Nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau, nā hōʻiliʻili, nā loiloi

ʻO ka metformin hydrochloride he poli ʻula ʻole a me ke keʻokeʻo paha i kapa ʻia, kahi kala nui ʻia i loko o ka wai a aneane hiki ʻole ke ulu o ka eter, acetone, chloroform, he nui molekiʻo 165.63. ʻO ka metformin hydrochloride kahi lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic waha mai ka pūʻulu biguanide. Hoʻomau ka Metformin hydrochloride i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hyperglycemia, aʻo ke alakaʻi ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypoglycemia. ʻAʻohe Metogin hydrochloride i ka hopena hypoglycemic a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoulu i ka neʻe ʻana o ka insulin i nā kānaka olakino, e like me ka sulfonylureas. Hoʻonui ka Metformin hydrochloride i ka uluʻana o nā mea hoʻokomo peripheral i ka insulin a hoʻonui i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā glucose e nā cell. Hoʻopili ka Metformin hydrochloride i ka gluconeogenesis a me ka glycogenolysis, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻopauʻana o ka hana glucose glucose. Hoʻopili ka Metformin hydrochloride i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka glucose i loko o nā pāina. Hoʻonui ka metformin hydrochloride i ka hiki o ka halihali i nā ʻano o nā mea lawe i ka membrane glucose. Hana ka metformin hydrochloride ma ka glycogen synthase a hoʻoulu i ka syntys glycogen. He hopena maikaʻi ka Metformin hydrochloride ma ka lipid metabolism: ke hōʻemi nei i ka kaila o ka kolamu nui, triglycerides a me nā lipoproteins low density. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride, hoʻemi a hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ke kino o ka mea maʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hauoli ʻana i ka hopena o ka metformin hydrochloride ma kahi prophylaxis o ka maʻi mellitus i ka maʻi maʻi me nā prediabetes, he mau kumu pākēnua hou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi mellitus type 2 a me nā mea i ʻae ʻole i ka loli ke ola me ka lawa o ka holomua o ka nui o ka glucose serum.
Ke hoʻoluhi ʻia ka metformin hydrochloride ma loko o ka wahi gastrointestinal maoli a wikiwiki. ʻO ka bioavailability piha o ka metformin hydrochloride ke lawe ʻia ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole o ka 50 - 60%. ʻO ka hiki ke lōʻihi o ka metformin hydrochloride i loko o ke koko heumila ma kahi o 2 μg / ml (15 μmol) ke loaʻa ma hope o 2 - 2 mau hola. Ke lawe nei i ka metformin hydrochloride me ka meaʻai, hoʻemi ʻia ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka lāʻau a hōʻoki ʻia, e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ke koina o ka lāʻau ma ka 40%, a ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa o kona hoʻokō ʻana ma kahi o 35 mau minuke. ʻAʻole kokoke nā pale o ka metformin hydrochloride e hoʻopili i nā protein plasma a hoʻolaha koke ia i nā kūwili. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū kūlike o ka metformin hydrochloride i loko o ka serum koko i loaʻa i loko o 1 a 2 mau lā a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku 1 g / ml. ʻO ka māhele o ka puʻu metformin hydrochloride (me ka hoʻohana ʻana o 850 mg o ka lāʻau lapaʻau) mai 296 a 1012 lita. Hiki i ka metformin hydrochloride ke hōʻuluʻulu i nā koholā paʻakai, nā ʻōpū, a me nā puʻuwai. ʻO ko Metformin hydrochloride ka mea lahilahi i ka metly a hoʻoneʻe i nā keiki ma ke akea. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ke kumu o ka metformin hydrochloride i nā mea olakino e pili ana i ka 400 ml / min (350 a i 550 ml / min) (4 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hoʻopiha ʻana o creatinine), e hōʻike ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻōla wai tubular o ka lāʻau. ʻO ka hapalua o ka me ka metformin hydrochloride e like me 6.5 hola (no ka serum koko) a me 17,6 hola (no ke koko), ʻike kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ka mea hiki i ka metformin hydrochloride ke hōʻuluʻulu i loko o nā ʻoka o ke koko. Hoʻopili ʻia ka metformin hydrochloride e nā keiki i ka hapanui o ka tubular secretion i loli (90% i ka lā). I ka poʻe maʻi maʻi, ʻoi ka hapalua o ke ola o ka metformin hydrochloride a me ka nui o ka ʻike ʻana i ka lāʻau i loko o ka serum koko. In renal failed, the half-life of metformin hydrochloride increase, renal clearance emi, and i kahi pilikia o ka komulina o ka lāʻau. ʻO nā haʻawina holoholona e hoʻohana ana i ka metformin hydrochloride i nā dosis he ʻekolu mau manawa i ʻoi aku i ka nui o nā inika i kau ʻia no ke kanaka ke nānā ʻia ka pae ʻāina kino ʻaʻole i hōʻike i ka carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic waiwai a me nā hopena ma ka uluʻana.

ʻO ka maʻi mellitus type 2, ka mea nui loa i nā mea maʻi me ka momona, me ka hana ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai, me ka monotherapy a i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic waha a i ʻole insulin, ke pale aku nei i ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i nā mea maʻi me nā prediabetes he mau kumuhana hou no ka hoʻomohala ʻana. type 2 diabetes mellitus, a i loko o nā loli o ke ola ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mana glycemic kūpono.
Ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride a me nā dosis
Lawe ʻia ka Metformin hydrochloride ma ke ʻano, ka nui a me ka hoʻonā ʻana o ka Metformin hydrochloride e hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia e ke kauka.
ʻO ka pākeke ma ka monotherapy a me ka hui pū ʻana me ka metformin hydrochloride me nā lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic waha ʻē aʻe no ka type 2 diabetes mellitus: ʻo ka maʻamau ka maʻi mua o ka metformin hydrochloride he 500 a 850 mg 2 a i 3 mau manawa i ka lā i ka wā ma hope o ka ʻaina. nā lā e kau ana i nā hopena o ke ana ʻana i ka pae o ka glucose i ka serum o ke koko, ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka hoʻouluʻana i ka wai e kōkua i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā hopena ʻino o ka metformin hydrochloride mai ka pūnaehana ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana. maopopo ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride he 1500 - 2000 mg i ka lā i ka lā 2 a me 3 mau inika, ʻoi ka nui o nā laʻana i koho ʻia ʻo nā metformin hydrochloride he 3000 mg, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 3 mau kakā, i ka wā e hoʻolālā ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana mai kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic ʻē aʻe, pono ʻoe e ʻae e lawe i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻohana ʻana metformin hydrochloride ma luna o kēia kikoʻī.
ʻO ka pākeke me ka hui pū o ka metformin hydrochloride me ka insulin: e hoʻokō ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nui o ka glucose serum, metformin hydrochloride a me ka insulin i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻopili hui, ʻo ka maʻi maʻamau maʻamau mua o ka metformin hydrochloride he 500 a 850 mg 2-3 mau manawa. lā, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ʻano o ka insulin i ka ʻike o ka glucose i loko o ka serum koko.
I nā keiki i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau makahiki, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka metformin hydrochloride e like me ka monotherapy a me ka hui pū me ka insulin, ʻo ka maʻamau maʻamau maʻamau o ka metformin hydrochloride he 500 a 850 mg hoʻokahi lā i ka lā a ma hope o ka ʻai, pono e hoʻoponopono i ka nui o ka metformin hydrochloride ma hope o 10 - 15 mau lā ma Ma muli o nā hopena o ke ana ʻana i ka pae o ka glucose i ka serum o ke koko, ʻo ka nui o ke koina i hāpai ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā o metformin hydrochloride he 2000 mg, mahele ʻia i 2 a 3 mau dosis.
ʻO ka Monotherapy me ka metformin hydrochloride e pili ana i ka prediabetes: ʻo ka maʻamau ka nui o kēlā me kēia lā he 1000 - 1700 mg, i ʻoka ʻia i ʻelua inikua, i ka manawa a ma hope o ka ʻai paha, i mea e loiloi ai i ka pono no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride, ua makemake ʻia e kiaʻi pinepine i ka pae o ka glucose i ka serum koko.
Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka metformin hydrochloride i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi pīhoihoi maʻalahi (me ka hana ʻana i hana i ka hana 45 - 59 ml / min) i ka waiho wale ʻana o nā kūlana e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻowalewale o ka lactic acidosis, ka hopena mua o ka metformin hydrochloride he 500 mg a 850 mg hoʻokahi i ka lā, he nui loa i kēlā me kēia lā o ka nui o ka metformin hydrochloride he 1000 mg, mahele ʻia i ʻelua inikua. Pono ka mākaukau o nā ʻāina me ka mālama pono ʻana o kēlā me kēia 3 i ka 6 mau mahina. Inā hōʻemi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa creinine ma lalo o 45 ml / min, e hoʻopau koke i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride.
ʻO nā mea maʻi ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o ka hōʻemi o ka moku hana o nā keiki, e pono ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka lāʻau o ka metformin hydrochloride ma lalo o ka mālama pinepine ʻana i nā māka hana renal (hoʻonāukiuki o ka plasma creatinine i liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 2 a 4 mau manawa i ka makahiki).
Pono ka Metformin hydrochloride i kēlā me kēia lā, me ke kīkē ʻole. Ma ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka lāʻau, pono ka mea maʻi e hoʻomaopopo i kāu kauka olakino e pili ana i kēia.
Pono e hōʻoia ʻia ka maʻi o ka maʻi mellitus type 2 ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride.
I ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride, pono e nānā pinepine i ka hana pilikino o ka huehue, ka kānalua glomerular, a me ka wikiwiki a me ka hoʻōla ʻana i loko o ka serum o ke koko. Eia kekahi, e nānā pono ai ka nānā ʻana o ka kukū serum glucose i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka metformin hydrochloride i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau hypoglycemic ʻē aʻe (e komo pū ana me ka insulin, repaglinide, sulfonylureas, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou).
Ka lactic acidosis ka ʻokoʻa, akā koʻikoʻi (make nui (ka make me ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka hana ʻoi aku ka hoʻopiʻi) hoʻopōmaikaʻi paha e ulu i ka hopena o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride. Basically, lactic acidosis me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi mellitus a me nā pilikia ʻole o ka pilikia. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka pilikia, e like me ke kaosisosis, decompensated diabetes mellitus, ka wā lōʻihi i ka wā ʻai, ka hōʻoki ʻana o ka ate, ka mea ʻawaʻawa, a me kekahi ʻano e pili ana me ka hypoxia koʻikoʻi Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻopauʻana i ka uluʻana o ka acidact lactic. Pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka loaʻa o ka acidact lactic acid me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hōʻailona nonspecific, no ka laʻana, ka ʻili o ka naʻau, ka mea i hui pū ʻia e ka ʻeha ʻeha, nā maʻi dyspeptic, he asiniaia koʻikoʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ka acidact lactic i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka hoʻokaʻawale o acidotic, ʻo ka hanu o ka hypothermia me kahi coma hou. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana makemakika Diagnostic he emi ka koko o ka pH (ma lalo o 7.25), kahi pae plasma o lactate o ka nui o ka 5 mmol / l, kahi ākea anion nui a me ka ratio o ka lactate i ka pyruvate. Inā kānalua ka metabolic acidosis, pono e pani i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride a kūkā koke i kahi kauka. I ka wā o ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride, pono e hoʻoholo i ka plasma o ka lactate plasma o ka liʻiliʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a me ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka myalgia. Me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka metformin lactate, hoʻopau ʻia ka hydrochloride.
I nā poʻe maʻi e hoʻohana mau ana i ka metformin hydrochloride, pono e hoʻoholo i ka neʻe ʻana o ka vitamina B12 hoʻokahi i ka makahiki ma muli o kahi hiki ke emi i kona komo ʻana. Inā ʻike ʻia ka anemia megaloblastic i ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride, hiki i ka manawa ke hōʻemi i ka pae ʻana o nā huaora B12 (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride) e noʻonoʻo pono ai.
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka hopena ʻino mai ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride a ma ka nui o nā hihia i hele like ʻole ia. No kā lākou pale ʻana, pono ia e lawe i ka metformin hydrochloride ʻelua a ʻekolu mau manawa i ka lā ma hope o a i ka wā o ka pāʻina. Hoʻonui lohi nei i ka hoʻonaninani o ke metformin hydrochloride e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka gastrointestinal i ka lāʻau.
I ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride, hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana hepatobiliary (me ka hepatitis, ʻike ʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka hana o ka pepeka) a me nā mea e nalowale nei ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka lāʻau.
No ka mea ua hoʻopili ʻia ka metformin hydrochloride e nā keiki, pono ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana ʻana ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi makahiki i nā makahiki me nā maʻi maʻi maʻamau, a ma kahi o 2-4 mau manawa i kēlā makahiki i nā maʻi maʻi a me nā mea maʻi clearance hana ma ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka maʻamau. Me ka hana hoʻopihapiha hanaʻana ma lalo o 45 ml / min, ua contraindicated ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride. Pono ka mālama kūikawā e mālama ʻia i ka hiki ke hoʻopulapula o ke ʻano hana o nā keiki i loko o nā poʻe maʻi maʻi, me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka diuretics o nā lāʻau antihypertensive, nā lāʻau lapaʻau anti-inflammatory.
Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Metformin hydrochloride he 48 mau hola ma mua o nā hana ʻokiʻoki i hoʻolālā ʻia a hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ʻaʻole ma mua o 48 mau hola ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka hana pono kīloi i hana maʻamau i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo.
ʻO ka maʻi me ka puʻuwai naʻau e hoʻohana ai i ka Metformin hydrochloride he nui ka nui o ka hoʻouluʻana o ka pilikia renal a me ka hypoxia. ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e pono i ka mālama pinepine ʻana i ka naʻau a me ka hana ʻana o ka hana inā hoʻohana i ka metformin hydrochloride. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride i ka hiki ʻole o ka puʻuwai me ka hemodynamics paʻa.
I nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e mau ana i hoʻokahi makahiki, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i pili ka metformin hydrochloride i ka ulu a me ka puberty. Akā i ka nānāʻana o ka hemahema o nā haʻawina lōʻihi, ʻoi aku e mālama pono i ka hopena ma hope o ka metformin hydrochloride ma luna o kēia mau ʻōkuhi i nā keiki, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka wā ʻōpiopio. Pono nā keiki he 10 a 12 paha i ka nui e nānā pono ai.
Nā ʻikepili i hoʻopuka ʻia, a me ka ʻike data post-marketing, a me ka ʻikepili mai nā hoʻokolohua paʻa i ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā keiki (10 a 16 makahiki paha) e hōʻike ana i nā hopena ʻino i nā keiki he like ia i ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻano i ka poʻe maʻi maʻi.
I ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride, pono e hoʻomau nā mea maʻi e hahai i kahi papaʻai me ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i nā haʻalulu a i ke ao. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea maʻi ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride e hoʻomau i ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻai hypocaloric (akā, ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 1000 kilocalories i kēlā lā).
I ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride, e hana pono ʻia nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau paahana e pono ai e mālama i ka maʻi maʻi.
Me ka monotherapy, metformin hydrochloride, ʻaʻole i kumu o ka hypoglycemia, akā, pono e mālama ʻia i ka wā e hoʻohana pū ai me ka insulin a me nā lāʻau hypoglycemic ʻē aʻe (no ka laʻana, repaglinide, sulfonylurea derivatives, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Hoʻomaka ʻia ka lāʻau hoʻohui me ka metformin hydrochloride a me ka insulin e lawe ʻia aku i loko o kahi hale hoʻomaha a hiki i kahi lawa pono ʻana o kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride no ka kaohi ʻana o ke ʻano maʻi mellitus type 2 i nā mea maʻi me ka prediabetes a me nā mea hou aku no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano diabetes mellitus ʻano maʻamau, e like me ke ʻano huina o ke kino o 35 a ʻoi aku paha kg / m ^ 2, mau makahiki a emi mai ka 60 mau makahiki, ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi gestational. triglycerides kiʻekiʻe, kahi mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi maʻamau i nā hoahānau aloha mua, hypertension, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAʻohe ʻikepili i ka hopena maikaʻi o nā kaona i ʻōlelo ʻia ai nā metformin hydrochloride e hiki ai i ka hana i nā hana pōpilikia e pono ai ka piʻi ʻana o ka nānā a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor. Akā, pono e hana pono i ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e hana ai i kēia mau hana i ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride, ʻoi aku ka wā i hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā lāʻau hypoglycemic ʻē aʻe (repaglinide, derivative sulfonylurea, insulin), e like me nā hopenaʻino, a me ka hypoglycemia, i hiki ke ʻano, hana i nā hana kūlohelohe kūpono e koi ai i ka piʻi nui o ka nānā a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor (komo ka hoʻokele Lenie kaa, hana). Pono ʻoe e hōʻole e hana i kēia mau ʻano hana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano kuhi hewa, e komo pū ana me ka hypoglycemia, i ke kumu o ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau.

Nā Hoʻohui

Hypersensitivity (hui pū me nā mea kōkua o ka lāʻau), precoma diabetes, diabetes coma, ketoacidosis maʻa, aʻala o ka metabolabia a metabolic, renal gagal a hana ʻole paha i ka hana renalally (me ka hana ma lalo o ka hana ma lalo o 45 ml / min) nā maʻiʻeha e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka kiko hypoxia (me ka helu ʻana o ka naʻau puʻuwai me ka hemodynamics unstable, ʻeha ʻO ka hapa o ka puʻuwai, ka huina myocardial infarction, ka huhū hana), nā maʻi kūlohelohe e ulu ana me ka hopena o ka hana renal impaired (me ka dehydration (me ka luaʻi, ʻehaʻeha), nā maʻi hopohopo koʻikoʻi, pīhoihoi), nāhele ʻole o ka huina, ka huina o ka puʻuwai holoʻokoʻa, ākea hana ʻoi a me ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi insulin, ka ʻalo ʻana o ka waiʻona momona, ka ʻona hoʻonaninani, ka acidosis lactic (me ka mōʻaukala), i ka wā o ʻelua mau lā ma mua a i loko o ʻelua mau lā ma hope o nā haʻawina ʻo X-ray a i ʻole radioisotope me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kahi mea kūlohelohe iodine e pili ana, ka hoʻomau ʻana i kahi pāʻina haʻahaʻa-haʻahaʻa (emi iho ma mua o 1000 kilokalona i kēlā lā), lactation, hapai, hapai a hiki i ka 10 mau makahiki, mau a hiki i 18 mau makahiki (me ke ʻano nui. dosage form), nā mea maʻi e hana i ka hana kino olakino (hoʻonui i ka nui o ka lactic acidosis).

ʻŌpū a me ka lactation

ʻO ka maʻi mellitus maʻi kuʻi ʻole i ka wā hāpai a pili i ka nui o ka make o ka maʻi perinatal a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka malenino congenital. ʻO ka hapa iki o nā ikepili e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride e nā wahine i ka wā hāpai a ʻaʻole e hoʻonui i ka hōʻemi o ka mauʻu congenital i loko o nā keiki. ʻAʻohe hana kūpono a lawa paʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride i ka wā hāpai ʻana ʻaʻole i alakaʻi. Ke hoʻolālā nei i ka wā hapai, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāpai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride inā he prediabetes a me nā type 2 diabetes mellitus, pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka metformin hydrochloride, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻana no ke ʻano maʻi diabetes mellitus. I ka wā e hāpai ana i ka mālama ʻia, pono ke mālama ʻia ka hoʻonaninani serum ma ka pae kokoke i ka maʻamau, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka hopena o ka maʻi fetal. Hoʻopili ʻia ka metformin hydrochloride ma ka umauma wai. ʻAʻole i nānā ʻia kahi pōʻino i loko o nā pēpē hou me ka wā o ka umauma i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka lāʻau. Akā ma muli o ka hapa nui o ka ʻike, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. I ka wā e mālama ai me ka metformin hydrochloride, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ka pale umauma.

Nā hopena ʻokoʻa o ka metformin hydrochloride

Pūnaehana ʻōpiopio, psyche a me nā ʻuhane hoʻowalewale: lau kuhi hewa.
Pūnaehana Cardiovascular, ka lymphatic ʻōnaehana a me ke koko (hemostasis, hoʻokumu koko) anemia megaloblastic (ma muli o ka malabsorption o ka vitamin B12 a me ka waikawa folic).
ʻ systemnaehana digestive: nausea, huehue, luaʻi, ʻeha ʻeha, nele i ka momona, anorexia, flatulence, ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ʻōpū metallic i loko o ka waha, hepatitis, ʻokoʻa ka hana pono o ka hana huakaʻi.
Ka hoʻohālike a me ke olakino lactic acidosis (ka hiamoe, nāwaliwali, kūlohelohe bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, ʻeha hanu, myalgia, ʻeha ʻōpū, hypothermia), hypoglycemia, hoʻēmi i ka lawe ʻana o ka huaora B12 (me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride).
Nā kūmole, nā membrane mucous a me nā ʻili subcutaneous: ʻiliʻili o ke kino, ʻehaʻeha, ʻula, dermatitis, ʻohi.

ʻO ka pilina o ka metformin hydrochloride me nā meaola ʻē aʻe

Me ka hikiʻole o ka hana renal i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi mellitus, kahi hōʻike radiological e hoʻohana ana i ka lāʻau me ka radiopaque iodine e loaʻa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka waika lactic acidosis. No laila, e hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride e pili ana i ka hana maʻa o nā palupalu 48 mau hola ma mua a i ka manawa o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana X-ray e hoʻohana ana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka radiopaque iodine a ʻaʻole i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i loko o kahi mau hola 48 ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana. maʻamau. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me ka yodine e hoʻopili ana i ka radiopaque hoʻomākaukau e contraindicated no ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ʻelua mau lā ma mua a i loko o nā lā ʻelua ma hope o ka noi ʻana radiological a radioisotope paha.
Me ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride i loko o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻawaʻawa o ka wai, e piʻi ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka acidosis lactic, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hina ʻana, ka maʻi palaka, a me ka ʻai haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me ka mea inu wai. ʻOiai e lawe aku i ka metformin hydrochloride, waiʻona a me nā lāʻau e loaʻa ana ka ethanol. ʻO ka metformin hydrochloride ʻaʻole kūlike me ka waiʻona ma muli o ka hopena o ka lactic acidosis.
Hoʻohui ʻole ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me danazole e pale ai i ka hopena hyperglycemic o ka mea hope. Inā pono, ʻo ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me danazole, a ma hope o ka oki ʻana i ka hope, pono ke hoʻoponopono i ke ʻano o ka metformin hydrochloride ma lalo o ka hoʻomalu ʻana o ka pae o ka serum glucose. I ka wā o ka hoʻohana hoʻohui ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me danazole, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, e nānā pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka hoʻonaʻauao serum, pono hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana.
ʻO Chlorpromazine i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā koina nui (100 mg i kēlā me kēia lā) hoʻonui i ka maʻi glucose i loko o ka serum koko ma ke hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu o ka insulin. Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me nā antipsychotics a i ke oki ʻana i ka hoʻoluhi ʻana o ka hopena, pono ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride ma lalo o ka kāohi o ka pilina o ka serum. I ka wā o ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me nā antipsychotics, pono e mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana, e nānā pono pinepine ʻia ka serum glucose i ka holo ʻana, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaka o ka mālama ʻana.
ʻO ka glucocorticosteroids kūloko a me ke olakino e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose, hoʻonui i ka glucose serum, i kekahi manawa ke kumu ketosis. Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me glucocorticosteroids a ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka hope, pono nui ke hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka metformin hydrochloride ma lalo o ka kaohi o ka ʻaʻā o ka glucose i loko o ka serum koko. I ka wā o ka hoʻohana hoʻohui ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me glucocorticosteroids, pono e mālama ʻia, e nānā pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka glucose i ka serum, akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana.
Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me ka diuretics loop, hiki i ka lactic acidosis ke hoʻomohala ma muli o ka hana renal impaired. ʻAʻole pono ke hoʻohana ʻia ka metformin me ka diuretics loop inā he mahele ke hana ma kahi o 60 ml / min. Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me ka diuretics loop, e koi pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka pilina o ka serum glucose, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaka o ka hopena. Inā kūpono, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano o ka metformin hydrochloride i ka wā o ka hoʻohana pū ʻana a ma hope o kona hoʻopau ʻana.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike o ka launa pū me ke ʻano hoʻokahi i loko o nā limahana olakino e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka plasma kiʻekiʻe (e 22%) a me ka wahi i lalo o ka pāpaʻi kukū pharmacokinetic - manawa (15%) o ka metformin hydrochloride (me ka nui o nā loli nui i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka hanana metformin hydrochloride), Hoʻomau ka metformin hydrochloride i ka lōʻihi o ke kaila plasma (ma o 31%), ʻo ka wahi ma lalo o ka kukū kukū pharmacokinetic - manawa (ma ka 12%) a me ka hapalua-ola (e 32%) o furosemide (me ka nui o ka nui) hoʻololi i kaʻaʻa puʻuwaiʻae o ka furosemide). ʻAʻohe ʻikepili i ka pili o ka furosemide a me ka metformin hydrochloride me ka hoʻohana lōʻihi.
ʻO ka agonists Beta-2-adrenergic no ka hoʻomehana makua e hoʻonui i ka kaila o ka glucose i loko o ka serum koko, hoʻoulu hou i nā mea hoʻokele beta-2-adrenergic. Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me beta-2-adrenergic agonists, pono e kāohi i ka ʻaila o ka glucose i loko o ka serum o ke koko, a inā pono, ʻōlelo ʻia ke koho ʻana i ka insulin. Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me beta-2-adrenergic agonists, pono e nānā pinepine ʻia ka serum glucose kukina, ʻano nui i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hopena. Inā kūpono, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano o ka metformin hydrochloride i ka wā o ka hoʻohana pū ʻana a ma hope o kona hoʻopau ʻana.
ʻO nā lāʻau Antihypertensive, ma kahi o ka angiotensin e hoʻohuli ana i ka inhibitor enzim, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae serum glucose. Inā pono, ia pono e hoʻohana pū ʻia ka lāʻau antihypertensive a me ka metformin hydrochloride, pono e mālama ʻia ka nui o ka metformin hydrochloride.
Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride me ka insulin, derivatives sulfonylurea, salicylates, acarbose, hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypoglycemia. Inā pono e hoʻohui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau lāʻau a me ka metformin hydrochloride, pono e mālama pono.
ʻO ka Nifedipine, i ka wā i hoʻohana pū ʻia, hoʻonui i ka hoʻowalewale a me ka hoʻokolo ʻana o ka plasma kiʻekiʻe o ka metformin hydrochloride, pono e mālama ʻia i ka wā e hui pū ʻia ai me ka nifedipine a me ka metformin hydrochloride. I loko o ka wai hoʻokahi i loko o nā limahana olakino, ʻoi aku ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka momona a me ka hapa o ka metformin hydrochloride i ka hapalua o ka manawa o ka metformin hydrochloride.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau cationic (me ka digoxin, amiloride, morphine, procainamide, quinidine, ranitidine, quinine, trimethoprim, triamteren, vancomycin) nā mea huna ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana o ka renal a, inā hoʻohana pū ʻia, hoʻokūkū me ka metformin hydrochloride no nā ʻāpana ʻana i ka tubular a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka plasma plasma (60) %) metformin hydrochloride. Inā pono e hoʻohui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau lāʻau a me ka metformin hydrochloride, pono e mālama pono.
Ke hui pū ia, cimetidine lohi i ka kinai o metformin hydrochloride, e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o ka maʻi lactic acidosis.
Hiki i ka metformin hydrochloride ke emi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o cyanocobalamin (ka bitamina B12).
ʻO ka hopena o ka metformin hydrochloride nā nāwaliwali e ka diuretics, phenothiazines, glucocorticosteroids, glucagon, estrogens (me ke ʻano o nā kūmole waha), nā hormone thyroid, phenytoin, epinephrine, calcium antagonist, nicotinic acid, isoniazid, sympathomimetics.
Hoʻonui ka hua hypoglycemic o ka metformin hydrochloride e nā derivatives sulfonylurea, insulin, acarbose, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, oxytetracycline, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, angiotensin e hoʻohuli ana i ka hoʻōla o ka enzyme, cyclophosphamide, clofibrenobrate, beta derivatives.
Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride a me azilsartan medoxomil, ʻaʻohe i nānā ʻia ke ʻano pharmacokinetic.

Ke keu

Me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka metformin hydrochloride ma kahi o ka 85 g, ʻaʻohe hanana o ka hypoglycemia, akā ma kēia hihia ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka lactic acidosis, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka ʻōpū, ʻeha, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻehaʻeha, ka wikiwiki o ke kaumaha, ka maʻi ʻana, nā mea ʻike ʻole, hoʻomohala i nā coma. . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā ʻōmole nui o ka metformin hydrochloride a i ʻole nā hopena pilikia e pili ana i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomōhala lactic acidosis.
E hoʻolaʻa: i ka wā e lawe ai i ka nui o ka metformin hydrochloride, pono ka nui o ka gastric, inā i ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka lactic acidosis, metformin hydrochloride therapy, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mea maʻi a hoʻoliʻi ʻia ka lactate konsentrate, ʻoi aku ka hopena maikaʻi loa e wehe i ka metformin hydrochloride a lactate he hemodialysis. lāʻau, pono ke kaohi i ke kahe o ka glucose, mea hana, urea, lactate, electrolytes i ka serum Otke koko. ʻAʻohe mea antidote kikoʻī.

ʻO nā inoa kālepa no nā mea lapaʻau me ka mea ikaika e metformin hydrochloride

Bagomet®
ʻO Glyformin®
ʻO Glyformin Prolong®
Hopu Uila®
ʻO ka lōʻihi Glucofage®
Diaspora
Diaformin® OD
Langerine®
Methadiene
ʻO Metospanin
Metfogamma® 500
Metfogamma® 850
Metfogamma® 1000
Metformin
Metformin Zentiva
Canon Metformin
Me lōʻihi Metformin
Metformin MV-Teva
Metformin Novartis
Metformin Sandoz®
ʻO Metformin Richter
ʻO ka Metformin teva
Metformin hydrochloride
Nova Met
NovoFormin®
Siofor® 500
Siofor® 850
Siofor® 1000
Sofamet®
Formin®
Puka Plin

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻohui:
Vildagliptin + ʻOluola Manupola: Galvus Met,
Glibenclamide + Metformin hydrochloride: Bagomet Plus®, Glibomet®, Glucovans®, Gluconorm®, Metglib®, Metglib® Force,
Glyclazide + Metformin hydrochloride: Glimecomb®,
Glimepiride + Metformin hydrochloride: Amaryl® M,
Linagliptin + Metformin hydrochloride: Gentadueto®,
Metformin hydrochloride + Rosiglitazone: Avandamet,
Metformin hydrochloride + Saksagliptin: Combogliz Prolong®,
Metformin hydrochloride + Sibutramine + Microcrystalline cellulose: Reduxin® Met,
Metformin hydrochloride + Sitagliptin: Janumet.

Mākaukau a me nā ʻano o nā mea

Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ʻo Metformin ma ka ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka makahiki 1922 e Emil Werner a me James Bell ma ke ʻano he huahana i ke kāpili ʻana o N, N-dimethylguanidine. I ka makahiki 1929, ua ʻike ʻo Slotta lāua ʻo Cheshe i kona hopena hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hilahila, me ka ʻike ʻana ʻo ia ka ikaika loa o nā biguanides a lākou i aʻo ai. Ua poina ia mau hopena, e like me nā hana ma nā kikowaena guanidine ʻē aʻe, e like me ka synthalin, i ka kaulana o ka insulin.

ʻO ka hoihoi i ka metformin, akā naʻe, i ka hopena i ka makahiki 1940.I ka makahiki 1950, ua ʻike ʻia he metformin, ʻaʻole e like me kekahi mau pūhui like like, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻemi i ke koko a me ka puʻuwai o ka puʻuwai i nā holoholona. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻohana ke kauka Pelekikena ʻo Eusebio Garcia i metformin (kahi i kāhea aku ai ʻo ia fluamine) no ka mālamaʻana i kahi hopena maʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau "hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kōpaʻa koko me ka pae liʻiliʻi o ka physiological kiʻekiʻe" i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea maʻi a ʻaʻole i nā mea laʻa. ʻO Garcia hoʻi i manaʻoʻiʻo ka metformin he bacteriostatic, antiviral, antimalarial, antipyretic, a me nā hopena analgesic. I kekahi mau nūpepa i 1954, ua hiki ʻole i ka lāʻau lapaʻau Polani Janusz Supnevsky ke hōʻoia i ka hapa nui o kēia mau hopena, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koko koko, akā ua nānā ʻo ia i kekahi mau hopena antiviral i loko o nā kānaka.

Ma ka Halemai Salpetriere, ua aʻo ʻia ʻo ka maʻi kanikani Farani ʻo Jean Stern i ka waiwai o ke kōkōlima o ka galegin (kahi alkaloid i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka mākeke o ke kao), ka mea pili me ka metformin, a nānā i kona wā pōkole ma ke ʻano he antidiabetic agent ma mua o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o synthalines. Ma hope mai, ʻoiai ʻo ia e hana ana i nā limahana ʻo Aron i Palisa, hōʻike hou ʻo ia i ka hana hoʻohiolo kālā o ka metformin a me kekahi mau biguanides like ʻole. ʻO Stern ka mea mua i hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana i ka metformin no ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi maʻi i nā kānaka, ua hui ʻo ia i ka inoa ʻo "Glucophagus" (Eng. "Hoʻolaha"-" glucose eater ") no kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a paʻi i kona mau hopena i ka makahiki 1957.

Ua loaʻa i Metformin i ka British National Form ma 1958 a ua kūʻai mua ʻia ʻo ia ma UK.

ʻO ke hoihoi ākea o ka metformin i ola hou wale nō ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i nā hana biguanides mai ke kaʻa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka makahiki 1970. Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Metformin ma Kanada i 1972, a i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i apono ʻia e ka FDA no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi type 2 wale nō i ka makahiki 1994. Ua laikini ʻia e Bristol-Myers Squibb, ʻo Glucophage ka inoa kālepa mua loa no ka metformin i kūʻai ʻia ma United States e hoʻomaka ana i ka lā Malaki 3, 1995. Loaʻa nā loea i nā ʻāina he nui, a manaʻo ʻia ka metformin e hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau antidiabetic e ʻōlelo maʻamau i ka honua.

Mākaukau a me nā ʻano o nā mea hoʻoponopono |He aha ka mea Metformin?

"Metformin" a me kāna mauʻikepili - hypoglycemic drug i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes - ʻoiai ke ʻano lua, akā i kekahi mau mea, lawe ʻia ka lāʻau a me nā ʻano mua. Mai kona hoʻomaka ʻana i ka makahiki 1957, ua noho mau ʻo Metformin i ke alakaʻi maʻamau i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, kaomi like me nā ʻōwili e like me ka obesity. Hoʻokomo ka Insulin i ka wehe ʻana o ka momona, a me Metformin, hoʻemi ʻana i ka ʻomo o ka insulin i loko o ke kino, kōkua i ke ʻano o ia mea. ʻO ia ma muli o kēia hana he nui nā kānaka e hoʻohana ana i ka Metformin e like me nā pāʻaiʻai meaʻai.

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā papa "Metformin"

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā papa i ka mea waiwai me ka metformin hydrochloride, ka mea i hana ʻia mai nā mea kūlohelohe i loaʻa mai ka lilac French a me ke aʻa kao. ʻO nā mea hōʻemi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau he talc, mais stearate, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide, a me ka povidone K90, crospovidone a macrogol 6000.

Nā hōʻailona no ka Metformin

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo "Metformin" - nā papa i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka diabetes mellitus type 2 me ka makemake ʻole o ka ketoacidosis (metabolism ka hopena kīnā ma muli o ka nele o ka insulin). Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā mea maʻi o ka momona, inā ʻaʻole pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia kekahi, me ka obesity, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia i ka hui pū me ka insulin.

Me kahi maʻi maʻi e like me ka diabetes mellitus, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā papa Metformin e like me ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, a me ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau hoʻokaʻina o nā hilo o nā hui ʻē aʻe, inā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ke ʻano lua. Ma ka ʻano mua, kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ia i kahi hoʻohui i ka therapy insulin.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ʻepekema hou nei me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o Metformin i ka mālama ʻana i ka oncology pili i ka maʻi maʻi.

Hana hana Metformin

Hoʻonui ka Metformin i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o nā sel i ka insulin. Hōʻike ka pae o ke koko a me ke kolamu. ʻO nā mea ikaika o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻōla i ke kaʻina o ka momona oxidation, mai ʻae i ka palaka ʻia, e pale i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā momona i loko o ke kino.

Hoʻomaka ka Insulin i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā momona, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pilikia pilikia (ʻoi loa ma ka ʻōpū). No laila, hoʻokumu ka hapa nui i nā meaʻai i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā meaʻai i hoʻonui i ke kō i ke kō. Hoʻopake pū kekahi ʻo Metformin i ka pōloli ma muli o ka insulin.

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano helu

"Metformin" - nā kihi pālahalaha o 500, 850 a me 1000 mg, kahi i loaʻa i nā poli o nā ʻāpana he 10 a kēlā me kēia. Hoʻomaka ka Therapy i ka 500-1000 mg i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ia hoʻi, 1-2 mau papa. ʻO ka hopena, ma muli o ke kau o ke kō i loko o ke koko, hiki ke hoʻonui mālie ʻia ma hope o nā lā 10-15 mua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, akā ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 3000 mg i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka dosis mālama mālama he 1000-2000 mg (nā papaʻaina 3-4). "ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻo Metformin" i ke kau ʻana ma loko o kahi kaomi ʻana ma kahi o 1000 mg i kēlā me kēia lā no ka poʻe ʻelemakule.

Lawe ʻia nā papa ʻai i ka wā a ma hope o ka ʻaina, holoi ʻia me ka wai. I kekahi manawa ke kū nei ka nīnau e pili ana i ka papa ʻaina ("Metformin") i ka mahele. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi hapa o 500 mg, a laila ʻaʻole pono kēia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi ka palena haʻahaʻa i ka hopena i makemake ʻia, a ʻaʻole makemake ʻia e uha i ka membrane inā e uhi ana i ka papa. Inā maʻalahiʻole ka moni ʻana no ka nui o ka nui, a laila hiki ke māhele ʻia i ke ʻelua a lawe ʻia i nā ʻāpana - akā ʻo ka manawa koke kekahi, ma hope o kekahi.

No ka hiki iā Metformin hiki ke hāʻawi i nā hopena i ka ʻeha o ka gastrointestinal, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻona i kēlā me kēia lā, akā i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha nā lā i ka lā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me nā meaʻai. Inā mālama ʻia nā hilahila metabolic koʻikoʻi, pono e hōʻemi ʻia ka ʻona.

I ka hihia nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i ka manawa like i ka wā e lawe ai ʻoe i ka Metformin (nā papa), i nā kuhikuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻike e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻohui pū me Metformin ka mea hiki ʻole. Pono hoʻi e kūkā me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka launa pū ʻana o nā ʻano lāʻau like me Metformin.

I ka nui o nā hihia, makemake nui nā mea maʻi i nā analogues o nā lāʻau lapaʻau - ʻoi aku ia a ʻoi aku paha ka hopena, e like me inā makemake lākou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi. "Metformin" he nui nā analogue e like kahi kuʻina e like me nā hana. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ʻo Glucofage a me Siofor, kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa e ʻike ʻia ai i Metformin, a me kekahi o nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ana nā ʻano like ʻole, ma muli o kā lākou hana ʻana i ke kino a loaʻa nā hōʻailona like ʻole no ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻO nā papa lāʻau Metformin. Hiki i nā loiloi o nā analogue ke heluhelu i ka Pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻōlelo aʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana e kiʻi i nā hoʻoholo a koho i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa.

Nā kikowaena o Metformin:

Bagometua,
Hexal
Aloha,
Gliminfor,
ʻO Metospanin
"Metfogamma" (500, 850, 1000),
Nova Met
Aliia,
Sofamet
"Formin" a me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.
Siofor (500, 850, 1000) - kahi lāʻau lapaʻau Keleman i lawe ʻia i ka maʻi maʻamau, he hopena hypoglycemic, kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi loa no nā inikini insulin.

ʻO Glucofage, ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o Metformin, akā i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai, nā mea maʻi he 50 pakeneka ka emi iki mai ka pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana o ka gastrointestinal. "Hōʻike ʻia ka" Glucophage "no ke ʻano maʻi lua, e hoʻohana kūʻokoʻa ʻole a e hui pū me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻano "Glucophage lōʻihi" ke lōʻihi ka manawa.

ʻO ka mea maoli, aia kēia mau lāʻau āpau i ke kānāwai like o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kino, no ka mea he mea hoʻokahi ko lākou kumu.

Aia pū kekahi mau meaʻai meaʻai e kōkua ai i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā pae:

"Vijar" (hoʻēmi i ka kolamu, hana i ka ʻōnaehana pale, pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi a me nā maʻi bacterial).
"Spirulina" (maikaʻi no ka hōʻea o ka metabola, i ka hakakā ʻana me ke kaumaha nui)
ʻO Glucberry (hoʻemi i ka hopena o nā hoʻopiʻi o ka maʻi maʻi) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Akā, ʻaʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kahi mea hoʻolako meaʻai e hoʻopili hou ʻia no ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻohui i ka hana maʻamau. Eia kekahi, ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā mea hoʻolako meaʻai, pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke kauka e pili ana i kēia.

"Metformin" no ke maʻi maʻi maʻi

"Metformin" kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau antidiabetic maikaʻi loa i kēia lā. He mea maikaʻi loa ia i ka mālama ʻana o ka mellitus type type 2, hiki ke lawe ʻia i ka hui ʻana me ka insulin, a ua koho ʻia ke ʻano ma muli o ka nui o ka glucose i ke koko.

Ma ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, e kāpae ana i ka glucogenesis me ka ʻole e pili i ka pae o ka insulin i ke koko. Hoʻonui ʻo ia i ke kahe o ke koko i ka puʻuwai, ma muli o ka glucose i huli a lilo i ka glycogen.

I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lua o ka maʻi maʻi, hiki i ke ʻano ʻo Metformin no ke ola. Inā ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka hui pū me nā mea hana hypoglycemic ʻē aʻe, pono e nānā i nā pae glucose i pale ai i ka hypoglycemia. Me kahi ʻokoʻa hoʻokaʻawale o ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole i kūkulu ka hypoglycemia.

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ka mālama ʻana o nā mea maʻi me ka momona, e hui pū pinepine ana i ka maʻi diabetes, me ka pale ʻana i ka makemake a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hūnā o ka glucose mai ka meaʻai ma loko o ka huina.

Ma ke ʻano mua, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka insulin a me nā lāʻau maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe; ka ʻokoʻa, hiki ke lawe wale i ka maʻi maʻamau ʻo 2. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana me Metformin, pono e hoʻōki ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā mea hana e like me hypoglycemic.

Loaʻa i ka hopena me Metformin ka hopena maikaʻi i ka mua o ka metabolic syndrome a me ka metabolism lipolima.

ʻO ka ʻāpana Metabolic kahi kūlana o ke kino kahi i hui pū i kekahi o nā mea: ke kīloi i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka paleʻana i ka maʻi, ʻeha ka mea maʻi mai ka arertial hypertension, obesity, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi me ka hoʻonui ʻia aʻe o ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi cardiovascular. Ma ka puʻuwai o kēia ʻano, ʻo ka pale ʻana o ka insulin, ka mea, e like me nā noi ʻana ʻepekema hou, e pili kokoke ana i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka hōʻino.

E like me ka lipid metabolism mau maʻi, ma muli o nā haʻawina i ʻike ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o ka triglycerides, huakaʻi kolene a me LDL inā e lawe ʻoe i nā papa pālela ʻo Metformin. ʻO nā ʻōlelo a nā kānaka ʻepekema e pili ana i kēia lāʻau pili ana i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka hana pono i ka pale ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau 2 i ka hōʻole ʻana i ke kala ʻana i nā pākūkā.

"Metformin" no ka poho kaumaha

ʻO nā waiwai kūikawā o ka lāʻau a me nā kau kaumaha i hōʻoia ʻia i nā maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes ua alakaʻi i ka mea i lilo ai ʻo Metformin i mea kaulana i waena o ka poʻe e makemake e hōʻemi i ka paona.

ʻOiai ke hoʻomaka nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kaʻina e kōkua i ke puhi ʻana i ka momona momona a pale i ka waiho ʻana o nā momona momona hou i ka hana ʻana, pono e hoʻohana ʻia me ka mālama pono ʻana i nā poʻe i ʻike ʻole i ka maʻi maʻi, a he mea nui e noʻonoʻo i nā kūlana kūlana.

ʻO ka mea mua, pono e hoʻomanaʻo he la ʻaʻole pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka momona, akā kōkua wale nō i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kona mau kūmau inā ke hui pū ʻia me ka hana kino kino a me kahi meaʻai kūikawā. "Metformin" - nā hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole nā mea mana mana, akā he mea hana pono wale nō. ʻOiai ma waena o nā kauka ʻaʻohe manaʻo kūlike e pili ana i hiki ke lawe i nā papa Metformin: ʻo nā pono a me nā hōʻeha o ke kino mai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e loiloi hoʻokahi ʻia i kēlā me kēia kūlana. Kuhi kekahi mau kauka i mea i hiki ai i ka mea maʻi ke hoʻolōʻihi wikiwiki i ka paona, manaʻo kekahi i nā mea pōʻino loa i ke kino. No laila, i ka wā e nalowale ana i ke kaupaona ʻana me ke kōkua o Metformin, pono kahi hōʻike mua a me ka kūkākūkā ʻana me kekahi loea e hana i kahi hoʻoholo kūpono.

Aʻe, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau contraindications. No ka laʻana, inā he lālau type 1 a i ʻole type 2 me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka insulin, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi i ka Metformin a hoʻonā i nā pilikia me ka pohō ʻana o ke kaupaona ʻana me ke kōkua o kahi endocrinologist.

ʻAʻohe hihia e lawe ʻoe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka palapa, ka puʻuwai, ka pulmonary gagal, maʻi o ka ate, anemia.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā nāwaliwali ke kino - ma hope o nā hana, nā hōʻeha, nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, pono nā mea e pale ʻia i ka wā o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.

ʻAʻole pāpā iā ia "Metformin" inā pili ʻoe i kahi moenaʻai haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā kaʻina nui i hiki i ke kino i ke kūkaʻi ʻana o ka lāʻau Metformin a kōkua i ke lilo ʻana o ka mea kaumaha.

hāmeʻa wikiwiki momona
hoʻemi i ka hoʻoliʻi haʻawina
ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uptake glucose ma o ka io kino
hoʻemi i ka pōloli, e hopena ana i ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha o ke kino.

Me ka hoʻolilo ʻana ʻole o ke kaupaona ʻana me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, pinepine nā hopena i ka ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai inā ua lawe ʻoe i kahi ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻae ʻia e nā kauoha. I ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā pilikia gastrointestinal nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke lilo i nā nāwaliwali, nāheʻe, ke lethargic, lactic acidosis a me nā ala nui loa e hiki ke hoʻomohala.

Eia kekahi, ke lawe nei ʻo Metformin, pono ʻoe eʻai i kahi meaʻai. Hoʻopau ʻole i nā sweets, pasta, nā ʻuala, nā ʻuhane. Pono maʻamau ka ʻai, ʻaʻole pono e pōloli, akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole pono ʻo ka mea kanu ʻaiola e ʻoi aʻe ma mua o 2500 kcal i kēlā me kēia lā. I loko o kēia manawa pono ʻoe e inu i ka nui e like me ka wai maʻamau.

ʻOiai ka hana a Metformin i ka pono no ka hana ʻana i nā hana hoʻoikaika kino, ʻaʻole naʻe kēia manaʻo ke pale i kekahi hana kino. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka kakahiaka, nā hana o waho, i ke ʻano kino o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana me ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i ke ʻano o ka momona o ka momona nui. Mai manaʻo e hana ʻo Metformin i nā mea āpau no ʻoe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika hou ma kāu ʻaoʻao!

Mai komo i loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a lawe i ka ʻōlelo kumu "ʻoi aʻe ka maikaʻi." ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻoi aku i ke ʻano inā ʻoe e lawe ana i ka Metformin (nā papa). Hāʻawi i nā ʻōkuhi hana e hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī e pili ana i ka nui o ka nui o ka huahana, inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki ke hōʻeha maikaʻi i ke kino. Eia kekahi, hiki ke lawe hou ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau hou ma mua o ʻekolu mau malama, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻomaha ai.

I kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā loiloi o ka poʻe nāna i lawe i nā kīʻai meaʻai Metformin. ʻAi ʻokoʻa nā loiloi: kahi ʻē i ka momona ʻoi loa ka pōkole a i kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua pale ʻia kekahi e ka hana maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hopena maikaʻi. Akā i ka laulā, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ka poʻe i kōkua o Metformin e lawe iā ia ma lalo o ka mākaʻi ʻana o ke kauka, ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, aʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai e pono ai a no ka haʻalele ʻole i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino.

Nā maʻi hoʻohālikelike iā Metformin

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau Metformin, ʻoiai inā he diabetes a makemake paha ʻoe e emi ka momona, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho i kahi papa kupaianaha o nā contraindications a kūkā ma kahi kauka.

ʻO nā maʻi āpau ka komo ʻana i ka renal, cardiac, pulmonary failed, pathologies koʻikoʻi o nā pēpē a me ka biliary tract, nā ala mākaʻikaʻi o nā kino hanu. ʻAʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o nā wā post-traumatic a ma hope o ke wā like, a ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o myocardial in the rehabilitation period. Hoʻopilikia ka "Metformin" i nā hanana infectious a me nā maʻi a me nā exacerbations o kekahi maʻi maʻi, nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka anemia.

Ke papa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā o ka hapai a me ka lactation. Ke hoʻolālā nei i kahi hāpai a i kona wā e lawe ana i ka Metformin, pono e haʻalele ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻololi ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i insulin. ʻO ka ʻōpū, inā he pono no ka mālama ʻana me ka Metformin, pono e hōʻoki ʻia, no ka mea ʻaʻohe data i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka waiū umauma, akā ʻo kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka lāʻau i komo i ka waiū i pōʻino no ka pēpē, ʻoiai ʻo ka makahiki o 18 ma waena o nā contraindications mau makahiki. ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ka "Metformin" no nā keiki a me nā wā'ōpiopio ma lalo o nā makahiki 18.

A no laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia ka "Metformin" me ka mea inu kuhi a me nā meaʻawaʻawa lāʻau ikaika. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, pono ʻoe e hōʻole i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau waiʻona a me ka ethanol i loaʻa nā lāʻau inā ke lawe ʻoe i ka Metformin. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hui pūʻana o ka étanol a me ke metformin i loko o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻonāukiuki i ka wikiwiki o ka lactocytosis, a hiki i ka hopena hopena.

He pōʻinoʻino e lawe "Metformin" me nā papa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-calorie a me ka "pōloli".

ʻAʻole hiki ke lawe i ka poʻe i ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 mau makahiki inā ua paʻa lākou i ka hana ma ke kino olakino, i mea e pale ai i ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ka acidosis lactic.

I ka wā mālama, pono nā mea maʻi e nānā pono i ka hana renal, nānā i ka pae o ka plasma lactate, serum creatinine.

Nā hopena o ka lāʻau

"Metformin" hoʻonāukiuki i kekahi mau hopena o ka hopena. No laila, i ka wā lapaʻau, pono e nānā pono i ke kāʻei o kou kino a inā he mau hoʻopiʻi, e nīnau koke aku i ke kauka, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e lawe nei i ka lāʻau ʻaʻole e like me nā hōʻailona a me ke kau ʻana o ka kauka, akā ma kou ʻano iho.

ʻO ka mea mua, ke hōʻeha nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka gastrointestinal tract. I kēia hihia, mau hōʻike hōʻike ʻino e like me:

ninini
hemo koke
kūlia ka maʻi ʻana
he ʻano hūnā
lilo ka momona
ke ʻano i loko o ka waha o ka manaʻo metala,
ka like o ke ʻeha o ka ʻōpū.

Hiki paha i ka mea maʻi ke hoʻopiʻi i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hanu, tachycardia, rashes a me nā peeling i ka ʻili, pinepine me ka ʻeha.

A ʻo ka hopena luhi akā paʻakikī ka lactic acidosis. Me ka acidosis lactic, komo ka lactic acid i ke kahe koko, nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi nā nāwaliwali, ka hiamoe, ke hoʻonui nui ʻana, nā māhina nui, a me ka luaʻi.

Me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o ka lāʻau, hiki i ka dysfunction ʻʻai.

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi liʻiliʻi o kekahi o kēia mau hōʻike, pono ʻoe e kiʻi koke i ke kauka, e haʻi ana iā ia e lawe nei ʻoe i nā papa Metformin. ʻO ka pono a me ka hōʻeha i ke kino ma kēia hihia he mea ʻole paha, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a pono ʻoe e loaʻa kahi koho hou no ka mālama ʻana a me ke kaumaha.

"Metformin" - nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻoi loa e hoʻohana ai i ka maʻi maʻamau ʻo 2. Kōkua hoʻi ka "Metformin" e hōʻemi i ka paona, akā he mea maikaʻi ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻa ʻaʻole panacea, ʻaʻole ia e loli i ka wai lāʻau liʻiliʻi a me ka hana kino. E hele pū me ka Therapy "Metformin" me ka nānā ʻana i ka pae o ka glucose i ke koko a me ka hōʻole ʻana i nā hana maikaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka meaʻai. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻolōʻihi i ka paona me ia, mai hāʻawi i ka mea hana haleʻai, ʻai pololei a mai poina e hoʻopoina i ka mua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hakakā i ka maʻi maʻi, no laila e lawe pono ʻoe a ma hope iho o ka nīnau ʻana i ke kauka.