ʻO nā ala nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus he maʻi ia o ka maʻi hyperglycemia a me ka glucosuria ma muli o ka nele o ka insulin.

Hoʻoponopono nā mea maʻi e hoʻopiʻi i ka waha maloʻo, makewai (polydipsia), profuse urination (polyuria), hoʻonui nui ʻia, nāwaliwali, a me ka ʻeha ʻili. I nā maʻi me ka maʻi type 1, maʻi mau ʻia nā maʻi (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wā ʻōpio). Me ka maʻi diabetes

Hoʻololi holomua ka maʻi type 2 a hiki ke hoʻomau me nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka ʻili: hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi pōpoki ma ka lae, nā papālina, ka moa, ka hopena mai ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā capillaries, ka melemele ʻoniʻoni o nā palma a me nā soles, ma muli o ka pale o ke hoʻololi ʻana o ka vitamin A, ka helu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā ʻeha a me nā leʻa manu.

ʻO nā mea ʻeha a me nā iwi: hoʻopili kino a me ka osteoporosis o ka vertebrae, nā iwi o nā wāwae e like me ka hopena o ka metabolism protein impaired.

Palapala Alimentary: hiki i ka gingivitis, stomatitis, hoʻemi i ka waiwai huna a me ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōpū.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻOphthalmic: hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā veninal retinal, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā microaneurysms, hemorrhages ma loko. Hoʻopohala ka retinopathy diabula, alakaʻi i ka hoʻohemo nui o ka ʻike.

Hoʻololi nā neurogenic: ʻoi aku ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka ʻeha, ka hoʻonaninua ʻana o ke ana, hoʻemi ʻia ka tendon reflexes, hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo.

Nā ʻōnaehana noiʻi noiʻi:

ʻO ka huina glucose koko = 3.3-5.5 mmol / L ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole.

SD: ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole = 6.1 mmol / L a i ʻole + mau hōʻailona + o ka maʻi.

I loko o ke koko ma mua o 11.1 mmol / L. 100% ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi diabetes.

Me kahi hōʻike hoʻokaʻawale ʻole: nā hoʻoliʻi glucose waha. 3 mau lā, ʻai ka mea maʻi i kāna mea e makemake ai. Kaʻaʻai koko. A laila e hāʻawi i kahi kaumaha glucose. Ma hope o 2 mau hola, e hoʻohiolo i ke kōpaʻa maʻamau ma lalo o 7.8 mmol / L, a i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi 11.1 mmol / L. I nā hihia i kahi o ka pae o ka glucose i loko o ke koko 2 mau hola ma hope o ke ʻano he laʻana ma waena o nā ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi (7.8-11.1 mmol / l.), A laila ke ʻōlelo nei mākou i ka hoʻomanawanui o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose.

Kuhi ʻia ʻo Glucosuria me ka piʻi o ka glucose i ka pāʻai ma luna o 8.8 mmol / L.

Hoʻohana pū e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike o ka insulin immunoreactive a me glucogon i loko o ke koko, a me C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin.

Nā noiʻi noiʻi noiʻi:

Kapa o ka pancreas

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ke kahe koko arterial i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (nā hōʻailona o ka ischemia plantar: Panchenko, Gulflamma, etc.) a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka angiography.

I ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻōkuhi, kahi ultrasound o nā keiki, hana ka naʻau.

ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana o nā moku o nā maka.

90. Ka manaʻo o ka glucose i loko o ke koko, i ka puna, i ka acetone i ka urine. Kūleʻa a me ke kōpaʻa gula.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōlohelohe i ke koko ma loko o kahi ʻōpū ʻole a ma hope o ka ʻai. Lawe ʻia ke koko wikiwiki i ke kakahiaka, a pono ke kanaka maikaʻi a i ʻole kekahi mea me ka maʻi type kīnā ʻole e ʻai no nā hola he 12. (kēlā me kēia maʻi e ana i ke ana i ka manawa kūpono, kūpono e ala i nā ala a me nā meaʻai). ʻO ka kaʻai ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko (ʻehā mau hōʻike no ka lā) e hana pinepine ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha i ka pule. He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēia no nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes type 1, i ka wā e pono ai ʻoe e kaohi i ka nui o ka insulin a me ka nui o nā huina i hoʻopau ʻia.

Ma mua o ke ana ʻana i ka ʻaihue ʻai wikiwiki, mai ulaula.

ʻO ka huina glucose koko = 3.3-5.5 mmol / L ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole.

SD: ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole = 6.1 mmol / L a i ʻole + mau hōʻailona + o ka maʻi.

I loko o ke koko ma mua o 11.1 mmol / L. 100% ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi diabetes.

Kuhi ʻia ʻo Glucosuria me ka piʻi o ka glucose i ka pāʻai ma luna o 8.8 mmol / L.

2. ka manaʻo mua o ka glucose i ka pāʻai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻike wai maʻamau o ka urinary a hiki i ka 0.2 g / l. ʻO ke ʻano o ka glucose i loko o ka urine hiki ke hopena o ka hyperglycemia physiological (alimentary, ʻuhane, hopohopo) a me nā loli pathological.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka glucose i ka urine ka mea e kau ai i ka paʻa o ke koko, ma ke kaʻina kānana i ka glomeruli a ma ka reabsorption o ka glucose i loko o nā tubule o ka nephron. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā glucosuria pathological i ka pancreatogenic a me ka extrapancreatic. ʻO ka maʻi nui a me ka maʻi pancreatogenic maʻi o ka glucosuria diabetes. Hoʻomaopopo ka Extrapancreatic glucosuria me ka hoʻonāukiuki o ke kaila ma waena o ka hanana, hyperthyroidism, The syndrome o Hisenko-Cush, ʻāʻī a me nā pathology kidney. No kahi loiloi kūpono o ka glucosuria (ʻoi aku paha i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi), ʻike ʻia ka iakanu i hōʻili ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā no ke kō.

Kuhi ʻia ʻo Glucosuria me ka piʻi o ka glucose i ka pāʻai ma luna o 8.8 mmol / L.

3. ka manaʻo ʻana o ka acetone i ka urine: nā kino ketone nā acetone, acetoacetic acid a me nā beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Loaʻa pū ʻia nā kino Ketone i loko o ka urine, no laila, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka wehewehe ʻokoʻa i ko lākou waiwai lapaʻau. ʻO ka maʻamau, 20-50 mg o nā kino ketone i kēlā me kēia lā i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka urine, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e ka hopena qualitative maʻamau, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā kino ketone i loko o ka huaʻī, ke kūleʻa ka hopena qualitative iā lākou. ʻO ka sodium nitroprusside i ke kaona alkaline e hana me nā ʻāpana ketone, hana i kahi hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i ka ʻulaʻula i loko o ka pinkish-lilac, lilac a i ʻole ʻulaʻula. ((ketonemia).

Kūleʻa ʻaoʻao ke kuhi e hōʻike ana i nā loli i ke koena o ka glucose koko ma hope o ke kaomi ukana.

Ka ʻūhū o ke koko

ʻO kēia kahi laʻana koko koko e ana i ke kō o kāu koko. ʻO nā waiwai i nā pākeke ololi a me nā keiki he 3.33-5.55 mmol / L. Ma nā waiwai nui aʻe ma mua o 5.55, akā e emi iho i ka 6.1 mmol / L, ua hoʻonā ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose, a hiki pū nō hoʻi kahi kūlana prediabetes. A hōʻike i nā waiwai ma luna o 6.1 mmol / l hōʻike i ka maʻi diabetes. E alakaʻi ʻia kekahi mau labiona e nā ʻano ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻano maʻamau, i manaʻo ʻia ma ka pepa no ka nānā ʻana.

Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ke koko mai nā manamana lima a mai kahi vein. I ka hihia mua, e koi ʻia he nui o ke koko, a i ka lua ua hāʻawi ʻia ia ma kahi nui. ʻOkoʻa nā hōʻailona i nā kūlana ʻelua i kēlā me kēia.

Nā rula no ka hoʻomākaukau no ka nānā ʻana

ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā hāʻawi ʻia ka loiloi ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole, a laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoluʻolu kakahiaka ma mua o ka hoʻolilo ʻana iā ia. Eia kekahi mau lula ʻē aʻe e pono e hahai i ka hoʻoponopono no nā hopena.

ʻaʻole eʻai ma hope o 8-12 mau hola ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko,
i ka pō a i ke kakahiaka hiki iā ʻoe ke inu i ka wai wale nō,
Lā ia i ka wai inu no nā hola 24 i hala,
ua papaia no i ke kakahiaka e kunulu i ka pepi a me ka palaa niho me ka niho opio i komo i ke kōwai i loko o lākou ke komo i ke koko.

Hoʻolaha mai ka maʻamau

ʻAʻole i hoʻonui ʻia nā waiwai kūpono wale nō, akā e hoʻoweliweli ana nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā hopena o kēia hoʻokolokolo. No ka hoʻonui i ka ʻike glucose Hoʻopili i nā maʻi maʻi, hāʻawi lākou i nā kumu ʻē aʻe:

kūlike ʻole me nā lula pili,
hoʻoikaika kino kino a ʻuhane paha
nā hanaʻino i ka ʻōnaehana endocrine a me nā pancreas,
kekahi mau lāʻau lāʻau, corticosteroid, diuretic drug.

A haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hiki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana:

mau kue ʻana o ka nui a me ka pancreas,
hana kinoʻi ʻana i nā kino hana - postoperative period, enteritis, pancreatitis,
maʻi maʻi vascular
nā hopena o kahi hōʻeha,
ka hana kūpono ʻole
hookeai.

Wahi a nā hopena o kēia hoʻokolohua, hana ʻia ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi diabetes ma mua wale nō, inā ʻaʻohe hōʻailona ʻike ʻole. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻoliʻi hoʻoliʻi glucose, pono nō e hōʻoia i ka pololei.

Hoʻololi hoʻokolohua Glucose

Hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose ma mua o ka mea ma mua. Akā ʻo ia kekahi e hōʻike wale nei i ke ʻano o ka glucose o kēia manawa a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o ke kikoo iā ia. No kahi nānā lōʻihi a me ke kāohi ʻana, ʻaʻole kūpono.

Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi kēia kaʻina hana i ka pancreas. No laila, ʻaʻole ia e kuhikuhi ʻia e lawe me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona kūikawā, e komo pū ana i ka wā o ka maʻi o ka maʻi diabetes.

Hoʻopā ʻia ka hōʻike hōʻike i ke kakahiaka. Aia i ka minamina o kahi hopena o ka glucose i loko o kona ʻano maʻa (75 g) i loko o ka wai (300 ml). 1 a me 2 mau hola ma hope, lawe ʻia ke koko. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻōhumu o ka glucose i ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. Me nā hōʻailona a hiki i ka 7,8 mmol / L, ua ho'ākāka ka hoʻoliʻi o ka glucose ma keʻano maʻamau. Kuhi ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike a me ke kūlana prediabetes i ka pae o 7.8-11 mmol / L. I nā kukuna ma luna o 11 mmol / l, ka mua o ka hele ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes.

Inā hala ʻole nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, a hōʻike ʻia ke hōʻike kiʻekiʻe, a laila hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike ʻo 1-2 mau manawa ma nā lā aʻe.

Nā rula hoʻomākaukau

Ma mua o ka kau ʻana i kēia hōʻike, ua manaʻo ʻia:

hookeai no 10-14 hola,
hāʻawi pio i ka uahi a me ka waiʻona,
hoʻemi i ka hana kino,
mai lawe i nā mea hoʻohālikelike, hormonal a me nā huaʻai ka mea i loaʻa iā lākou iho.

Palapala Hemolele Glycated Hemoglobin

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua hilinaʻi nui loa, ʻoiai ʻo ia e loiloi i ka dinamics o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka glucose i ke koko i nā mahina 3 i hala iho nei. ʻO ka manawa like me kēia manawa e noho ai nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i ka awelika, kēlā me kēia he 95% hemoglobin.

ʻO kēia kalima, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka oxygen i nā kiko, hoʻokaʻawale i nā glucose i ke kino. ʻO ka helu o kēlā mau kaulike e hilinaʻi kūpono loa i ka nui o ka glucose i ke kino. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā hemoglobin hāmeʻa glycated a i ʻole glycosylated.

I loko o ke koko i hoʻoili ʻia e ka loiloi, ʻike ʻia ka pae o nā hemoglobin āpau i loko o ke kino a me kāna pūhui me ka glucose. Ma ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole pono ka helu o nā pūhui e ʻoi aku ma o 5.9% o ka nui o ka protein. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike ma mua o ka maʻamau, a laila e hōʻike ana i kēia mau makahiki 3 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike o ke kō i loko o ke koko.

Hoʻolaha mai ka maʻamau

I ka keu o ka maʻi maʻi, hoala ka waiwai o ka hemoglobin glycated hiki:

uhaola hooulu pila
kolamu kiʻekiʻe kolamu
bilirubin kiʻekiʻe.

lilo huakai koko poho
anemia koʻikoʻi,
mau mea i loaʻa ai i nā maʻi maʻi i hiki ʻole i ka hanana hemoglobin normal ke hele nei,
hemolitic anemia.

Hōʻike i ka paʻakai

No kahi hoʻokūkū kōkua no ka maʻi mellitus o ka maʻi miki, hiki ke hōʻoia hou ʻia i ka urine no ke kaʻe ʻana o ka glucose a me ka acetone. ʻOi aku lākou ka maikaʻi e like me ka mālamaʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i ka ala o ka maʻi. A ma ka hoʻokolokolo mua e manaʻo ʻia ana ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka hilinaʻi, akā maʻalahi a maʻalahi, no laila ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia he ʻāpana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.

Hiki ke ʻike wale i ka glucose o ka urine me ka nui o ka nui o ke kumu puna koko - ma hope o 9.9 mmol / L. Hoʻohui ʻia ka lālani i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻole pono e piʻi ka kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose ma mua o 2.8 mmol / L. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia kēia kūlohelohe ʻaʻole ma ka hyperglycemia wale nō, akā na ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi a me kona ʻano ola. Pono e hōʻoia ʻia nā hualoaʻa me nā hōʻike koko kūpono e ʻike ai.

ʻO ka heleʻana o ka acetone ma ka urine ma ke kuhikuhi pololei i ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO kēia no ka hopena o kēia maʻi, huehue ka metabolism. ʻO kekahi o nā hopena hoʻopiʻi paha ka lilo ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ketoacidosis, kahi ʻano e hoʻoili ai i nā waihala organik i nā hua waena o nā momona o ka momona metabolism i loko o ke koko.

Inā e like me ka hiki ʻana o nā kino ketone i loko o ka pāʻai, ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka glucose i ke koko, a laila hōʻike kēia i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka insulin i loko o ke kino. Hiki i kēia ʻano ke hiki i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole a makemake pono i ka lāʻau me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka insulin.

Holo ʻaʻai no ka insulin

Hōʻike ʻia kēia hōʻike i nā maʻi maʻi ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka lāʻau e pili ana i ka insulin, akā, ua hoʻonui i ka glycemia a me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose.

Ke kumu o kēia hoʻokolokolo:

hōʻoia a hōʻoia ʻana paha i ka maʻi maʻi,
koho o ka mālama maʻi
ka hōʻoia ʻana o ke ʻano o ke maʻi i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka insulin mai nā cell beta maʻamau o ka pancreas ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka meaʻai. Inā ʻaʻole lawa i ke koko, a laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka glucose ke komo i loko o nā hale, a e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana o nā ʻanoʻokoʻa like ʻole. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e hoʻokumu i ka pilina ma waena o ka receptor insulin a me ka glucose.

Ka loli maoli ka pae o ka insulin i ke kino, no laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻoholo kūpono e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana. Hoʻoholo ʻia i loko o ke koko i lawe ʻia mai kahi vein, i ka manawa like me ke aʻo ʻana o ka pae glucose a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana iā ia.

ʻO ka moʻomanaʻo o kēia loiloi e ʻike ʻia e ka ʻoihana ma kahi e lawe ai, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka palapala. ʻAʻohe nō kūlana maʻamau, akā pili ka helu awelika a hiki i 174 pmol / l. Me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻike ʻia ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 1, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka neʻe - ʻo ka maʻi diabetes type 2.

ʻIke ʻia kēia kinona me ka molowa proinsulin. Ma waho o kāna kāohi ʻole, hiki ʻole ke hoʻokumu ʻia o ka insulin. Ma kona pae i ke koko, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokolokolo i ka lawa o ka hoʻokuʻu o ka insulin. ʻAʻole like me kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hopena o kēia noiʻi e ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka insulin, no ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka C-peptide i loko o ka palapala palapala.

Kahi pinepine, hana ʻia kahi loiloi i kahi kūlike o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose. Kōkua nā hopena hopena:

hoʻomaopopo i ke kala ʻana o nā maʻi,
hoʻoholo i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke kino i ka insulin,
koho i ka lāʻau kūpono
hōʻike i nā kumu kumu o ka lawehala i ka piʻi ʻana o ka glucose i ke koko.

Ma ka maʻi mellitus, no ka mea maʻamau 1 ka hāʻule ʻana o ka C-peptide, kahi e hōʻike ana i ka nele o ka insulin i ke kino.

Hiki ke hoʻoholo i kēia mākau i ke koko a i ka piline i kēlā me kēia lā. Lawe ʻia ke koko i ke kakahiaka, ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole, ma hope o ka holo ʻana o ka hora 12 mau hola. ʻO nā wai wale nō me ka ʻona ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia.

ʻO kahi pae maʻamau i ke koko e manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻoi i ka 1.47 nmol / L. A i loko o kēlā me kēia lā i ka urine - a hiki i 60.3 nmol / l. Akā i nā mea hana like ʻole, ʻokoʻa paha kēia mau ʻōuli i kēlā me kēia.

Hiki ke hoʻonui i ka protein me ka nele o ka potasi, ka momona, ka hapai, ka maʻi diabetes type 2, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka insulinoma, nā hana aʻeha o ka maʻi.

ʻO Leptin kahi hormone e kuleana ai no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana o ke kino a me ka makemake. ʻO kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka nui o ka pili o ka adipose, no ka mea ua hua ʻia e nā momona momona, a i ʻole ka hoʻonaninani o ka ʻōpala. Hiki i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kona paʻa ʻana i ke koko:

predisposition no ke kauka 2
a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka metabola.

Lawe ʻia ke koko no ka nānā ʻana mai kahi vein i ke kakahiaka, a hana ʻia ke aʻo ʻana e ELISA (hoʻohui ʻia ʻia ka reagent i ka ʻikena i ʻohi ʻia a nānā ʻia kona ʻano). Na rula no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana:

Hoʻohui ʻia i ka waiʻona wai a me ka momona momona 24 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo.
Mai ulaula no ka liʻiliʻi loa 3 mau hola ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ke koko.
Kaʻaina 12 mau hola ma mua o ka nānā ʻana.

ʻO nā pua o ka leptin no nā wahine makua - a hiki i ka 13,8 ng / ml, no nā kāne makua - a hiki i ka 27,6 ng / ml.

ʻOi aku ka pae ma mua nā mea e pili ana i:

ka hiki ana mai o ka maʻi type 2 a i ʻole predisposition iā ia,
ʻopi momona.

Inā loaʻa ka hormone i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a laila ʻike kēia:

lōʻihi pololi a hahai ʻole i ka papaʻaina me nā haʻahaʻa loa haʻahaʻa,
bulimia a ʻānia,
ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana i ka genetic o kāna hana.

Hōʻike no nā antibodies i nā kōpaʻa pancreatic beta (ICA, GAD, IAA, IA-2)

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Insulin e nā ʻāpana beta pancreatic kūikawā. I ka hihia o ka maʻi maʻi type 1 ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kino ponoi e hōʻino i kēia mau loko. ʻO ka pōʻino ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia nā hōʻailona kulekele mua o ka maʻi i ka wā he luku ʻia o ka 80% o nā nui.

ʻO kahi hōʻike e ʻike ai i nā antibodies e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hoʻomaka a predisposition paha i ka maʻi 1-8 mau makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna mau ʻike. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka loaʻa o kēia mau ho'āʻo i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mokuahi prediabetes a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ʻoihana.

Loaʻa nā Antibodies i nā hapa maʻamau i nā pili pili pono o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi. No laila, pono e hōʻike ʻia i ka helu o nā ʻano noiʻi o kēia hui.

Aia nā ʻano he 4 o nā antibodies:

i nā hua o nā mokupuni o Langerhans (ICA),
pōpokiea decarboxylase (GAD),
i insulin (IAA),
i tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2).

ʻO kahi hoʻokolohua e hoʻoholo ai i kēia mau māka e lawe ʻia e ke ʻano o ka enzyme immunoassay o ke koko venous. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi kūpono, e ʻōlelo ʻia e lawe i kahi loiloi e hoʻoholo i nā ʻano o nā antibodies i hoʻokahi manawa.

Loaʻa nā haʻawina āpau o luna ma ka hopena mua o ka maʻi maʻi o kekahi ʻano a i ʻole kekahi. ʻO ka maʻi i nānā ʻia a i ʻole ka predisposition e hoʻonui nui i ka hopena maikaʻi o ka lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia.