Losartan - nā ʻōlelo ʻānō no ka hoʻohana ʻana, nā loiloi, nā hui a me nā puka hoʻokuʻu (nā papa 12, 5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg a me 100 mg Teva, Richter, N me ka diuretic) nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi hypertension a hoʻoemi i ke koko koko i ka pākeke, nā keiki a me ka wā hāpai

I kēiaʻatikala, hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau Losartan. ^ E Ha yM. Hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe kipa i ka pūnaewele - nā mea kūʻai o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, me nā manaʻo o nā loea lapaʻau e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o Losartan i kā lākou hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻO kahi noi nui, ʻo ia ke hoʻoikaika ikaika i kāu mau loiloi e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau: kōkua ka lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻaʻole hoʻi i kōkua i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka maʻi, nā mea hoʻopiʻi a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao, ua ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia e ka mea hana ma ka annotation. Nā kikowaena o Losartan ma ke alo o nā analogue hoʻokolohua i loaʻa mua. Hoʻohana no ka mālama ʻana o ka maʻi hypertension a hoʻoemi i ke koko i ka pākeke, nā kamaliʻi, a me ka wā hapai a me ka lactation.

Losartan - mea hoʻohui antihypertensive. He mea hoʻomau aku no ka peptide non-peptide 2 He aha kahi koho koho kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea pili i nā ʻĀpio AT1 (me ka komo ʻana o nā hopena nui o ka angiotensin 2 i loaʻa). Ma ke kāohi ʻana i kēia mau mea kiko, ua pale a losartan a hoʻopau i ka hopena vasoconstrictive o ka angiotensin 2, kona hopena hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana i ka ʻoniola aldosterone e nā kelepa adrenal a me kekahi mau hopena hou o ka angiotensin 2. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e kahi hopena wā lōʻihi (24 mau hola a keu aʻe paha), ma muli o ke kuhi ʻana o kāna metabolite ikaika.

Hōʻike

ʻO nā makana heva ma + Chartart.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

Ma hope o ka lawelawe waha, ua lawe koke ʻia ka losartan mai ka digestive tract. ʻO ka bioavailability e pili ana i ka 33%. Hoʻohui ʻia ia i ka manawa o ka "hana mua" ma o ke ʻōpala me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi metabolite kāmelo, kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka hana pharmacological iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka losartan, a me kekahi mau metabolite ʻaʻole i kūlike. ʻO ka nakinaki ʻana i nā protein plasma o ka losartan a me nā metabolite ikaika e kiʻekiʻe loa - ma mua o 98%. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Losartan i loko o ka mimi a me nā feces (me ka bile) i loli a me ke ʻano o ka metabolites. Ma kahi o 35% e hoʻopiʻi ʻia i loko o ka pāʻai a ma kahi o 60% - me nā feces.

Nā Hōʻike

haehae maʻi
ka emi ʻana o ka hopena o ka morbidity pili a me ka make ma nā maʻi i nā maʻi me ka hypertension arterial a waiho aku ai i ka ventricular hypertrophy, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻolilo ʻana o ka māka kumulua o ka maʻi cardiovascular, stroke a me ka myocardial infarction,
kauiaʻi maʻi i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 2 me ka proteinuria - he hoʻolohi i ka holomua o ka hana ʻole ʻana, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o hypercreatininemia, ka uka o ka hopena o ka noho ʻana o ka pilikia renal, e koi ana i ka hemodialysis a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pēpē, ka make o ka make, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka proteinuria.
ka hopena ʻole o ka puʻuwai me ka hana ʻole ʻana e ka ACE inhibitors.

E hoʻokuʻu i nā palapala

Nā papa i puka ʻia 12,5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg a me 100 mg (hana ʻia e Richter, Teva, H puka me ka diuretic hydrochlorothiazide).

Nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana a me ka helu ʻana

Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau losartan ma ke alo, me ke ʻano o ka ʻaina. Pōʻī ʻia nā papa me ka ʻole e palania, holoi ʻia me ka wai. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia - 1 manawa i kēlā me kēia lā.

Me ka hypertension arterial, ʻo ka awelika o kēlā me kēia lā he 50 mg 1 ka manawa i kēlā me kēia lā. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hopena therapeutic nui, hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano iā 100 mg i kēlā me kēia lā.

Hoʻopau ʻole nā naʻau paʻakikī

ʻO ka ʻōmua mua no nā mea maʻi me ka mālama pu ʻana i ka naʻau he 12.5 mg hoʻokahi i ka lā. Ma ke kānāwai, hoʻonui ke ʻano me ka pālua o ka hebedoma (i.e. 12.5 mg i kēlā me kēia lā, 25 mg i kēlā me kēia lā a me 50 mg i kēlā me kēia lā) i kahi maʻi mālama mālama maʻamau o 50 mg 1 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia lā, e pili ana i ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o ka mea maʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻAʻole koi ka hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.

ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka maʻi cardiovascular (me ka hōʻeha ʻana a me ka make ma nā mea maʻi me ka hypertension arterial a waiho i ka ventricular hypertrophy

ʻO ka lāʻau mua o ka lāʻau no 50 mg 1 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia ka hydrochlorothiazide i nā wai haʻahaʻa a i ʻole paha ka nui o Losartan e hoʻonui ai i 100 mg i nā 1 a i 2 paha dosis, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻemi ʻana o ke koko.

ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi type type 2 me ka proteinuria

Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o kahi iniha mua o 50 mg hoʻokahi i ka lā me ka hoʻonui hou aʻe i ka dosis i 100 mg i kēlā me kēia lā (me ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kahe koko) i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau koina.

I nā maʻi me ka BCC i hoʻēmi ʻia (no ka laʻana, i ka wā e lawe ai i ka diuretics i nā nui kiʻekiʻe), ʻo ka pona i ʻōlelo ʻia ma Losartan e 25 mg hoʻokahi i ka lā.

ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi hepatic (emi iho ma mua o 9 mau māka ma ke kākala o ke keiki-Pugh), i ka wā o ka hana hemodialysis, me nā mea maʻi ma mua o 75 mau makahiki o kēlā me kēia, ua kau ʻia kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka lāʻau - 25 mg hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā.

ʻAʻole lawa ka ʻike me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea maʻi me ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka naʻau palau, no laila, ʻaʻole i kau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kēia ʻano maʻi o nā maʻi.

ʻAʻole loaʻa ka lāʻau lāʻau i nā mea e hana ai i ka hopena mua a i ʻole ke kāpae ʻia, akā pono pono ka holo ʻana ke koko e like me ka lawe ʻana i kēlā lāʻau antihypertensive.

Pono e lawe ʻia nā lāʻau antihypertensive i ka manawa like i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ke kauoha ʻana o ke kauka e hoʻonui i ka hopena therapeutic. Inā hele ʻoe i ka dosis hoʻokahi, pono ʻoe e lawe i ka hopena hou o ka lāʻau i ka manawa kokoke loa i ka manawa o ka hana maʻamau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ka manawa e hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻoe i kala ʻole ka maʻi ma ka neʻe ʻana i ka manawa o ka pau aʻe. Mai lawe i kahi pāpālua pālua o ka lāʻau.

Loaʻa ka hopena

āhāhuʻe
mānai / momona,
lie kanikela
ʻōpala
hopohopo
hiamoe a hiamoe ʻole
hiamoe
nā hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo
peripheral neuropathies,
aloha
migraine
hāpau
manaʻo ʻino
kani ana i na pepeiao
nā kuhi hewa
ka loli hihiʻo
konohiki
ihu ʻōpala
huhū
nā maʻi ʻeha hanā luna (ʻeha, ʻehaʻeha),
sinusitis
pharyngitis
rhinitis
paila, mamaila,
nā ninia
hōʻike kūmole
ʻeha ka ʻōpū
maloʻo mucosa kala,
anorexia
nahoa
myalgia
ʻeha ma hope, ʻāʻī, nā wāwae,
aolaila
Paula Heoplo
nā arrhythmias
ʻinalelo angina pectoris
anemia
myocardial infarction
koi aku i ka urinate
hoʻemi i ka libido
huakai
maloʻo maloʻo
haehae i ke koko
paulele
hoʻonui hoʻonui ʻia
alopecia
urticaria
ʻili ka ʻili
huu
angioedema, hui pū helehelena, lehelehe, pharynx a / a i ʻole e ʻōlelo,
fiva
kohola
vasculitis
eosinophilia
purpura Shenlein-Genoch.

Nā Hoʻohui

hapai
lactation
makahiki i 18 makahiki
hōʻeha kino o ka ate (ʻoi aku ma mua o 9 mau maka ma ka ʻōpiopio Child-Pugh),
he nuiʻole ka galactose intolerance, hemahema o lactase a i ʻole nā lolo glucose-galactose malabsorption,
hypersensitivity i nā ʻāpana o ka lāʻau.

ʻŌpū a me ka lactation

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau losartan i ka wā hāpai. Ua ʻike ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili pono ana i ka renin-angiotensin-ald testosterone system (RAAS), i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka hapalua o 2 a me 3 o ka hapai paha, hiki i nā mea hōʻeha a hoʻomau paha a ʻo ka make paha o ka wahine hāpai. No laila, ke hoʻohālikelike nei i ka hāpai ʻana, e lawe koke ʻia ʻo Losartan.

ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia a excreted a losartan me ka umauma waiū. ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi ʻia i ka lāʻau losartan i ka wā lactation. Inā lawe pono ia i Losartan i ka wā lactation, a laila pono hoʻi ke ʻokiʻoki i ka ʻōpū.

Hoʻohana i nā mea maʻi maʻi

ʻAʻole koi ka hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.

Manaʻo ʻia nā mea maʻi ma mua o 75 mau makahiki i kahi haʻahaʻa o ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka lāʻau - 25 mg hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā.

Hoʻohana i nā keiki

Contraindicated i nā keiki a me nā'ōpiopio ma lalo o nā makahiki 18.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī

No ka mea maʻi me ka puʻuwai naʻau o ka mea i loaʻa i ka hopena paʻa ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana o ACE, ʻaʻole ia e pono ke hoʻololi i ka lawe ʻana i nā antagonist o ka receptor 2, a me ka komo drug losartan.

ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka palu kanalula (ma mua o 9 mau maka ma ke kāla ʻo Chaydd-Pugh, a me ka nui me ka cirrhosis), me i ka anamnesis, pono ia e koho i nā pupu liʻiliʻi.

I ka poʻe maʻi me ka dehydration (no ka laʻana, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mālama ʻana me nā diose no ka nui o ka diuretics), hiki i ka hypotension hōʻailona paha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi losartan (pono pono e hoʻoponopono i ka wai ma mua o ka losartan a hoʻomaka i ka mālama ʻana me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa).

ʻO ka poʻe maʻi me ka hana renal impaired, a me ʻole me ka hapanui, e hoʻomohala pinepine i nā hoʻopilikia electrolyte (hyperkalemia), kahi mea e pono ai. Ma mua o ka hiki ʻole o ka hopena ʻole o ka hana renal, hiki i ka losartan ke alakaʻi i ka hana ʻole a me ka ʻole o ka hyperkalemia.

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me ka losartan, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pae o ka potassium i loko o ke koko, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe maʻi a me nā mea hana aho. ʻO ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka losartan me ka diuretics pākiko-pale e ʻohi.

I nā poʻe maʻi kahiko e hoʻohana ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau anti-inflammatory non-steroidal, me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka diuretics, a i ʻole me ka hana ʻole ainā i hana hou ʻia, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka losartan ke alakaʻi i ka hana renal impaired, a me ka hiki o ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka renal. Hoʻololi hou kēia mau hopena. Pono e nānā pono i nā hana ʻoi i loko o nā mea maʻi e lawe losartan a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau anti-inflammatory.

ʻAʻole lawa nā ʻikepili i ka palekana a me ka hana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā keiki.

Hoʻokomo i ka hiki ke lawe i nā kaʻa a kāohi i nā mīkini

Ua hiki i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau ke hoʻoikaika i ka wikiwiki o nā hopena psychomotor a me ka hiki ke hoʻokele i nā kaʻa a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻenehana ʻē aʻe i aʻo ʻia. Pono e mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e hana ai i nā hana pōpilikia e koi ai i ka nānā nui a me nā hopena psychomotor wikiwiki.

Hoʻohui nūhou

Hiki i ka lāʻau losartan ke hoʻohana pū i nā manawa like me nā lāʻau antihypertensive.

Hoʻonui ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hopena o nā beta-blockers a me ka sympatholytics.

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka losartan me ka diuretics e hoʻoiho i kahi hopena hoʻohui.

ʻAʻole i nānā ʻia nā hōʻiliʻili pharmacokinetic o losartan me hydrochlorothiazide, digoxin, warfarin, cimetidine, phenobarbital, ketoconazole a me ka erythromycin.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Rifampicin a me fluconazole e hōʻemi i ka ʻike o ka metabolite ikaika i ka plasma koko. ʻIke mau ʻia ka ʻike nui ʻana o ka hoʻopili ʻia.

E like me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe e pale ana i ka angiotensin a i kona hopena paha, ka hui pū ʻana o ka losartan me ka diuretics potassium-sparing (no ka laʻana, spironolactone, triamteren, amiloride), hoʻomākaukau ʻai pākaha, a me nā paʻakai e pili ana i ka paʻakai e hoʻonui i ka hōʻeha o ka hyperkalemia.

ʻO nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal (NSAIDs), me nā konika cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2), hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hopena o nā diuretics a me nā lāʻau antihypertensive.

Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka angiotensin 2 a me nā antagonist receptor lithium, kahi hiki ke piʻi i loko o ka pilina lithium plasma. Hāʻawi ʻia i kēia, pono e kaupaona i nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pilikia o ka hoʻokele hui o losartan me nā paʻakai lithium. Inā pono, ʻo ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, pono ia e kiaʻi pinepine i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka lithium ma ka plasma koko.

Nā inoa o ka lāʻau Losartan

Hoʻololi nā kumu hoʻohālike o ka waiwai ikaika:

Blocktran
Brozaar
Vasotens,
Vero Losartan
Zisakar
Hanohano Sanovel,
Karzartan
Keola
Lakea
Lozap,
Lozarel
ʻO nā kīwaha o Losartan,
Mahalaloa Richter,
Maikui keva,
Lorista
Kālehu
Lotor
Presartan,
Renicard.

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano

melemele, pāpaʻi ʻoniʻoni biconvex oblong papa, me kahi ʻōno keʻokeʻo (a kokoke paha i keʻokeʻo), he kīpala o ka alumini a i ʻole PVC kiʻi, he pahu pahu

ʻOinga loina

Kalioka mau (50, 100 mg)

Nā mea kūʻai

Miculocrystalline cellulose, sodium stearyl fumarate, anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil), sodium croscarmellose, prosolv HD 90

Ka hana nīni: titanium dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, macrogol stearate, hypromellose

Lapaʻau lāʻau

ʻO Losartan kahi lāʻau lapaʻau antihypertensive. Ke lilo nei i mākaʻi no ka mea ʻole peptide o ka ʻĀpana AT2, hoʻokūkū ʻo ia i ka ʻĀpana AT1, e pale ana i ka angiotensin II e paʻa ai iā lākou. Ke hōʻemi nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana o vasopressin, catecholamines, aldosterone a me renin, i pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypertension arterial a waiho aku i ka ventricular hypertrophy. ʻAʻole loaʻa ia kahi hopena hakahaka ma ka angiotensin-hoʻohuli i ka enzyme, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana kinin-kallikrein, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka bradykinin e hōʻiliʻili.

ʻO ka metabolite hoʻoikaika o Losartan, i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻololi o ke ola, e hana i kahi hopena antihypertensive.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

Ma hope o ka lawelawe waha, ua hoʻomoʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka lāʻau (ma nā helu a hiki i 200 mg), a, ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka presystemic metabolism, ʻano o ka metabolite o ka carboxylic acid e kūleʻa hou ana i ke koko. ʻO ka bioavailability o ka'ōnaehana o Losartan he 33%. Ke lawe waha ʻia, i loko o hoʻokahi hola e hiki ke hōʻea i ka plasma koko, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka 99% i ka albumin. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻoilina he 34 lita. Ma hope o nā hola 3-4, hiki ʻo C max i ka metabolite ikaika o ka lāʻau. ʻO ka hapalua hapalua o Losartan he 2 mau hola, ʻo kāna metabolite hoʻonaninani he 9 mau hola. ʻO ka hopena antihypertensive kiʻekiʻe loa mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea ma hope o nā hebedoma he 2 mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke lawelawe i nā maʻi o nā makahiki āpau, nā kāne a me nā lāhui.

ʻO ka 4% o kēiaʻano e hoʻoneʻe ʻia e nā keiki i loli ʻole, 6% - ma ke ʻano o ka metabolite hoʻoikaika. Ma hope o ka lawelawe waha, 35% o ka lau losartan me ka urine, 58% - me nā feces. Me kahi noi hoʻokahi ʻaʻole hōʻiliʻili i ke kino.

I nā maʻi o nā makahiki holomua e pili ana i ka hypertension arterial, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea hana a me kāna metabolite hoʻonaninani kūlike ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ʻole i ka neʻe ʻana i ka poʻe ʻōpio me ka hypertension arterial. I nā wahine, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka lāʻau i loko o ka plasma he 2 mau manawa i ka holo ʻana o nā kāne. ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka metabolite ikaika i nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka pae like.

He aha ka losartan no?

Pono ke aloha hypertension,
Hypertension arterial a waiho aku ai i ka hypertrophy ventricular (e hoʻemi i ka hopena o ka morbidity a pale i ka make),
Hōʻea nā puʻuwai hōʻokoʻa (ʻoiai he lāʻau lapaʻau ia he ʻāpana o ka hui pūnaʻina),
Nā nephropathy diabetes e pili ana i ka proteinuria a me ka hypercreatininemia i nā maʻi me nā maʻi II type mellitus.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama paʻakikī ʻana i ka lāʻau antihypertensive.

Nā Hoʻohui

Hypersensitivity / intolerance kanaka i nā mea o ka lāʻau,
ʻŌpū a me ka lactation
ʻO ka hana hema ʻole
Halaukaha (kaukuhi)
Hoʻoulu ʻia iā hyperkalemia,
Glabose-galactose malabsorption, lactose intolerance, hemahema lactase,
He hoʻohana pū me ka aliskiren (ma ka hihia o kahi hana renal impaired a i ʻole diabetes mellitus).
He 18 makahiki.

ʻO Lāartan e lawe ʻia me ka makaʻala loa i nā hanana aʻe:

puʻuwai paʻakikī e hana ana i ke alo o ka pilikia nui ʻole,
nā mea hoʻoweliweli hoʻāmi wale i ke ola,
Maʻi maʻi Ischemic,
Bilateral (koʻikoʻi unilateral) pilikia stenosis renal,
hyperkalemia
ka haʻalele ʻana o ke kaulike wai-electrolyte,
hōʻemi i ka bcc (ka nui o ke koko lele),
kalaka
nā mālamalama maikaʻi ʻole
stenosis mitral a aicic,
hyperaldosteron's,
angioedema,
obrainive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

ʻLoe a me ke kākele

ʻO ka mea maʻi me ka haʻi hypertension, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Losartan i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā ma 50 mg, pono e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano ʻole o ka ʻai ʻana, me ka ʻaʻa ʻole ʻana a me ka inu nui ʻana i ka wai. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hopena e kau ʻia ai ka hopena, e ʻae ʻia ka nui o ka lā i kēlā me kēia lā i 100 mg. Hoʻohālikelike ka hopena hypotensive kiʻekiʻe loa i ka lāʻau ma hope o 3-6 mau pule mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻohana. Kuhi ʻia nā poʻe me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ke koko koko e lawe 25 mg i kēlā me kēia lā.

Me ka hikiʻole o ka renal a no ka poʻeʻelemakule, ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ka nui o nā lā i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e hōʻike ʻia e lawe ana i ka Lāartan ma kahi ma mua o 12,5 mg. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā dosage target (50 mg), kahi piʻi nui o ka nui ma luna o kahi manawa o 2-3 mau pule e pono ai.

I ka hihia o nā hana ʻehaʻawa hemahema, e koi ʻia ka hōʻemi i kēlā me kēia lā o ka lāʻau.

Hoʻohui nūhou

ʻAʻole pili ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka warfarin, erythromycin, fenobarbital, cimetidine, digoxin.

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana me ka fluconazole a i ʻole rifampicin i loko o ke plasma, ua ʻike ʻia kahi lohi o ka pae o ka metabolite ikaika. Hiki i ka Losartan ke hiki ke hoʻoikaika i nā hana o ka diuretics, IAAF a me nā blocker adrenergic.

Ke hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo me ka diuretics pākōmeka-sparing a i ʻole me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka paʻakai, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka hyperkalemia (ʻike pono ka mālama ʻana i ka pae o ka paʻakai ma ke koko).

ʻO nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal (e komo pū ana me ka CO2 paʻa paʻa) e hoʻemi i ka hopena hypotensive o Losartan.

Nā hopena hopena

ʻeha, poʻomana,
nāwaliwali
ʻōpala
hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko
hypotension hoʻohuihui,
tachycardia
migraine
myalgia
dyspepsia, nausea, ʻeha ka ʻōpū,
nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi hoʻoiho
ka maʻi hepatitis a me nā maʻa ʻē aʻe,
maloʻo mucosa kala,
ʻopinopilia, thrombocytopenia, anemia,
hyperkalemia
mahuahua ʻoi, creature, urea, residual nitrogen,
nā kūlohelohe ʻano maʻi
angioedema,
anafilelixis,
ka pono o ka gout,
Nā ʻōpiopio.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī

I ka poʻe maʻi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui o ke koko lele (ka hopena pinepine o ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i nā kaha kiʻekiʻe o ka diuretics), hiki i ka losartan ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypertension arterial hypertension. No laila, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mālama ʻana me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, pono ia e hoʻopau i nā hōʻino i kēia manawa, a lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā pupu liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka poʻe maʻi e hōʻeha nei i ka cirrhosis o ke akea (maʻalahi a ʻano maʻalahi paha) ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana hypotensive, ka ʻike ʻana o ka hana ikaika a me ka hoʻāla e hana ai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kānaka olakino. I kēia mea, i kēia kūlana, i loko o ke kaʻina hana e pono ai, e koi ʻia nā ʻahaʻaina haʻahaʻa.

I ka hihia o nā hana renal impaired, hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia ka hyperkalemia (hoʻonui ʻia ka paʻakai pākia i ke koko). No laila, i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, pono ia e kiaʻaka mau i ka pae o kēia microelement.

Me ka hoʻokolohua mau ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana renin-angiotensin i nā mea maʻi me ka stenosis renal (hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha ʻelua oʻo), hoʻonui nui i ka creatumine a me urea. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lāʻau, hiki i ke ʻano ke maʻamau. I kēia kūlana, pono hoʻi ia e hana i ke nānā ʻana i nā keʻena mālama maʻamau o ka pae o nā parameter biochemical o ka hana glomerular o nā keiki.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hopena o Losartan ma ka hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi kaʻa a hana paha i nā hana e koi ai i ka piʻi nui o ka nānā a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia.

He aha losartan

INN (inoa inoa ʻole kālā) - Losartan. I loko o kahi radar, hoʻopaʻa inoa i ka lāʻau, Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Losartan ma kahi pūʻulu o ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ka angiotensin 2 antagonist me ka hopena hypotensive. Ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana, e hoʻomau ka hopena no hoʻokahi lā, no laila ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia nei ka lāʻau Lozartan a me nā mea hoʻohālike.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka waihona o nā mea kikoʻī a me nā mea kōkua. ʻO ka hana ikaika o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e kōkua ana e hōʻoia i ka hopena maikaʻi mai ka noi noi ʻana, ʻo ia ka Losartanum potassium, he like me kā losartan potassium. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe e lawelawe ai e hoʻopili i nā mea hana ikaika e loaʻa:

laktosa lactose,
konekena stearate,
povidone
colloidal silicon dioxide,
mikuleka
kahi sodium a ʻaihoe.

Nā hana hana i ka hana

Kahi ʻia ka hana o ka hana i ka blockade o ka ʻāhewa o ka ʻāuna o ka angiotensin 2. ʻO ka mea ikaika e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hopena spasmodic ma luna o nā moku, kākoʻo i ka hana o nā ʻāwī o ka puʻuwai. Hoʻomaka ka huaʻina adrenal i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka aldosterone hormon, kahi i hoʻoneʻe i ke koko. Eia kekahi, e hana ana ʻo losartan ma ka diuretic, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopilehu ʻana o nā ala wai mai ke kino.

Hoʻohui ka huika a me ka paʻakai paʻakai me ka urine, a ʻo ka paʻakai paʻakai e pono ai no ka hana maʻamau o ka puʻuwai. Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā papa i loko, e hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka waihona hoʻolaʻa losartan a hoʻomoʻi ʻia ma o ka gastrointestinal tract. ʻO ka bioavailability e pili ana i ka 33%. Loaʻa ka ʻike nui i ke koko ma hope o 1-1,5 mau hola. ʻO ka haki aʻe o ka lāʻau i ka mea i loko o ke aʻai, ka excreted i loko o nā pākī.

Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana

Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana i kahi kauka. E kōkua ka mea loea iā ʻoe e koho i kahi kūpono kūpono, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā contraindications a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe. I mea e hoʻoholo ai inā pono ʻoe e ʻike i kahi mea lapaʻau, pono ʻoe e ana i ke kaomi ākea a nānā pono i kou mau manaʻo.

Inā he mea nui aku ka hōʻailona o ka tonometer 140 ma 90, a manaʻo kekahi ke kanaka wikiwiki, nāwaliwali, ʻeha o ka manawa i loko o nā lā 5-6, pono no ʻoe e hele i ke keʻena o ke kauka a koho i kahi hopena no ka maʻi hypertension. Nā mea nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana:

ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka maʻi hypertension,
maʻi maʻi ʻOiaʻiʻo,
type 2 diabetes with proteinuria (e pale i nā keiki),
nāwaliwali o ka puʻuwai.

ʻO ka hoʻohana pinepineʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka hopena o ka morbidity a me ka make ma waena o nā mea maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo losartan e hoʻohana i ka pale ʻana i nā hōʻeha a me ka infococa myocardial i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka hypertrophy hema a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe. Me ke kōkua o kēia mea hana, ke hoʻomākaukau nei ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hoʻololi a me ka hemodialysis o ka pūpū. ʻO ka koho no ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia o ka puʻuwai ke kū nei ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

Ke aʻo ʻana a losartan

Hoʻomoe ʻia ka nui o ka maʻi me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokele ʻana e ka mea lapaʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi. ʻO nā ala hou no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā loea lapaʻau e nīnau nei i kahi mea maʻi, ke nānā nei i kahi palapala lapaʻau e hōʻike ana i nā maʻi maʻi. Wahi a ka annotation, inā ua hoʻokaʻawale ka losartan no ka manawa mua loa, pono ʻoe e lawe i ka hapalua hapa e ʻike ai inā aia kekahi aleroma i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. No kēlā me kēia maʻi, loaʻa kekahi ʻano regimen ʻokoʻa.

He maʻi haole

Ke koho ʻana iā Losartan no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi hypertension e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana, e manaʻo ʻia e inu i nā papa me ka ʻole o ka huki ʻana, e kākau no kēlā me kēia. I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono ʻoe e nānā i nā dynamics o ka maʻi e hoʻohana ana i nā mehe nui o kēlā me kēia lā. Mamuli o ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana, e kuhikuhi ʻia ana nā mea maʻi e lawe i 50 mg i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma ka noʻonoʻo a ka mea lapaʻau, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka nui o ka nui o kēlā me kēia lā no 100 mg.

Hoʻopau ʻole nā naʻau paʻakikī

I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o nā hoʻopiʻi mai ka hōʻeha o ka puʻuwai, hoʻomaka ʻia nā papa ʻo Losartan me kahi hōʻemi haʻahaʻa o 12.5 mg / lā. Ma kēlā me kēia pule, ua pāpālua ʻia ka nui. No ka mālama mālama pono ʻana o ka puʻuwai i hoʻohana ʻole ma mua o 50 mg i ka lā. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ka mālama ʻana me ke kaʻi toto koko e pale i ka emi ʻana o ke kahe koko.

ʻO nā analogue kūpono o Losartan e loaʻa i nā lāʻau like nā hopena like me ke olakino. Loaʻa lākou āpau i kahi ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻOkoʻa wale ka Losartan i ka hiʻohiʻona o ka pālākiō, ʻano hoʻohālikelike, dosage a me nā mea hana. I kahi mau hoʻomākaukau, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kōkua ʻē aʻe.

Kuhi ʻia nā mea kau i ka lāʻau inā loaʻa nā contraindications. I mea e hoʻoholo ai ʻo wai nā lāʻau like ʻole e kūpono no ka maʻi hypertension, pono ke kauka kūpono. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau maʻamau:

Blocktran
Lorista
Lozap Plus,
Renicard
Lozarel
Vasotens,
Brozaar
Presartan,
Lakea
Zisakar
Mahalaloa Richter,
Karzartan
Hawaikopia,
Kālehu
Lotor
Vero Losartan
Canon Losartan.

Kumukuai no losartan

He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o losartan, ʻo ia kekahi o nā lāʻau kūpono loa no ka hypertension. Aia ia ke kumukūʻai e pili ana i kahi āpau i lawe ʻia aku ka kūʻai aku, ka helu o nā papa i kau ʻia i ka waihona. Ma Moscow a me St. Petersburg, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai aku i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka uku mai, ʻaʻole wale ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau, akā ma nā hale kūʻai pūnaewele pū kekahi.

Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana

pākana losartan,
konekena stearate,
titanium hone
polyvinyl aloli,
ka leʻaleʻa talcum.

ʻO ka puka hoʻokuʻu i loko o nā papa he pālahalaha pālahalaha pālua, a me ka paukū ma ke aniani. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kiko keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka nui o nā hāmeʻa ikaika no kēlā me kēia papa o 25, 50, 100 ml.

ʻO ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau, pharmacodynamics

Ke lawe nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻomaka ke koko kiʻekiʻe e emi liʻiliʻi, ma muli o ia mea i kauoha ʻia ai ka lāʻau no nā ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hypertension. ACE paleʻai.

Hoʻopili koke ʻia mai ka lolo. Loaʻa ka hopena kiʻekiʻe loa he 6-7 mau hola ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka paila. Hoʻolaha - me nā feces a me nā urine i loli. ʻO ka bioavailability o ka mea hana ikaika e pili ana i ka 65%. Hoʻohālikelike ia i nā protein plasma e 99%. I mea e hiki ai ke neʻe i ke ʻano he maʻamau, pono ia e hoʻomau i kahi papa o ka mālama - ma ka liʻiliʻi he 1-2 mau mahina.

Hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo Losartan ʻaʻole wale nō no ka maʻi hypertension wale nō, akā no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Nā ʻano hana o ke noi, ʻimi ʻia ʻana

Hōʻulu ʻia nā papa oartartan me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopau ka pauka i ka wai a pau a hoʻopau ʻia nā crystals. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ʻelua ma mua o ka ʻai a ma hope. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā dosages i kēlā me kēia hihia i kēlā me kēia maʻi.

Ke kuhikuhi nei nā ʻōkuhi i nā dosages i ʻōlelo ʻia.

I ka lāʻau mua, ua kuhi ʻia e lawe i loko o kahi waihona o 50 ml. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia no ka papa o ka papa holoʻokoʻa, inā ʻaʻole i pōʻino ke kūlana o nā mea maʻi. Me ka lawa ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ʻole i ka lālapa, ʻelua ʻia ka nui. Inā lawe nui kekahi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻemi i ke koko, e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui ma ka 25 mg.

ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi pūlohi koʻikoʻi e kuhikuhi i ka palena liʻiliʻi (25 mg). I loko o kahi puʻuwai paʻakikī - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 12.5 mg. Hana ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ia mau hihia ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Pono e lawe i nā papa i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, ma ka manawa like. He mea nui ia e pili ana i ke kaʻina i kuhikuhi ʻia e kāu kauka e pale i ka overdose a me nā hopena hopena.

ʻAʻole kuhikuhi nā keiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Inā kū mai kēlā koi, e kau ʻia ma lalo nei o ka laikini - 12,5 mg i kēlā me kēia lā.

Ke komo ʻana i ka wā hāpai a me ka umauma

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau i ka hapai ʻana, me ka manaʻo ʻole o ka huaʻōlelo. Hiki i ke komo ʻana ke kumu i ka make a me ke ʻano hoʻomohala. Hiki i nā mea ulu ke hoʻomohala i ka ulu ʻana o ka pūpū:

I ka manawa lactation, ke komo nei ka mea ikaika i ke kino o ke keiki me ka waiū makuahine. ʻO ka hopena, he hana hōʻino i ke kaʻi o ka digestive, nausea, kaʻaila kīwaha, nāwaliwali, a me nā mea maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao

palpitations
utuka
nā pepeke
ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve waena,
edema loliania,
nā loli (stipation, ʻeha),
ʻili kino ʻili,
ʻōpū nui
ka mumū o ka nāwī o ka mucous,
ka emi ʻana o ke ʻano ʻike,
ninini
kūlana ʻilihā
ʻinalelo angina pectoris
maloʻo maloʻo
leukopenia
i ka lā,
poʻomanaʻo
hiamoe
ʻōpala
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo bronchospasm
wīwī lolo
kuʻe ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo
haunaele kaʻe i loko o ka lolo,
kaomi ʻaʻā
ka mumū o ka ʻāʻī
hoʻemi ma ka hemoglobin.

Inā hele mai nā hopena ʻino, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lāʻau. Koho ke kauka i kekahi lāʻau hou.

Hoʻopili pū me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe

Hoʻomaopopo ka hopena therapeutic o losartan i ka wā e lawe ana i nā diuretics e hoʻonui.

Hōʻole ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala ʻē aʻe i ka manawa like, ka hana i manaʻo e ʻoki ʻia ana i ke kaomi.

Hoʻonui ka lāʻau i ka hopena therapeutic o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa ana i ka potassium, e hoʻonāukiuki i nā hopena maikaʻiʻole.

Hoʻohana pono me nā lāʻau lapaʻau non-steroidal maikaʻiʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā keiki. Ke koi ʻia he hōʻike ultrasound.

Inā lawe ka mea maʻi i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, pono ke kūkā o ke kauka.

Nā kumukūʻai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau

Kūpaʻa ke kumukūʻai ma ke kīpē - mai 100 a 500 mau rubles. He lawa ka paʻai piha no ka papa holoʻokoʻa o ka mālama ʻana.

Lozap,
Nā Alcadil
Kapoten,
Lorista
Normio
Zisakar
Golten
Lortenza
Hyperium
Blockordil
Kanahana,
Norton
Kanakaole
Epistron
Renicard
Biosynthesis
Blocktran.

Nā hōʻikeʻike e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau

Ke lāʻau maikaʻi no ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi hypertension i ka poʻe ʻelemakule a me nā poʻe ʻōpio. Pono e nānā i ka hopena kumumua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe ʻoki ʻana e like me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka enalapril. Ke kumu o ka poʻe maʻi: e hoʻemi ʻia ka hōʻemi o ka puʻuwai o nā puʻuwai a me nā hōʻeha, ʻike ʻia kēia me nā mea maʻi.

ʻAʻole au i hālāwai i ka luhi a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa.

Ma kahi o Losartan kahi lapaʻau maikaʻi a me ka pono no ke kahe koko kiʻekiʻe. E kōkua wikiwiki i ka hoʻi i ka maʻamau. I kekahi kumu kūʻai, kūpono ke kūpono o ka hāmeʻa. I koʻu ʻike ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohele i nā hopena ʻokoʻa. ʻO wau iho, ua hoʻomanawanui au. ʻAʻole nā hopena maikaʻi. Ua hele i kahi papa, ua kōkua maoli i ka wehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hypertension i loaʻa iaʻu mai koʻu wā ʻōpio.

Marina Klimenko, Nizhnekamsk (hoʻomanawanui)

ʻAʻole i koi koko kiʻekiʻe. Akā i kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka pinepine ia e hoʻonui. Ua kuhikuhi ke kauka i ka mālama ʻana me nā papa lozartan. Dosage - no kahi papa āpau. Ua holomua kona ʻano ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ʻoiai ma mua o kēlā me kēia, ke ʻeha ʻo kona poʻo. Hoʻi ʻo ia i ka maʻi maʻamau ma hope o kahi papa lapaʻau. Nui ma ke kumukūʻai kūpono.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Pharmacological

I nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o Losartan, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua kau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā antagonist. ʻO ka losartan lāʻau, mai ia mau hopena he hypotensive, e hōʻemi ana i ka pale kaua peripheral ākea o nā moku koko.

Hoʻopili ia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko, e hōʻemi i nā pae o adrenaline a me aldosterone i loko o ke koko, e hoʻemi ana i ka ukana ma ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, a me ka hoʻolako ʻana i kahi hopena diuretic. Ke kōkua nei ʻo Losartan e hoʻonui i ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i nā maʻi i nā maʻi me nā hōʻailona o ka hana puʻuwai, a pale pū i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hypertrophy myocardial.

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana no ka hoʻohana ʻana

I ke ʻano o ka manaʻo hoʻokaʻawale ʻia? ʻO ka mea maʻi me ka haʻi hypertension, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Losartan i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā ma 50 mg, pono e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano ʻole o ka ʻai ʻana, me ka ʻaʻa ʻole ʻana a me ka inu nui ʻana i ka wai. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hopena e kau ʻia ai ka hopena, e ʻae ʻia ka nui o ka lā i kēlā me kēia lā i 100 mg. Hoʻohālikelike ka hopena hypotensive kiʻekiʻe loa i ka lāʻau ma hope o 3-6 mau pule mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻohana. Kuhi ʻia nā poʻe me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ke koko koko e lawe 25 mg i kēlā me kēia lā.

I ka hihia o nā hana ʻehaʻawa hemahema, e koi ʻia ka hōʻemi i kēlā me kēia lā o ka lāʻau.

Hoʻohana i ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation

Pehea e lawe ai i nā keiki?

Contraindicated i nā keiki a me nā'ōpiopio ma lalo o nā makahiki 18.

Blocktran
Brozaar
Vasotens,
Vero Losartan
Zisakar
Hanohano Sanovel,
Karzartan
Keola
Lakea
Lozap,
Lozarel
ʻO nā kīwaha o Losartan,
Mahalaloa Richter,
Maikui keva,
Lorista
Kālehu
Lotor
Presartan,
Renicard.

Ke koho ʻana i nā mea kikoʻī, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i nā kuhikuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana o losartan, ke kumukūʻai a me nā loiloi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia ʻano pili ʻole ʻia. Hoʻololi ʻia ka pono o ka lāʻau ma hope wale nō o ka noi ʻana o ke kauka.

He aha nā ʻōlelo e kūkākūkā ai?

Kūpono kahi mea maikaʻi e pili ana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, kahi e hōʻoia nei i ka hopena pono e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau loiloi, ʻo ka hapanui e pili ana iā Lozartan Richter, kahi e hoʻopiʻi ai ka poʻe e pili ana i ka hōʻike pinepine o nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Pono e loaʻa i nā hopena ʻino e pili ana ma hope o nā hewa o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau.