ʻO ka waikawa amoxicillin clavulanic

ʻO Clavulanic waikawa he mea antibactial bactericidal ahente e pili ana i ka hui o penicillins semisynthetic. Hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hopena maikaʻi loa e hui pū me ka lāʻau lapaʻau Amoxicillin, kahi antibiotic ākea ākea-ākea. ʻO kēia hui hui i kahi hopena pale i hiki ʻole ke hoʻoneʻe i ka hana o nā beta-lactamases a hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi o nā kino ENT a me ka pākuhi, ka ʻili, ka urogenital system, nā ʻili a me nā iwi.

Aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa i ka amoxicillin, clavulanic acid i kēia manawa. Ua hana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano o nā papa, nā pōkole no ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻopiʻi kūlohelohe a i ʻole hāʻule no ka hoʻopale waha, i ke ʻano o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me ka hoʻonā i nā injectable.

ʻO ka lāʻau "Amoxicillin" a me ka acid clavulanic: hana a me nā mea

ʻO ka waikawa pono ia a me ke kahu antibakino nāwaliwali, akā naʻe, e pale ai i ka amoxicillin mai ka hoʻomaloka o ka enzymatic degradation, ka mea e hiki ai i ka hopena antibacterial e hoʻopiha piha ʻia. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hopena o ka lāʻau i ka nui o ka gram-maikaʻi a me ka gram-negatif, anaerobic a aerobic pathogens, me nā kaha o kā lākou māʻama i kū i nā antibiotics.

ʻO Amoxicillin a me clavulanic acid: nā hōʻailona

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka hopena no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū, ka pepeiao, ka ihu e komo nei i ka sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, bronchitis aʻeha a me nā maʻi bronchitis, pneumonia, ʻehaʻeha, bronchopneumonia, abscesses baga.

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hāmeʻa no nā maʻi maʻi o nā palupalu a me nā ʻili (abscesses, boils, cellulite, nā ʻehaʻeha, panniculitis, phlegmon). Hoʻohana ʻia ka waikela Clavulanic e mālama i kēlā mau maʻi o ka pā genitourinary a me ka urogenital tract (me ka venereal), e like me ka cystitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, chancre palu, gonorrhea, salpingitis, endometritis, pelvioperitonitis, bacterial vaginitis, salpingo-oophoritis, postpartum sepsis hoʻohanu.

Eia hoʻi, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā he mau ʻino a me nā iwi a me nā iwi i ke kino. Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokele intravenous no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi pili i ka hana me nā hana ʻana.

ʻO ka lāʻau "Amoxicillin" a me ka acid clavulanic: contraindications

Mai hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hypersensitivity i nā penicillins a me nā antibiotics hou (beta-lactam), e haʻalele ai i ka hiki o ka pīhoihoi anaphylactic. Contraindicated i nā poʻe maʻi me ka lymphocytic leukemia a me ka mononucleosis infectious.

Me ka mālama aka, hana ʻia nā koho no ka poʻe maʻi e loaʻa ana i ka ʻōpala o ka mauʻu, ka diate allergic, urticaria, bronthial asthma. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e pale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, i ka wā hapai, ʻoiai me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hōʻike paʻakikī. I ka hana ʻana i nā kahu hānai, loaʻa i nā ʻāpana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka umauma umauma.

ʻO ka lāʻau "Amoxicillin" a me ka clavulanic acid: ke kumukūʻai

Ma muli o ka nui o nā puka, ka nui a me nā ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki ke ʻano nui ke kumukūʻai.

Ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau

Ua hui ʻia ka hui ʻana ma kahi o 1977/78. ʻO nā kānaka ʻepekema Pelekane e hana ana ma Beecham (mahele ʻāpana o GlaxoSmithKline). I ka makahiki 1984 i hāʻawi ʻia ai. ʻO Augmentin ka inoa inoa a ua hoʻohana ʻia e ka mea nāna i hana.

Ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau

Hana ia i ka bactericidal, pale i ka synthesis o ka paia bacterial. Hoʻohana maikaʻiʻo Amoxicillin i nā maʻi i mālama iā ia. Ma muli o ka hoʻokomo o kahi beta-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanic acid) i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi kū i ka amoxicillin. Amoxycillin ma ka hui pu ana, me ka clavulanicʻakika waiwai ku e aerobic gram-maikaʻi koʻohune (me ke kanana nei i ka waiwai Hoʻokolohua-lactamase): Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus anthracis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus faecalis, Corynebacterium spp, Listeria monocytogenes ,. Anaerobic gram-positive bacteria: Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., aerobic gram-negative bacteria (me ka ulu ʻana o beta-lactamase e hana nei i nā kaha): Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella spp., Salmon. Bordetella pertussis, Yomoinia enterocolitica, Gardnerella vaginalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseri he gonoreae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Yersinia multocida (ma mua o Pasteurella), Campylobacter jejuni, anaerobic gram-negative bacteria (e pili ana i nā uaua e hoʻopiʻi ana i ka beta-lactamases): nā Bacteroides seroilis, me nā Bacteroides seroilis. Hoʻopau ka waʻa Clavulanic i ke ʻano II, III, IV a me nā ʻano like o beta-lactamases, ʻaʻole kūlike i ka type I beta-lactamases i hoʻokumu ʻia e Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia spp., Acinetobacter spp.

Loaʻa ka nui o ka acid Clavulanic no ka penicillinases, ma muli o ia e hoʻopiha ai i ka pūpū paʻa me ka enzyme, i kāohi ai i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka enzyxicillin ma lalo o ka mana o beta-lactamases.

Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka kohu clavulanic i ka amoxicillin, i ka mea i hoʻonui ʻia i ka hana antibacterial o ka hopena o hope, he piʻi nui i ka hana bactericidal intracellular o ka leukocyt nukela polymorphic nukilula. ʻO ka hana o ka pale anti anticicrobial e hoʻonui i ka pili e pili ana i nā kumu o ka maʻi o ka bacteria e hana a ʻaʻole i hana i ka beta-lactamase. I ka hui pū me nā amoxicillin, hoʻonaninani ka clavulanic acid i ka chemotaxis a me ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā leukocytes polymorphonuclear. E pili paha kēia mau pilina i nā hopena hopena. Pili ʻia ka mea e pono ai i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi hanu i hoʻoiho ʻia e ka pneumococcus, inā e noʻonoʻo mākou i ka leukocytes polymorphonuclear ma ke ʻano he laina mua o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi pneumococcal.

Pehea e hana ai ka clavulanic acid?

ʻO Clavulanic acid kahi lālā o kahi pūʻulu o nā metabolics (enzymes a me antienzymes). He mea paʻa beta-lactamase a loaʻa kahi hopena antimicrobial. Hoʻohālike ka hoʻonohonoho o nā mea pono o ke kinipona o ke ana o ka nū o ka hana o ka mea penicillin. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e like me ia, ma kahi o ka paia thiazolidine, aia ka clavulanic acid i kahi oxazolidine loe.

Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono waha, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka clavulanic acid i ka beta-lactamases, ma muli o ka hana o ka gram-Negative a me kekahi mau microorganism. Eia ka hana o ka hana a ka mea penei: clavulanic acid komo i loko o ka membrane o nā huakini a i ʻole hana i nā huina i loaʻa i loko o kēia mau kō a me ko lākou mau palena. ʻO ke kaʻina o ke kāohi ʻana i ka beta-lactamase i pinepine ʻole ʻia. I ka hopena, hiki i nā microorganism ke hana i ka pale ʻana i ka antibiotic i hoʻohana.

Pehea e hoʻohana ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka waila clavulanic

ʻO Clavulanic acid i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia me Amoxicillin a i Ticarcillin no ka mālamaʻana i nā maʻi maʻi infectious a me nā maʻi a nā mea pili o nā microorganisms hoʻohui. ʻO ka hewa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea kū hoʻokahi a ua hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kauka ma muli o ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi, ʻike a me ka palapala hana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau ʻana no Clavulanic acid intravenously me ka mālama ʻana i nā poʻe maʻi me ka hana ʻoi pū me ka hana koʻikoʻi. Inā loaʻa kahi hives a i ʻole wikiwiki ka erythematous, pono e kāpae ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Clavulanic acid ua contraindicated i ka hihia o kēlā me kēia intolerance. I ka wā hapai, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau me Amoxicillin a i Ticarcillin wale nō no nā kumu olakino. I ka wā lactation, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka waikawa clavulanic i loaʻa: dyspepsia, jaundice cholestatic, hana ate kapuwela, hepatitis, colse pseudomembranous, candidiasis, kūmole kūloko (erythema multiforme, edema Quincke, exfoliative dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylactic shock).

ʻO ka inoa kālepa no ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka waikawa clavulanic ʻo "Potassium Clavulanate + Microcrystalline Cellulose". ʻO nā lāʻau hoʻohui i loaʻa i ka acid clavulanic: Amovicomb, Amoxiclav, Amoxiclav Quiktab, Arlet, Augmentin, Bactoclav, Verclave, Clamosar, Liclav, Panclave, Ranklav "," Taromentin "," Flemoklav Solyutab "," Ecoclave "," Timentin ".

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka miko clavulanic

ʻO Clavulanic acid he beta-lactamase inhibitor ma muli o kāna kāpili beta-lactam, kahi e hoʻohālike ai i ka hana me ka antibiotics.

Hāʻawi kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka waiwai e hoʻohui me nā pūmua protein penicillin-binding e pili ana i nā paia o nā pāpaona gram-maikaʻi a i ʻole nā ​​gram-Negative, e hāʻawi ana i kā lākou luku.

He aha ka hana a ka acid

Hiki i ka acid Clavulanic ke hōʻike i nā hana haʻahaʻa e kū'ē iā Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, medium me ka mahalo e komo i ka enterobacteria a me ka hemophilus bacillus, a ikaika me nā bacteroids, moraxella, staphylococci a me streptococci. Hoʻopilikia kēia beta-lactam pūpū i ka gonococci a me ka atypical chlamydia a me nā kini me nā legionella bacteria.

Hoʻomoe a Clavulanic acid-hoʻomākaukau

Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā lāʻau antibiotika Beta-lactam me kēia mea, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻohui i hui pū ʻia me nā inoa inoa like ʻole, no ka laʻana, Amoxil-K, Augmentin, Amoxiclav.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau nui ka lāʻau lapaʻau "Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid." Loaʻa i ka papa o nā papa, hoʻāla no ka hoʻomākaukau o nā pēpē (me ka hana maʻamau a me ka "forte"), ka pulehu no ka ʻaila a me ka ʻōlelo. ʻO ka pūpū ka haku awohicicillin trihydrate a me ka acid clavulanic i loko o ke ʻano o ka paʻakai pā hale i nā nui lehulehu. Aia nā papa i 500 a 250 mg paha o ka antibiotic a me ka paʻakai o 125 mg, aʻo ka huina o nā kiko o nā mea hana ikaika hiki ke 625 mg, 1 g, 375 mg.

Nā hana hana i ka hana

ʻO ka mea nui ka amoxicillin kahi antibiotic semi-synthetic me ka laulā ākea e hana i ka micro-positive a me ka gram-negative microorganisms. Hiki ke luku ʻia ka pūhui me ke komo ʻana o β-lactamases, no laila, ʻaʻole pili i nā microorganism e hana i kēia mau enina.

Wahi a Clavulanic e pili ana i ka pūnaʻi β-lactam e kālai ana i kahi ākea o nā enzyme ma muli o ke ʻano o ka nui o ka paʻakikī o ka paʻakikī. Hōʻalo kēia hana i ka luku ʻana o ka enzymatic i ka antibiotika amoxicillin a kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana o kāna hana i nā microorganism, ka mea kūpaʻa ʻole i ka hopena.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau "Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid" hiki ke mālama i nā maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi o ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe a me lalo o ka papa hanu, ʻili a me ka ʻoiwi.

Hoʻokomo nui kekahi māka i ka maʻi ma ka genitourinary tract ma ke ʻano o ka cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, sepsis, i ulu i hope o ka hōʻeha a hānau keiki paha, a me nā maʻi o nā kuhi pelvic. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka osteomyelitis, hana ʻino i ke koko, nā mānoanoa o ka peritoneum, nā maʻi postoperative, nā mea mālama holoholona.

Pehea e lawe ai i nā paila

No kēlā me kēia mea maʻi, kahi koho i koho ʻia i kēlā me kēia, kahi i ʻike nui loa i ka maʻi, kona wahi a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā maʻi i hoʻopā ʻia e ka clavulanic acid, i ʻike ʻia. Nā papa papaʻa i kahi ʻokoʻa piha o nā mea ikaika o 0.375 g no nā pākeke a me nā keiki ma hope o 12 makahiki o ko lākou mau makahiki,, e noʻonoʻo ana i ke ʻano haʻahaʻa a me ke ʻano maʻalahi o ka maʻi, i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka papa hana 1 mau manawa i ka lā. Inā ma kahi papa i ka nui o nā kiko o nā mea hana he 1 g, ua lawe ʻia lākou 1 ʻāpana i 2 mau manawa i ka lā.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau hōʻeha ma kahi o ka papa papa o 1 papaʻa me ka nui huina o 0.625 g a i ʻole 2 papa o 0.375 g, e ka manawa 3 mau lā i ka lā.

Mākaukau e loaʻa ana i ka clavulanic acid, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka makemake e lawe wale ʻia e kāu kauka.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe

Hāʻawi ʻia ka hopena o ka lāʻau i ke kumu o ka recalculation o nā ʻike o ke ʻano maʻi ma loko. No nā keiki ma lalo o 12 mau makahiki aku, ʻaʻole ia e kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau "Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid" i ke kau ʻana i nā papa papa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohana i ka hoʻokuʻu, hoʻōla a hāʻule paha no ka hoʻohana kūloko.

Koho ʻia nā pākahi hoʻokahi a me kēlā me kēia lā e like me nā ʻano makahiki.

• ʻO nā pēpē pēpē ʻole ʻekolu mahina e kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka 0,03 g ma ka 1 kg o ka paona i ka lā no 2 mau manawa,
• mai 3 mau lā o ke ola a me nā maʻi kūlohelohe, hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā 0,025 g no 1 kg o ka paona no 2 mau manawa a he 0,02 g paha ka 1 kg o ka paona no 3 mau manawa,
• koi nā maʻi koʻikoʻi 0,045 g no 1 kg o ke kino kino i ka lā no 2 mau manawa a iʻole 0,04 g i ka 1 kg o ka paona kino i kēlā me kēia lā no 3 mau manawa,
• ʻoi aku ka ʻelemakule a me nā keiki mai nā makahiki he 12, ʻo ke kaumaha o 40 kg a i luna, hiki ke lawe i ka dosis o 0,5 g 2 mau manawa a i ʻole 0.25 g 3 mau manawa,
• no nā maʻi koʻikoʻi a me nā maʻi paha o nā ʻōpū hanu, 0.875 g 2 mau manawa i kahi lā i kau ʻia, aiʻole 0,5 g 3 mau manawa i ka lā.

ʻO ka nui loa o ka lā ma amoxicillin no nā pākeke a me nā keiki ma hope o 12 makahiki he 6 g, a no nā keiki ma lalo o 12 mau makahiki he keu - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0,045 g no 1 kg o ka paona o ke kino.

Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka nui o ka lā no ka mālama clavulanic i kēlā me kēia lā: no nā pākeke a me nā keiki ma hope o 12 mau makahiki - 600 mg, no nā pēpē ma lalo o 12 mau makahiki - 0,01 g no 1 kg o ka paona o ke kino.

Inā paʻakikī ka paʻū, hoʻōla ʻia kekahi mea no ka pākeke. No ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā palapala hana palapala, ʻo ka solvent ka wai maʻemaʻe.

Hoʻolaha ka palena paʻa no nā pākeke a me nā wā'ōpiopio ma hope o 12 mau makahiki e hiki ai i kahi papa o 1 g o ka amoxicillin 4 mau manawa i ka lā. ʻO ka nui loa i kēlā me kēia lā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 6 g. ʻO nā keiki ma lalo o ʻekolu mau makahiki a hiki i ka 12 mau makahiki o ka lawelawe ʻana he 0,025 g no 1 kg i nā papa he 3 i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia;

ʻO nā pēpē ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki o ke ʻano, ke nānā ʻia nā pēpē mua ma mua o ka 0,025 g i 1 kg i 2 mau moku i hoʻokaʻawale i kēlā me kēia lā, ma ka manawa postperinatal e ulu ana, 0,025 mg i 1 kg i 3 mau pānana i kuhikuhi ʻia.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hopena o ka hopena he mau hebedoma he nui, me ka media ʻoma otitis - e pili ana i 10 mau lā.

ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ma hope o nā hana ma hope o nā hana e mau nei ʻaʻole ma mua o 60 mau minuke i ka manawa e lawe ʻia e ka ʻimi hoʻokolokolo o 1 g o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa o ka anesthesia mua. Pono nā hana lōʻihi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o 1000 mg ma hope o nā hola 6 i kēlā lā. Inā aia ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi, e hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā lā ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lā.

ʻO ka poʻe maʻi me ka hemodialysis e kuhikuhi i ka waha 0.25 g a i ka 0.5 g no ka noi a i ʻole 500 mg e mālama ʻia ma ka intravenously. ʻO kahi hana hou aʻe ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o 1 mau manawa i ka manawa dialysis a me 1 dosis i ka pau ʻana o ka mana.