ʻO ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me nā hana pono o ka pancreas

ʻO ka pancreas he ʻano elongated o ke kaila hina-pink, kahi i loaʻa ma ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, e waiho ana i ka nui o ke kino o nā kino o I-II lumbar vertebrae retroperitoneally, ma hope o ka ʻōpū, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ia mea me kahi ʻeke omental. ʻO ka wahi o ka pancreas e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe: ma ka mua ka ʻōpū, a ma hope ke kolamu o ka spinal, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema aia ka spleen, kahi i komo ai ka huelo o nā pancreas, ma ka ʻākau, ma luna a ma lalo iho hoʻi ka duodenum, e hoʻopuni ana i ke poʻo o ka pancreas.

I ka papa ʻāina pancreas ke poʻo, ke kino a ʻili.

ʻElua mau mana:
1. Nā hana kelepona exocrine (excretory). Hoʻokumu ka pancreas i ka wai pancreatic e komo i ka duodenum a pili i ka kaohi ʻana o nā ʻāpana āpau o nā polymers meaʻai. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai i nā pūnoi he nui (amylase, trypsin, lipase, etc.) e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, e komo ana i ka hana hāmeʻa. Ke hookeai nei, liʻiliʻi i ka wai, ʻoiai e ʻai ana, ma ke ʻano ʻē.
2. Hoʻokomo ka hana Intra-secretory i ka hana o nā hormones (insulin glucagon a lipocaine). Hoʻopili ka Glucagon a me ka insulin i ka metabolism momona a mālama i nā pae o ka glucose koko ma loko o nā palena maʻamau. Hoʻokumu ka Lipocaine i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā phospholipids, e hoʻonāukiuki i ka manawa o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā momona momona a hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā waihona momona i loko o ka ate.

Loaʻa ka pancreas i kahi ʻano alveolar-tubular. ʻO waho, ke uhi ʻia me ka kapula ʻili a pili, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā kaula e hoʻokaʻawale ai ia i loko o ka pahu i loko o ka parenchyma. Mawaena o lākou he pili koko, nā puʻukū a me nā kahu. ʻO ka lobules o nā kelī ka mea e hōʻike i nā māhele exocrine a endocrine.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hapa exocrine o ka pancreas e ka pancreatic acini - nā hana hoʻonaninani o ka paʻahana. Kuhi ʻia lākou e 8-12 exocrine pancreatocytomas a i ʻole acinocytes, synthesizing enzymes.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hapa endocrine o nā kipi me nā mokupuni pancreatic i waena o ka acini a loaʻa i kahi ʻano spherical a ovoid. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mokupuni i nā pūpū endocrine (kahi insulocyte) e hana ana i nā hormone. ʻO ka nui o nā mokupuni o ka pancreatic i ʻike ʻia i ka huila o ka pili, ko lākou helu holoʻokoʻa ka nui ma 1-2 miliona.

ʻŌpala Gall. Kukui Hōʻike, waiwai.
He ipu ia no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka bile e hele mai ana i ka palupalu, pono no ka uhaʻi a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. Aia ia ma ke alo o ka kaia lōʻihi o ka ate, he pānaʻi ʻia, ʻano paʻa ma kahi o 40-60 ml. bile. Nā meaʻokoʻa ma waena o lalo, a me ke ʻā.
ʻO ka pā o ke gallbladder ka mucous membranes, membranes a me nā uhi e ka peritoneum.

hālāwai:
- nā aea bile (kumu: cholic a chenodeoxycholic)
- wai - 97.5%
- electrolytes
- paʻakai paʻakai
- lecithin
- kolamu

Nā Hana Aila:
- e pani nei i ka hopena o nā pepsin o ka wai momona,
- kāpae i ka momona, komo i ka hana o nā micelles,
- Ke hoʻoikaika nei i ka hana o nā hormones intestinal (secretin a cholecystokinin),
- pale i ka pili ʻana o nā protein a me nā huakini,
- paipai i ka hana o kahi māhu,
- hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomau o ka ʻeha gastrointestinal,
- hoʻōla i nā enzyme e hoʻāʻo i ka protein, me nā trypsin.

I kahi kanaka olakino, ua huna ʻia ka 0.5-1.2 l o ka bile i ka lā. ʻO ka huna ʻia o ka Bile, a me kona komo ʻana i ka duodenum e hele ana i ka wā o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana. Ma waho o ka hoʻowalewale ʻana, komo ka bile i ka gallbladder. I kapa ʻia ʻo Bile me nā wai nalo.

Hoʻohui ʻia: 2016-09-06, Nānā: 1263 | ʻO ka hoʻokele kope kope

ʻO keʻano maʻamau

Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka pancreas he naʻau wale nō. Eia wale nō ma ka kenekulia 19 ua ʻike ʻo ia e ulu ana i kāna mea lilo, ka mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema ʻo N. Pavlov i nā mea nui e hana ai ka pancreas i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka.

I ka ʻōlelo Lālia, ua kapa ʻia kēia mea maʻi ʻo pancreas. No laila, ʻo ka maʻi nui loa o ka maʻi pancreatitis. He mea maʻamau maʻamau, ʻo ka hana maʻamau o ka pancreas e pili pū me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe o ka gastrointestinal tract. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, kamaʻilio ʻo ia me he nui o lākou.

Kapa ʻia kēia keli pancreas, inā pololei ke kanaka, aia ma hope o ka ʻōpū. He haʻihaʻi nui kēia - ʻo ka nui o ka pancreas ma waena o 16 a 22 mau cm he loaʻa ke ʻano elongated, ʻae iki. ʻAʻole heʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o 7 cm, ʻo kona paona he 70-80 g. ʻO ke hoʻokumu o ke pancreas e loaʻa ma ka 3 mau mahina o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hanana, a ma ka hānau ʻana o kahi keiki ka nui o 5-6 mm. Ma nā makahiki he ʻumi, e hoʻonui ʻia ai he 2-3 mau manawa.

Kahua

Heʻuʻuku ka poʻe e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka pancreas, ʻaʻole nui ka ʻike i ka wahi o hea. ʻO kēia ʻāpana ke pale ʻia o nā mea'ē aʻe a pau ma ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ʻoiai ua wahi hohonu nei. I ka mua, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻōpū, ma waena o lākou he waihona momona - kahi omentum. ʻO ke poʻo o ke kīpē, ʻoiai, ua kāʻei ʻia i ka duodenum, a ma hope o ia, e pale aku ka ʻiʻo a me nā iwi spinal.

Aia ka pancreas i ka haka i ka palena, ua hoʻonele ʻia ʻo ia a puni nā wahi peritoneal ma luna o kona wahi. ʻO kona ʻāpana nui - ke poʻo - aia ma ka pae o 1 a me 2 o ka vertebrae lumbar ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka pancreas e waiho ana i ka waena ma waena o ka moʻo a me ka lalo haʻahaʻa o ka sternum. A ʻo kona huʻu e hele ai i ka hypochondrium hema.

Pili loa ka pancreas me nā ʻāpana he nui a me nā moku nui. Ma kahi o ka ʻōpū, hoʻopili pili ʻo ia me ka duodenum, me ka puʻupuʻu bile. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻopā ʻo ia i ka lālā hema a me ka guku adrenal, a me kona hopena - ka spleen. ʻO nā aorta, nā ipu a me nā vena cava inferior e pili kokoke ana i ke kūpaʻa i ke kua, a me ka nui o ka mesenteric maikaʻi i mua. Hoʻopili ʻia hoʻi i ka plexus nerve nui.

He paʻakikī loa ka helehelena o nā pancreas o ke kanaka. Ma kahi o nā mea ʻoi kāwili o ia mau ʻano he nui o nā pūpū a hoʻākāka i kahi ʻōnaehana multi-lobed, he ʻekolu mau ʻāpana. ʻAʻohe nā palena paʻa ma waena o lākou, akā hiki i kahi kanaka olakino ke ʻike ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka kuhi i ke ʻano o kahi komma, e kū ana ma luna o ka piko o ka ʻōpū o ka pūpū. Aia kekahi o ke poʻo - ʻo ia ka hapa nui loa, o ka mānoanoa o kekahi manawa e hele a hiki i 7-8 cm, o ke kino a me ka huelo.

Aia ke poʻo o ka pale i ke komo ʻana o ka duodenum, ma ka ʻaoʻao pono o ka waena o ka ʻōpū. Aia ia ma kahi o ka puhaka a me ka pana. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui loa i kēia kaʻina. A hele aku ʻoe i ke kino, nā maka ʻnoʻī, i kapa ʻia ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ke kūmole o ke kino o ke kelepona he trihedral, aia ia i ke ʻano o kahi prism. ʻO ia kahi māhele elongated loa. Kūpiki ka kino, ʻaʻole ʻia ma mua o 5 cm ākea. A ʻo ka huʻu o ka pancreas ʻoiʻoi aku ke aho, nā ʻūhā iki aʻe, ke ʻano o ka maka. Aia ia ma ka hema, a kuhikuhi ʻia i luna. Ua hōʻea ka huelo i ka mane a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka papa kau.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ʻano o ka pancreas e hōʻike ʻia ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻelua mau ʻano pae. ʻO ia nā mea maʻamau a me nā stroma, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hono pili. Aia i loko o laila kahi o ke kīʻaha koko a me nā kumu o ka gland. A o nā ʻāpana mākaʻi i ʻokoʻa ʻē, he ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ʻelua. Hoʻohana lākou kēlā me kēia i kāna hana.

Hana nā poʻe endocrine i kahi hana intrasecretory. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā hormones, ae hoʻolei pololei iā lākou i ke koko ma o nā moku pili. Aia kēlā mau cell i loko o nā ʻokoʻa kaʻawale, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mokupuni o Langerhans. ʻO ka hapa nui loa lākou ma ka huelo o ka pancreas. ʻO nā mokupuni ʻo Langerhans kekahi mau ʻano ʻehā o kēlā me kēia nui o nā huaʻai e hoʻoili i kekahi mau hormones. ʻO kēia nā beta, alpha, delta a me nā pona PP.

ʻO nā koena i koe - nā selela pancreatic exocrine - hana i ka nui o ka nui o ke kīpē o ka kelepa a i ʻole parenchyma. Hoʻopau lākou i nā enzyme digestive, ʻo ia hoʻi, hana lākou i ka hana exocrine a i ʻole exocrine. Nui nā kelepili ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia he acini. Hoʻohui ʻia lākou i loko o ka lobules, kēlā me kēia ʻano o kona ʻano kaulaha excretory. A laila e hoʻohui like lākou i kahi hoʻokahi.

ʻO ka pancreas he pūpū ākea o nā kahe koko. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolako ʻia me ka nui o nā aʻa o ka nerve. Mālama kēia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kāna hana, no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana maʻamau o nā enzyme a me nā hormone. Akā ma muli o kēia, ke alakaʻi nei kekahi ʻano patele o ka pilal i ke ʻano o ka hōʻeha nui a hōʻalo pinepine ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hana nui o ka pancreas i loko o ke kanaka ke hōʻoia i ka hana kūleʻa maʻamau. ʻO kāna hana exocrine. ʻO ka wai pancreatic i hana ʻia i loko o ka wahī e komo ana i ka digestive tract ma o ka ʻōnaehana wai. Ke haʻalele nei lākou mai nā puka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hana i kēlā me kēia keʻena o ka kelepa.

Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana pancreatic āpau i hoʻokahi maʻamau, i kapa ʻia ʻo Wirsung duct. ʻO kona mānoanoa mai 2 a 4 mm paha, ua hala ia mai ka hiʻu a i ke poʻo o ka gandona i waena o ka waena, e hoʻonui lohi. Ma ka wahi o ke poʻo, pili pinepine ia i ka dile bile. Hele pū lāua i loko o ka duodenum ma loko o ka nui papalapa duodenal. Kuhi ʻia ke kaʻe ʻana e ka sphincter o Oddi, i kāohi ai i nā mea o loko o ka pūpū mai ka komo ʻana i hope.

Hāʻawi ka hana o ka pankreas i ke koko kiʻekiʻe i loko o kāna kumu maʻamau. No laila, ʻaʻole pili ka bile i laila, no ka mea, ua haʻahaʻa kaomi i loko o nā bile bile. Hoʻokahi wale nō kekahi mau pathologies e alakaʻi i ka komo ʻana o ka bile i ka pancreas. Hōʻole kēia i kāna mau hana i ka wā i hoʻemi ʻia ka huna ʻana o ka wai pancreatic, spasm o ka sphincter o Oddi a i ʻole pahū o ka papaʻi me ka pohala. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole wale ka stagnation o ka wai pancreatic i ka hoʻopīpona i loaʻa, akā ua hoʻolei ʻia hoʻi ke bile i loko.

ʻO kēlā ka pilina o ke ʻano o ka papa o ka pancreas a me ka gallbladder e lilo i kumu hoʻi i ka wā o nā kaʻina hana o ke kōpila i ka pākeke, ua mālama ʻia nā huakaʻi obstructive. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka hapa o ka umauma bile e holo i loko o kona kino a hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma muli o ka edema. Hoʻo pinepine iā i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi mai kekahi papala i kekahi.

I kekahi manawa, ma muli o nā abnormalities development congenital, ʻaʻole pili kekahi o nā papa me ka mea maʻamau a kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa i ka duodenum ma ka piko o ke poʻo pancreatic. ʻO ka loaʻaʻana o kahi papa hana hou, i kapa ʻia ʻo Santorius, ʻike ʻia ma ka 30% o nā kānaka, ʻaʻohe ʻano kēia he keʻuli. ʻOiai ke kāohi nei i ka papaʻi nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka puka ʻana o ka wai pancreatic, no laila, lapuwale.

ʻO ka pancreas kahi ʻōpala o ke kāhi ʻia ʻana. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, loaʻa i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole, kēlā me kēia ʻano like i hoʻohuli ʻia ai kekahi mau hormones a iʻaau paha. ʻO ka wai pancreatic i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka gland e kōkua pono i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka meaʻai. A eia kahi insulin, e kuleana no ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka glucose, ua hana ʻia e kēia guhi.

No laila, ke hana nei ka pancreas i kekahi mau hana:

• komo i ke kaʻina hana ʻana,
• Hoʻōla ia i nā enzyme nui no ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o nā palama, ka momona a me nā calcium,
• hoʻopuka i ka insulin a me ka glucagon e hoʻoponopono i nā pae gula.

No ka hana pono ʻana i nā pila pono i kāna mau hana, pono ke hui ʻana o nā mea he nui. Pili kona olakino i ka hana maʻamau o ke akea, ka ʻūhū, ka duodenum, kaʻe o ke koko a me ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā mea pili i ka nerve. Hoʻopilikia kēia āpau i kāna mau hana, ka wā a me ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka laulā maʻamau o ka pancreas i loko o ka mea olakino e ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma kahi o 23 cm.

ʻO ka hana Digestive

Hoʻokumu ka pancreas i ka wai o ka pancreatic, kahi i loaʻa nā enzyme e pono ai no ka wāwahi ʻana i nā protein, nā kumupaʻa a me nā ʻaluna mai ka meaʻai. I ka huina, e pili ana i ka 600 ml wai wai i kēlā me kēia lā, i kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kona nui i 2000 ml. A ʻo ke ʻano a me ka nui o nā enzyme e hilinaʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka meaʻai o ke kanaka. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki i ka pancreas ke hana a hoʻoulu i ka hana o ke ʻano o kēlā mau enzyme e pono ai i ka manawa.

Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka wai pancreatic ma hope o ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū. ʻOiai ke hoʻomaka pinepine nei kēia kaʻina ma ka ʻike o ka meaʻai a mai ka komo ʻana mai o kona honi. I ka manawa like, loaʻa kahi hōʻailona ma o nā nīnū o nā nerve i nā pona o ka pala, hoʻomaka lākou e hana i kekahi mau mea.

ʻO nā huaʻenima a ke kumu o ka pancreas e hana ai i ka hana ʻole, no ka mea, ua paʻakikī lākou a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana o ka aila. Hoʻonohonoho wale ʻia lākou ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka duodenum. Aia i ka enterokinase enzim. Hoʻopuka koke ia i ka trypsin, kahi mea hoʻoikaika no nā kaomi āpau. Inā, ma lalo o kekahi mau pathologies, e komo ka enterokinase i ka pancreas, hoʻāla ʻia nā huila āpau a hoʻomaka ʻia nā ʻili o ke kō. Aia ka palu, a laila necrosis a me ka luku piha ʻana o nā mea make.

Hoʻopili kēia gland i nā enzyme like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke wāwahi i nā protein, nā waikama amino, nā nucleotides, kōkua kekahi i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i nā momona a me ke kau ʻana o nā kalaiʻu.

• Nā Nukleases - ribonuclease a me deoxyribonuclease e wāwahi i ka DNA a me RNA o nā mea haole ke komo i ka digestive tract.
• Hoʻokomo ka protein i ka hoʻomaha o ka protein. Nui kekahi o kēia mau enzymes: trypsin a chymotrypsin wāwahi i kēlā mau protein i loaʻa mua i ka ʻoka i loko o ka ʻōpū, carboxypeptidase wāwahi i ka waikawa amino, a me ka elastase a me ka collagenase wāwahi i ka protein hoʻohui pilina a me ka hoʻolaʻa kai.
• ʻO nā mea nui e hāhai i nā momona nā mea nui loa. ʻO kēia lipase, ka mea i hoʻopili i ka hana o nā waiū momona, a me ka phospholipase, ka wikiwiki i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā phospholipids.

He nui nā huina o ka huna ʻia e ka pancreas e wāwahi i ka pale. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Amylase i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka glucose, wāwahi i ka hoʻoliʻi paʻakikī, a me ka lactase, sucrose a me ka maltase huna huna ʻana mai nā mea like.

Hālau ka hana

Heʻuʻuku ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o ka pancreas. Ma ka maʻamau maʻamau lākou e ʻike e pili ana ia ia inā ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano ʻano palolo. A ʻo nā mea maʻamau ka maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi. Ua pili kēia maʻi me ka uptake glucose impaired. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia kaʻina hana e ka insulin, he hormone i hana ʻia e ka pancreas iho. Inā pilikia ka hana ʻana, e hoʻonui ka nui o ka glucose i ke koko.

Kekahi mau papa pancreatic i loaʻa ma nā mokupuni o Langerhans e hana i nā hormones e hoʻoponopono i ka heʻe ʻana o nā pomaʻomaʻo, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā kaʻina metabolic.

• Hoʻokomoʻo Insulin i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka glucose i ka glycogen. Hiki i kēia mea ke hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻiʻo ʻāpū a me ke kua, diverging inā pono.
• ʻO ka Glucagon ka hopena ʻē aʻe: e wāwahi ana i ka glycogen a lilo i glucose.
• Pono Somatostatin i mea e kāohi ai i ka hana nui o kekahi mau hormone ʻē a me nā enzyme.
• Hoʻoulu ka polypeptide pancreatic i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka wai momona.

Pono kēlā me kēia kanaka e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea nui e hana ai ka pancreas. Mālama ʻo ia i nā hana metabola, mālama i nā pae hoʻonaʻauao maʻamau, hāʻawi i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana. ʻO nā hōʻino ʻē aʻe o kāna mau hana e hoʻopiʻi i ka kūlana laulā o ke olakino a hōʻemi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola kanaka.

Ke kuleana o ka pancreas i loko o ke kino

ʻIke ka poʻe i ka loaʻa e ke kanaka ka waiwai i pono no ke kino me ka meaʻai.Eia nō naʻe, ma nā huahana meaʻai he ʻano paʻakikī kēia mau mea, a hiki ʻole e hoʻomālamalama iā lākou me ka ʻole e launa pū me nā enzyme digestive. Hoʻokumu ka pancreas i ka wai pancreatic, ma o ka wai excretory (kanal) komo i ka duodenum. I laila, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana i ka'āina i pono no ke komo ʻana. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa ʻia kēia hana exocrine pancreatic.

Hoʻokaʻawale ka meaʻai ma lalo o ka mana o nā enzyme hydrolytic, nona ke kuleana no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā huaʻai me ka wai. ʻO ka wai pancreatic i nā ʻano hydrolases, kēlā me kēia hana i kahi hana kūikawā. Ua māhele ʻia lākou i 4 mau hui nui:

1. Nā lipases (lipolytic enzymes). Ua wāwahi lākou i nā momona i nā mea paʻakikī - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā momona momona a me nā glycerin, e hāʻawi i ka emi ʻana o nā momona o ka momona-soluble A, D, E, K.
2. Hoʻokomo nā protein i nā enzymes proteolytic - carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, trypsin) i nā enzyme e luku ai i nā protein i nā waikawa amino.
3. Nā ʻolika. Ua haki nā huina o kēia mau enideki i nā aina a me ka "kūkulu" i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī.
4. ʻO nā carbohydrases (nā amylolytic enzymes - amylase, lactase, maltase, invertase). Pono lākou no ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o nā pale i ka glucose.

He paʻakikī loa ke ʻano o ka hana o ka pancreas. Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā enzyme Digestive i kekahi nui ma loko o nā minuke 2-3 ma hope o ka meaʻai e komo ai i loko o ka ʻōpū, e hilinaʻi wale ia i ke ʻano o nā protein, nā momona a me nā huamona i loaʻa i loko. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka nui o ka hua bile, ʻo ka hana o ka wai pancreatic me nā enzymes e lōʻihi a hiki i ka 12 hola.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana Endocrine e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hana o nā insulocytes - nā kihi kūikawā o nā mokupuni o Langerhans. Hoʻokomo ka insulocytes i kahi nui o nā hormones:

Komo nā kinona i ke kahe a mālama ikaika i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaola metabolism i loko o ke kino. Hoʻopili ʻo Glucagon i nā hana metabolic, ʻo ka insulin e hāʻawi i ke kaʻina o ka assimilation o nā mea maʻalahi, e kōkua i ka paʻa mau o ka glucose i loko o ke koko.

Me ka hana kaulike pancreatic, ʻo ka insulin a me ka glucagon e hoʻoponopono i kekahi i ka hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻana o kekahi.

Hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā mau hana multifaceted o ke kaila pancreatic, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano maʻamau ka hana maʻamau i ke ʻano he nui nā kūlana kūpono no ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kino o ke keiki.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi pancreatic maʻamau

Ma kahi o kekahi hana pōpilikia o ka pancreas - kahi hoʻololi i ka pathological i loko o ke ʻano, nā hōʻeha a i ʻole trauma - ua hāʻule kahi hana ʻole i nā hana o ka hoʻouka o nā enzyme a me nā hormones, ma muli o kahi hana maʻamau o ke kino kanaka. I nā keiki, pili pinepine ka maʻi kōpili me ka loli nui ʻana o ka meaʻai (hoʻoneʻe i ka kīloi kūlohelohe, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi kipa i kahi ʻano mākaʻi a i ʻole ke kula).

ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau e pili ana i ka umauma pancreatic (ma nā pākeke a me nā keiki):

1. ʻO ka pancreatitis kahi maʻi ka hoʻololi o ka huapalapala, i hui pū ʻia e ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kaʻina o ke ejection o ka wai pancreatic i loko o kahi ʻāpana. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi ko ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, hoʻoulu, nilo, a etc.
2. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā maʻi maʻi i ka wā e pau ai nā hana o nā mokupuni o Langerhans e hana maʻamau, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka pae o ka glucose i ke koko. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi ke kaupaona ʻana, make wai, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka urine, etc.

I kahi keiki, ʻike pū ʻia nā maʻi pancreatic e like me benign cysts, abscesses, a me fistulas.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā mau hōʻailona i kahi pilikia i ka hana o kēia ʻōpū i nā keiki.

• ʻĀpono
• ke ʻano o ke ʻano ʻono i loko o ka waha,
• nā ninia
• nāwaliwali
• ʻūlū
• he ʻano hūnā
• ninini
• ʻeha ma ka ʻaoʻao, ma ke kua, ma lalo, ʻōpū, ʻōpū
• ukana, etc.

I mea e hana maʻamau ai ka pancreas, pono ia e nānā i kona kūlana a, inā hiki, e hana i nā kūlana no kāna hana kūpono.

• e pili ana i nā pono o ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke kau ʻana o ka meaʻai.
• kaupalena i ka ai i loko o ka momona, ka momona, nā meaʻai ʻai,
• hōʻole paha e hōʻemi i ka inuʻana i ka waiʻona, kaʻaila ikaika, kofe, lemon, etc.
• e ho'ēmi i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa ma ka wā hiamoe
• kuke me ka liʻiliʻi o nā meaʻala, ka paʻakai a me nā meaʻala.
• inu i kahi wai o ka nui (1.5-2 lita o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā),
• kaupalena i ka ai o kola, nā momona a me nā palaoa (huaila, nā pōpō, nā ʻōwili, nā sweets, a pēlā aku).
• kaupalena ka ʻai ʻana o nā huahana kīlohelohe kūlohelohe (pae pāpaʻi a me nā curd, etc.),
• hōʻole i nā pā i nā kīʻaha, ketchups, mayonnaise,
• komo i nā meaʻai kanu he nui i loko o ke koina, me ka ʻole o nā hua kua a me nā huaʻai.

No ka pili ʻana i nā keiki, ua lawa ia e nānā i nā kaona o ka makahiki, i mea e pale ai i nā ʻula ʻula nui, a me ka haʻalele ʻole i ka meaʻai wikiwiki mai ka meaʻai a nā keiki.

I nā maʻi o ka kelepaʻi pancreatic, ke keiki, e like me ka mea maʻi pākahi, ua kau ʻia i ka papaʻaʻai ʻae ʻole.

Hōʻikeʻike no nā mākua

ʻO ke kīpono kūpono e hui pū ai me ke ola olakino ke kī nui i ka hoʻomohala maʻamau a me ka hana piha ʻana i ka pancreas a ke keiki, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻoluʻolu a me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā maʻi gastrointestinal.

Cognitive pancreatic anatomy wikiō:

ʻO ke kaona kūlanakauhale mua o Odessa, kahi palapala lapaʻau ma ke kumuhana "Pancreas":

ʻO nā hana nui o ka pancreas

ʻO ka pancreas i ka pūnaehana ʻana ka lua ʻelua o ka ʻōpala nui loa ma hope o ka nui i ka nui a me ka nui, ʻelua mau mea nui. ʻO ka mea mua, e hana ana i ʻelua mau ʻōhua nui, me ka ʻole o ka lilo ʻole o ka metabolism i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana - glucagon a me insulin. ʻO kēia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka endocrine a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka hoʻopuni hewa. ʻO ka lua, ke hoʻolaha nei ka pancreas i ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai āpau e komo ana i ka duodenum, i.e. He hana exocrine i ka hana extrector.

Ka hana ʻana i ka wai wai i loko o nā waiū me nā mea huna, nā mea hoʻopili, nā electrolytes a me nā bicarbonates. Ke komo nei ka meaʻai i ka duodenum, komo pū ka wai i laila, kahi me nā amylases, lipases a me nā protease, nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pancreatic enzymes, wāwahi ʻo ia i nā mea kanu a hāpai i ko lākou komo ʻana e nā pā o ka pūpoki liʻiliʻi.

Hoʻokumu ka pancreas i kahi wai he 4 mauʻu o ka wai pancreatic i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi ʻōlika pololei me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka ʻōpū a me ka duodenum. Hāʻawi ʻia ka paʻakikī o nā hana pancreas e ka komo ʻana o nā kelepa adrenal, parathyroid a me nā thyroid glands.

ʻO nā ʻanā i hana ʻia e ia mau ʻenehana, a me nā ʻenehana e like me ka huna, pancrosin a me gastrin, ʻo ia ka hopena o nā huina digestive, e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka pancreas i ke ʻano o nā meaʻai i lawe ʻia - ma muli o nā mea i loaʻa, hao ʻia ka hao i kēlā mau enzyme e hiki ai ke hāʻawi kā lākou mākaʻikaʻi maikaʻi loa.

ʻO ke hoʻonohonoho o nā pancreas

ʻO ka inoa ʻōlelo o kēia kūleʻa e hōʻike i kona wahi i loko o ke kino kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi: ma lalo o ka ʻōpū. Akā, anatomically wale nō i kēia poutoo no ka mea aia wale nō i kahi kūlana. I kahi kanaka e kū pololei ana, ʻo ke ʻōpū a me nā pancreas e like me ka pae like. Kuhi maopopo ke ʻano o ke kumu o ka pancreas i ke kiʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, he ʻano elongated ke ʻano o kekahi, me nā mea like me kahi kōma. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻae ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau o nā gland i ʻāpana ʻekolu.

• He poʻo ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 35 mm, kokoke i ka duodenum, a loaʻa ia i ke kahua I - III o ka lumbar vertebra.
• He kūlohelohe kona kino i ke kūlana, ana ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 mm a localised ma kahi o ka lebrar I lumbar.
• Kuhi me ka nui o kahi ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 30 mm, i haʻi ʻia.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pancreas i ke kūlana maʻamau ma waena o ka 160-230 mm.

ʻO kona ʻāpana ʻokoʻa loa ke poʻo. ʻO ke kino a me ka lāwiki līwī, e kū ana i nā puka o ka spleen. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau ʻekolu i kahi capsule pale - kahi pale i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao pili.

ʻO ke kūloko i nā pancreas ma ke kino o ke kanaka

E pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, aia ka pancreas i ke ala ʻoi loa a kū i ke ana o ka retroperitoneal.

Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, ka nāheleʻe i hope ma hope o ka kuʻi, i mua - i ka ʻōpū, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, mai lalo a ma luna - ka duodenum, a hema - ka spleen. ʻO ka aorta ʻōpū, lymph nodes, a me nā celiac plexus e pili ana i hope o ka pancreas. Aia ka huelo ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka spleen, kokoke i ka lālā hema a me ka kelepaʻi adrenal i waiho ʻia. Hoʻokahi ka pēpē sebaceous e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kumulāʻau mai ka ʻōpū.

ʻO ke wahi o ka pancreas e pili ana i ka ʻōpū a me nā kuʻuna e wehewehe i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e ma ke ʻano o ke poʻo a hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia ka ʻehaʻeha o ka maʻi ma ka noho o ka mea maʻi, e hilinaʻi iki i mua. Hōʻike hōʻike maoli ke ʻano me kēia kūlana o ke kino, ʻo ka ukana ma luna o ka pancreas he liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ka ʻōpū, hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka gravity, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopiʻi i ka pili ma kāna ʻano.

Ka mōʻaukala o ka pancreas

He pancveas ka pihi o ka pancreas ma muli o ʻelua mau hana nui - e hana i ka wai pancreatitis a me nā hua huna secrete. Ma kēia mea, pili ka ʻāpana endocrine, ma kahi o 2% o ka nui o ka huelo, a me ka ʻāpana exocrine, ma kahi o 98%, kahi huna ʻia i loko o ka aila.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa exocrine e ka pancreatic acini a me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā kumu excretory. ʻO ka acinus ka mea e pili ana i ka 10 me nā pancreatocytes e kū pono i kēlā me kēia, me nā pūnao centroacinar (nā huina epithelial) o nā kahe excretory. Ma o kēia mau auhau, ʻo ka ʻili i hana ʻia e ka gland e komo mua i loko o ka auwai lelo, a laila i loko o ka interlobular, a hope, ma muli o ko lākou ʻano, i loko o ka papa pancreatic nui.

ʻO ka hapa endocrine o ka pancreas kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mokupuni ʻo Langerans e kū ana ma ka huelo a kū ma waena o ka acini (ʻike kiʻi):

ʻO nā mokupuni o Langerans kahi mea āpau wale nō he mau pua o nā ʻāpana he ana he 0.4 mm. ʻO ka nui hao ka mea e pili ana i hoʻokahi miliona mau o kēia mau papa. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mokupuni o Langerans me ka acini ma o ka ʻāpana palupalu o ke kiko paʻili, a i ʻoki ʻia e ka nui o nā capillaries.

ʻO nā mea i kūkulu ʻia i nā mokupuni o Langerans e loaʻa i nā ʻano he 5 o ka nui o nā hormones, kahi 2 o nā ʻano, glucagon a me insulin, e hana wale nei e nā pancreas, a loaʻa i kahi kuleana nui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaʻina metabola.