʻi maʻamau kēia kanesa i nā poʻe kahiko. I kēia hihia, hoʻonui ka nui o nā leukocytes i ka urine. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi mākia i ka wā he ultrasound a MRI paha. I waena o nā hōʻailona o ka urination impaired, koko i ka urine.
• Eclampsia. ʻO kahi hōʻeha maikaʻi kēia o ka maʻi gestosis hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi coma. Loaʻa kēia kūlana i nā wahine hāpai. Heʻino no ka makuahine a me ke keiki. Me ka eclampsia, abruption abruption, hoʻonui koʻikoʻi, a me ka hana ʻole i nānā ʻia i ʻike ʻia.

Hiki ke ʻike hou ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ka loiloi o ka urine e like me Nechiporenko i ke wikiō.

ʻO ka ʻili ʻana i ka paʻakai ma nā keiki hou

Hoʻohui ʻia ka hana i loko o ka ʻeke urinal kūikawā, kahi i mālama mua ʻia e nā kaʻina maʻemaʻe. Ma kāna haʻalele, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi pēpē maʻamau. Hoʻole ia loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka urine i kā ʻia mai ka diaper no nā hoʻokolohua hōʻoia, ʻo ka mea kānana a me nā mea haole e hoʻopilikia i nā hopena.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau no ka laʻana o ka urine

ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau kūikawā no ke aʻo ʻana. E hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻona i ke kakahiaka i ka wā o ka ʻili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ka wahi i hōʻea ai ma laila pō. Ma mua o ka hoʻonā ʻana, pono ke kaʻina hana maʻemaʻe maʻamau. Pono ka paʻakai o ka urine, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ke kīʻaha hiki i ka pākahu. No ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka maʻi o ka pīkē e komo ai i ka hoʻohālike mai ka ʻōpū o ke keʻena, e hoʻolako ʻia e hoʻokuʻu ʻoe i kahi liʻiliʻi i ka urine, a laila, me ka ʻole o ka pau ʻana, ka hili i ka ipu. I ka huina, pono ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili ma kahi o 50 mau mililiter o ka lako a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka laikaki noʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau hola i loko o ka friji, inā 'aʻole ho'ēmi iki ka ʻikepili o ka loiloi.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā lā i ka lā

Mākaukau e hoʻomākaukau i kahi ipu maʻemaʻe no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka urine me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi o 3 lita, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai ʻoe i ka biomaterial i ke ao aʻe.

• I ke kakahiaka, e hoʻopiha piha i ka puhaka, a laila hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka urine i loko o ka pahu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a hiki i ka manawa like i ka lā aʻe.
• I loko o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, e mālama i ka ipu me ka urine i kahi anu anu a maloʻo kahi mahana (+4. + 8 ° C).
• I ka pau ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka lā i kēlā me kēia lā, e kāwili pono a ninini iā ​​50 ml i kahi pahu wai waiho wai, hōʻike ma ka lepili i ka nui o ka urine i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā (no ka laʻana: "Diuresis 1500 ml").
• Hoʻopili i ka uhi ma luna o ka pahu a hāʻawi i ka biomaterial no ka hoʻokolokolo.

Hoʻomākaukau kālā no ka hōʻike Zimnitsky

Hana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua Zimnitsky e loiloi i ka hana o ke keiki - ka hiki iā lākou ke kūpaʻa a me ka urine excrete. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻike ʻana mai ke koena i ka ʻohi ʻohi o nā ʻatikala. I ka huina, pono ʻoe e loaʻa he 8 lawelawe o ka waihona o ka manawa ma kahi manawa. I ka hora 6 kakahiaka, pono ʻoe e pīpī, ma hope o ka manawa, hoʻomaka i ka hola 9, i kēlā me kēia 3 hola e hōʻiliʻili i ka urine i loko o nā mea lawe kau inoa. Loaʻa i nā urine a pau, me ke kāwili ʻole ʻana, pono e lawe ʻia i ka laboratory. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka wai i lawe ʻia i ke ao. Pono e loaʻa i ka nui o ka nui o ka wai inu i ka pae o 1-1,5 lita.

Mākaukau, hōʻiliʻili a me ka lawe ʻana i ka urine no ka nānā bacteriological

He mea kūpono ia e hoʻokō me ka hōʻiliʻili o ka biomaterial ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka maʻi antibacterial, antifungal a i ʻole immunobiological therapy. I ka hihia o ka mea mālama, ua hōʻike ʻia e hoʻopau i ke papa, a laila hana i kahi hōʻike ma hope o nā lā 10-14.

• Hoʻohui ʻia ka paʻakai ʻo STRICTLY i loko o nā pā aniani, ma muli o nā lula o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe
• Ma hope o kahi kīʻaha paʻa o ka moʻomeheu waho, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pahu momona o ke kino, e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻāpana maʻamau o ka urine kakahiaka (e hoʻokuʻu i kahi urine liʻiliʻi, kāpae i ka ʻāʻī a laila e hōʻili i ka 3-5 ml i loko o kahi pahu).
• Hāʻawi ʻia ka pahu uhi me ka biomaterial i ka ʻoihana. Inā hiki ʻole ke lele wikiwiki, hiki i ka mālama ʻana o nā biomaterial i kahi mika (+4. + 8 ° C) ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 24 mau hola.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau no ka nānā ʻana i ka urine e Nechiporenko

ʻO ke kumu o ke aʻo ʻana ke kuhikuhi pono i ke ʻano o nā aʻala.

I ka wā o ka nānā ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā ʻōpū koko keʻokeʻo, nā keʻena koko a me nā cylinders.

No ka ʻikepili ʻana, lawe i kahi mahele maʻamau o ka urine.

He maʻalahi ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ke kaʻina hana:

• E hoʻokaʻawale i nā meaʻai kūpono a me ka paʻakai, a me nā huahana e pili i ke kala o ka urine, ma ka pō o ke aʻo ʻana.
• No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i nā diuretics ʻelua mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo.

• Hoʻomaʻaʻa i nā moʻomeheu o waho.
• Pono e hōʻiliʻili i ka mahele hapa o nā urine, i.e. hoʻokuʻu i ka hapa mua o ka urine i loko o ka lua i ka wai, a laila hoʻopau i ka urinating a hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻāpana waena i loko o kahi pahu.
• Hāʻawi ʻia ka pahu uhi me ka biomaterial i ka ʻoihana.

ʻAʻole koi ʻo Urinalysis e like me Nechiporenko i ka 100% sterility o ka mea hōʻiliʻili, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka helu a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi o nā maʻi.

Mākaukau no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻo 17-KS

ʻO nā 17-ketosteroids nā huahana metabolic o nā hormones sex i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka urine a e hōʻike ana i ka pae o ka hana androgen ma ke kino. Hoʻohana ʻia ka loiloi i ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o nā pilikia o ka hormonal a me nā kani o nā kelepa endocrine. No ka noiʻi ʻana, hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka urine iā ia e like me nā kānāwai laulā. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau kūikawā no ka hoʻoili ʻana. Ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili i ka mimi, inā hiki, oki e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā lā 2-3, maiʻai i nā meaʻai e hiki ai ke mālama ʻia (me ka laʻana, he mau kāloti, kāloti, a me nā mea) i loko o ka lā. Kāhea ʻia ia e nānā i ke maluhia kino a me ka noʻonoʻo. Ua pili nā āpau āpau i ka noiʻi ʻana o ka urine no nā hormone ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻomākaukau no ka Koi ʻeha Pīpē Lē (UBC) Assay

Me ka hoʻoneʻe kino ʻole ʻana o ka pūnaewele o ka pāla, ʻike paʻa kona mau pā i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā cytokeratins. Ke koho nei iā lākou i loko o ka urine kahi ala screening kūpono no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kanesa o kēia ʻola. No ka noiʻi, lawe i kahi ʻāpana o ka urine. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau kūikawā, akā ʻelua mau lā ma mua o ke kaʻe ʻana, e pono ke kāpae i nā diuretics āpau, i ʻae ʻia me ke kauka i hele mai. ʻAʻole ia e kuhikuhi ʻia e hana i kahi haʻawina ma mua o nā hana ʻoi a nā ʻano hanana o ka genitourinary system.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka urine no ka nānā pono ʻana ma kekahi keʻena olakino. Mākaukau mau ko mākou poʻe loea i ke aʻo ʻana pehea e hoʻomākaukau pono ai no kahi ʻano loiloi i mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena pono. ʻO ka Skylab ka:

• Akea. He ʻumi ma nā kikowaena ʻona e loaʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole.
• Ke wikiwiki. Hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena o ka aʻo ʻana ma ka pūnaewele me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka home.
• He kūlike. Ke hoʻohana nei mākou i nā pono diagnostic i kēia lā, e hāʻawi ana i ka nānā pono kiʻekiʻe.

Me kēia mau maikaʻi, he haʻahaʻa a kūlike ke kumukūʻai no kā mākou lawelawe a hiki i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi.

Nā pae maʻalahi e mākaukau no ka nānā ʻana

Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi memo ola i ka pō o ke kaomi. I ka lā ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana:

• haʻalele i ka hana kino kino,
• Mai kipa i ka lumi ʻauʻau a me ka sauna.
• hōʻalo i ka pīhoihoi kūpaʻa a me ke kaumaha;
• wehe i nā kāloti, rhubarb a me beets i ka meaʻai - pili lākou i ke kala o ka urine,
• Mai ʻai i nā meaʻai e hoʻoulu pinepine ai i ka urinary - ka wai, melon, pickles,
• mai inu i nā mea kanu diuretic,
• ʻaʻole pono i ka papa ʻaina i nā kīʻaha aniani a me nā mea ʻala, nā mea ʻala ʻawaʻawa.
• ʻaʻole e ʻai i nā mea ʻai i ʻeha,
• haʻalele i ka waiʻona
• hoʻemi i ka ʻai ʻana o nā huahana o ka ʻai - he "paʻakikī" no nā keiki,
• inu i kou ʻano wai, me ka loli ʻole o ka hoʻoponopono regimen ʻokoʻa.

Eia kekahi, pono e kamaʻilio pū me kāu kauka i ka ʻōlelo e lawe ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻopilikia ka hua lāʻau antibiotics, diuretics a me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory i ka hopena o ke aʻo ʻana, no laila, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, ua pau kā lākou hoʻokipa ʻana. Hoʻopiliʻia ka diuretics iʻelua mau lā ma mua o ka laweʻana o Nechiporenko, nā meaʻokoʻa'ē aʻe - hoʻokahi lā.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokau ʻia ka aʻo ʻana i ka wā o ka menstruation, ma hope koke o ka hoʻokolohua ʻana me kahi o ka wahi. Hāʻawi ʻia ia e lawe i loko o ka hebedoma ma hope o ka cystoscopy a me catheterization o ka pāpaʻi.

Pono ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi pahu kūikawā. Hiki ke loaʻa ia ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, akā aia kekahi ma nā kios Rospechat.

Inā ʻike ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka ipu i kūʻai ʻia, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e wehe i kona uhi i mua a pākuʻi ʻia mai loko. Inā ʻaʻohe mea nāna, e ʻae ʻia e lawe i ka hoʻoili ʻia i loko o kahi pahu pahu liʻiliʻi me ka ʻāʻī ākea ua hoʻolapalulu ʻia ma mua o kēlā me kēia (no ka laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke holoi aku me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo soda a hoʻoluʻolu i loko o ka microwave no 3 mau minuke).

ʻO ka ʻili pākeke ʻohiʻohana

No ka hoʻāʻo, ʻike ʻia ka miki ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hiamoe. E lawe i ka urine i ke kakahiaka, ma ka ʻōpū ʻole.

1. Hana i kahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi loa o ka ʻōpū ʻano o waho.I nā wahine: e mālama i ka labia me ka aila a me ka wai, ma kahi wela me ka neʻe o ka "i mua i ka hoʻihoʻi", a laila holoi me ka wai mahana a maloʻo me kahi ʻoka maloʻo a me ka kāwele maʻemaʻe.I nā kāne: e mālama i kahi hāmeʻa mahana ʻoluʻolu, holoi holoi i ka ʻula o ka palupalu a me ka wehe o waho o ka urethra, holoi ʻia me ka wai mahana, hoʻoheheʻe.
2. E hoʻokuʻu i kahi urine i loko o ka lua (e pili ana i 25 ml).
3. Ke kū ʻole o ka urination, ka mea e hoʻopili i ka ipu ma lalo o ke kahawai a hōʻiliʻili i ka hapa awelika (25-50 ml). ʻO ia ka mea nui loa ma ka helu, pili i ka ʻelua ʻē aʻe.
4. E hoʻopau i ka urinating ma ka lua.
5. Hoʻokomo i ka inoa a i ʻole kuhikuhi i loaʻa i ka hale hauka i ka pahu.

Ke lawe ʻia nei ka halihali ma kahi paʻa. E lawe pono ʻia ka pahu i ka ʻoihana me ka hiki ke hiki, ʻoi loa ma loko o nā hola 1,5-2 ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. Inā hiki ʻole ka hoʻouna koke ʻana i ka haukapila, hiki iā ia ke waiho i loko o ka friji, i +2 .. + 4 degere, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1,5 mau hola.

Rula no ka loli no nā keiki

ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻohi ʻana i nā urine ma mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ke ahiahi, a i ʻole 3 i hoʻokahi hola paha ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi keʻena lapaʻau. Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi wai mai ka ipu hao, nā diapers a me nā diapers (koe wale nō i ka urile sterile i nā pēpē).

ʻIkepili no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka urine i nā keiki e hiki ke kū a e hele paha ma ka potty:

1. Hoʻoulu i ka lua o ka lua o ke ʻano ʻōiwi.I nā kaikamahine: Holoi i ka perineum me ka wai mahana, mua me ka pēpē pēpē, a maʻa i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe (neʻe mai ka ʻōpū a ke anus).I nā keikikāne: E holoi pono i nā genital me ka wai mahana a me ka palau, ka holoi a hoʻoilo ʻia.
2. Hoʻomaka ke keiki i ka pīpī i loko o ka ipuhao a i ʻole ka lumi kaukau, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i kahi kīʻaha a hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻāpana maʻamau, hoʻopau i ka urination.
3. Hoʻopau ma luna o ka waihona inoa piha a i ʻole kuhikuhi mai ka hale haukapila.

Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino o nā keiki liʻiliʻi, pono e mālama i ka ipu kokoke i ka wā o nā hana palekana (hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaha koke i ka pono ke holoi. He mea paʻakikī ke loaʻa i ka mahele awelika no kēia nānā ʻana i nā pēpē a me nā keiki hou, no laila he kūpono kēlā.

1. E holoi holoi i ka pēpē e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei.
2. I nā keikikāne, hiki ke kahaki i kahi kahawai o ka urine i loko o kahi pahu i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka pēpē i ka urinate. I nā kaikamahine, pono ʻoe e hoʻowalewale i ka urination: hoʻomau ma luna o ka neʻe ʻana ma o ka huli ʻana i ka pā.
3. Inā liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā makahiki, a ʻaʻole holo koke ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai i loko o kahi pā hao, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka urinal. No nā keikikāne a me nā kaikamāhine, ʻokoʻa lākou a ʻae iā ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka hoʻoili ʻana ʻaʻohe pilikia.
4. E hoʻopili i kahi inoa piha a i ʻole kuhikuhi i ka pahu.

E lawe i ka ipu i ka haukapila i loko o 2 mau hola ma hope o ka lawe ʻana. Mālama ʻia ia i loko o ka friji. Manaʻo ʻia no ka hōʻike i ke kauka he urine kēia, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa, inā pēlā.