Kālā 5

ʻO ka pae o ka glucose i loko o ke koko kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻomau o ka nohona o loko, hōʻike ana ia i ka pololei o nā kaʻina metabola, a aneane ua pau ka pae endocrine a me ka lolo i ka mālama ʻia.

Hiki ke loaʻa ka emi ʻana o ke kaʻe o ke koko ma muli o ka hormone hoʻokahi - ka insulin. ʻO ka maʻamau, hōʻike ʻia nā mea liʻiliʻi ma ka helu, a me ka pane ʻana i ka ʻai i ka meaʻai, ʻo kāna hoʻokuʻu mua e hiki ai i ka glucose ke komo i loko o nā kōpona a hui pū i ke ʻano o ka ikehu. ʻO nā huaʻoniʻoni o nā kelepa adrenal, nā gland thyroid a me ka glucagon mai nā selela alpha pancreatic i hoʻopili nui i ka glycemia.

Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i ka glycemia i nā kānaka a pau no ka pākeke a me nā makahiki ʻelemakule ma kahi o 1 mau makahiki i ka makahiki, a inā pilikia ke kanaka no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, a laila pinepine pinepine. Pono ʻoe e nānā i kāu kaila koko no nā hōʻailona e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi maʻi.

Pehea e hoʻoponopono ʻia ai ka glucose koko.

Hoʻomaʻaʻa ʻia nā ea no nā ʻōpū o ke kino ma ke ʻano he mea ikehu. Hoʻokomo ʻia kona komo i loko o ke kino i ka nui o ka ʻai e loaʻa ai nā kīleʻa.

I ka manawa like, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka komo ʻana i ke koko e ke kumu - mai nā kaona māmā maʻalahi e hoʻomaka ia i loko o ka ana o ka waha, a ʻo nā mea paʻakikī hoʻi e wāwahi mua ʻia e ka enzyme amylase, a laila komo ka glucose mai o lākou e komo pū i ke koko.

A laila hoʻohana kekahi i nā ʻāpana o ka glucose no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā biochemical, a ʻo ka hapa nui i mālama ʻia i loko o ke ate me ka glycogen e hoʻohana no ka nui o ke olakino a noʻonoʻo paha, ka nele o ka pono.

Eia nō hoʻi, ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka glycemia e nā ʻano hana.

• ʻO ke komo ʻana o nā kaona i hilinaʻi ʻia o ka inika (aū, nā ʻōpū a me nā kaila adipose) i loko o ka pūnaewele e loaʻa ai ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka insulin me kahi mea kūono.
• ʻO ka haki ʻana o ka glycogen a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā molekula glucose hou i loko o ka ate ka hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka insulin.
• ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka insulin a me ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana o ka glucose i nā kiko e kū ai i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono neuroendocrine: nā hypothalamus a me ka pituitary gland, me nā pancreas a me nā kelepa adrenal.

Me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka glucose i ke koko, hoʻonui ka hoʻokahe insulin. Hoʻopuka kēia me ka hoʻowalewale pololei ʻana e ka molekuleka o nā glucose i nā ʻāpana kūwaha o ka pancreas. ʻO ke ala ʻelua e hoʻopihapiha i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka insulin, ʻo ia ka hoʻolaʻa i nā mea kūlike i ka hypothalamus, ka mea i maʻa i nā pae glucose.

ʻAe ke kauoha a Insulin i ka palu e synthesize i ka glycogen mai i ka hoʻokahe o ke koko, a me nā ʻona e hoʻokomo ai. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻohi nā kō o ke koko. ʻO kahi antagonist insulin he lua o ka hormone pancreatic (glucagon). Inā hōʻemi ka nui o ka glucose, a laila komo ke kaona i ke kahe a hoʻōla i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā hale kūʻai o glycogen a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā glucose hou i loko o ka ate.

ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ka medulla adrenal, kahi i loaʻa iā norepinephrine a me adrenaline, nā glucocorticoids mai ka cortex, i like nā hopena like me ka glucagon. Ke ulu nui nei ka hormone a me ka thyroxine (thyroid hormone) hiki ke hoʻonui i ka glycemia.

ʻO ia, ʻo nā hormone āpau i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā o ke kaumaha, hoʻonui i ka hana o ka hoʻopalike a me ka hoʻonaninani i nā kaila koko, a me nā leo kiʻekiʻe o ka keʻena parasympathetic he mau ʻokoʻa (hoʻohaʻahaʻa).

No laila, ʻoi aku ka pō hohonu a me ke kakahiaka ma waena o ka mana o ka parasympathetic, ke kaomi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa.

Pūkahu koko

ʻO ka papa hana mua o ka noiʻi gula e lawe ʻia ma hope o kahi hoʻomaha no 8-hola i loko o ka papaʻaina, ʻoiai ma ke kakahiaka. Ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke inu i ka kofe, uahi, pāʻani hāmeʻa. Hiki i ka loiloi ke mālama ʻia i loko o kekahi mau ʻoihana a i ʻole kūʻokoʻa ʻole i ka home.

No ka hana i kēia, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi kelepona paʻa - he glucometer. ʻO kahi mea hoʻohālike me kahi set o nā scarifiers no ka hoʻopiʻi manamana lima a me nā kaha hōʻike. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, pono ʻoe e pā i ka uluna o ke apo aiʻole ka manamana lima waena. Ua holoi mua ʻia nā lima i ka wai wela me ka paila.

Ua maloʻo loa ka wahi puncture i mea ʻole ka wai i ka hoʻopaloli ʻole i ka hopena hōʻike. Hoʻonā ʻia ka uluna liʻiliʻi me ka lancet ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka manamana lima ma o 2-3 mm, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ka hāʻule mua o ke koko, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka lua i ke kumu o ka hoʻāʻo. Pono ke pīpī ʻana i ka manamana lima i ʻole e komo ai ka lolo i ke koko.

ʻO ka loiloi ʻana o nā hopena o kahi hōʻike koko e loaʻa e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻe:

Inā he kānalua i ka hopena o ka maʻi, a me nā waiwai palena palena, ʻo ka hele ʻana o nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi mellitus, ua hōʻike ʻia ka mea maʻi me ka ukana o ka glucose. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā mea maʻi me nā hōʻailona o ka atherosclerosis, ka maʻi hypertension, obesity, polyneuropathy o kahi ʻike ʻole a me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i nā lāʻau hormonal.

No ka mālama ʻana i ka hōʻike ʻekolu i nā lā ʻekolu, pono ka mea maʻi e pili pono i kāna papa maʻamau, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana me ke kauka i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, kāpae i ke kaumaha, overeating, a me ka inu ʻona. ʻO ka noho inu ʻona, mau nō ia, akā ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana he hiki ke lōʻihi ma mua o 12-14 mau hola.

Hoʻopili ʻia ke ana ʻana i ka ʻōpū ʻole, a laila ma hope o 60 mau minuke a i ʻelua mau hola ma hope o ka lawe ʻana o 75 g o glucose. ʻO ka helu e hoʻoili ai ke kino i ka glucose. Manaʻo nā hōʻailona maʻamau i ka hoʻonui ʻana i 7.7 mmol / l. Inā ma hope o 2 mau manawa, ʻoi aku ka piʻi ʻana o ka glycemia ma luna o 11.1, a laila he mea kēia e hōʻoia nei i ka makemake o ka maʻi maʻi.

ʻImi ʻia nā hōʻailona ma waena o kēia mau waiwai i kahi papa latent o ka maʻi mellitus, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā hāmeʻe. I kēlā mau hihia, ua kauoha ʻia kahi meaʻai e kaupalena ana i nā hoʻokaʻawale a me nā ʻona holoholona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana a prophylactic i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau, he mea pono ke hoʻemi i ka momona o ke kino i ka wā o ka momona.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai kōʻai koko i ke wā kamaliʻi

I loko o ke koko o nā kamaliʻi, ʻo ka emi o ke kō ka wai i loko. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia kēia i ka hihia o kahi keiki i hānau mua ma mua.

ʻO nā waiwai maʻamau no nā pēpē mai 2.75 a 4.35 mmol / L, ke kō koko koko i loko o nā keiki o ka mua o ke kula a hiki i 5 mmol / L ka mea o ka palena palena kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e iho i lalo o 3.3 mmol / L.

No nā kamaliʻi kula, ʻo nā palena like nā pākeke e lawe ʻia ka ʻano maʻamau. Inā i nā keiki e hookeai ana i ke kō koko koko o 6.2 mmol / L ke ʻike ʻia, a laila kapa ʻia kēia ma ka hyperglycemia, nā helu glucose i lalo o 2,5 mmol / L - hypoglycemia.

Hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike me kahi ukana o ka glucose i ka wā e ʻike ai ke keiki i kahi hōʻailona o 5.5 - 6.1 mmol / l. Hāʻawi ʻia ka Glucose i nā keiki ma ka pae o 1.75 g / kg pākeke o ke kaumaha o ke kino.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes me kahi ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ʻole o 5 a i luna, a ʻelua mau hola ma hope o 7.7 (nā waiwai āpau i mmol / l).

Inpela kalaiʻa metabolism i ka wā hāpai

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kino o nā wahine i ka wā hāpai i lalo o ka mana o nā hormones e hana i nā ovaries a me ka plasenta, a me ke cortex adrenal. Ke hana nei kēlā mau hormon āpau i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē i ka insulin. No laila, hāpai nā wahine hāpai i ka pale ʻana i ka insulin, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he physiological.

Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka pae o ka insulin e lanakila ai, a laila hoʻomohala ka wahine i ka maʻi maʻi gestational. Ma hope o ka hānau keiki ʻana, ua nalo nā maʻi o nā wahine hāpai a hoʻi hou nā hōʻailona. Akā e hopoia kēia mau mea maʻi i kahi hui pilikia, a ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻino e hiki ai iā lākou ke loaʻa i ke ʻano ʻoiaʻiʻo maʻi type 2.

ʻAʻole maʻamau ka maʻi maʻi gestational me nā hōʻailona lapaʻau o ka hyperglycemia, akā no kahi keiki he pōpilikia kēia ʻano o ka makuahine. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke koko koko kiʻekiʻe, a laila hiki ke hānau ʻia ke pēpē me nā hana hoʻonui maʻi. ʻO ka manawa weliweli loa no ka maʻi diabetes mai ka 4 a 8 mau malama o ka hōʻeha.

ʻO ka hui pilikia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mellitus maʻi diabetes:

• ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o ka hapai a me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i kēia manawa.
• Pākuʻi ʻaʻai ʻoka 2 ma nā hoahānau pili kokoke.
• ʻAno hānai poʻi a make paha nā hamuna i nā wā hāpai mua.
• Nā ʻōmole o ka hoʻolālā a i kahi hāpai nui loa.
• ʻŌnuʻi līpū polū.

ʻO nā hōʻailona no ka maʻi maʻi: ka wikiwiki o ka glycemia ma luna o 6.1 mmol / l, a ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka glucose (ʻoi aku ka hoʻoliʻi hoʻoliʻi glucose) ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma ka 7.8 mmol / l.

He aha nā ala e hoʻololi ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō i loko o ke koko?

ʻAʻole pili paha nā loli i loko o ke koko me nā kūlana pathological. Kū pinepine ʻo Glycemia ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea momona maʻalahi. Hoʻonui ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kō koko koko no ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana, mai kēia manawa ke hoʻopau nā hale kūʻai o ka glycogen ma nā io o ka ʻiʻo.

ʻO nā Episodes o ka hyperglycemia e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hormones stress e hele i ka ʻeha hōʻeha, i ka manawa koʻikoʻi o ka infococote myocardial, kuʻekuʻe epileptic, e ʻā ana me kahi wahi nui o ka pōʻino.

Ke emi nei ka pale ʻana i nā pale kālai me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka duodenum a i ʻole ʻōpū. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻaʻole i lohi ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū a komo koke i loko o nā ʻōpū, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ka glucose i ke kahe koko.

ʻO ka hoʻonui lōʻihi loa i ke kō koko koko, kahi e hōʻeha ai i nā kīʻaha koko a me nā koina o ka nerve, hele pū me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO kēia ke kumu maʻamau o ka hyperglycemia. Hōʻeha ka maʻi genetic i ka type 1 diabetes mellitus, a me nā maʻi, nā koʻikoʻi, nā hana a me nā kūlana palekana ke lilo i kumu hoʻoweliweli.

ʻO ke ʻano maʻi maʻi lua he kumu hoʻoilina ma ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, akā ʻoi aku ka ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana no ia mea i ka wā ʻelemakule a ʻelemakule paha, me ka mea kaupaona ʻana, me nā pōʻino concomitant, hypertension arterial, atherosclerosis.

ʻO nā maʻi e alakaʻi i ka hyperglycemia (koe wale nō i ka maʻi maʻi).

1. Maʻi maʻi.
2. ʻO ka pancreatitis, ka maʻi pālua o pancreatic.
3. Hōʻalo i ka pancreas.
4. Nā hōʻeha ʻeha Traumatic.
5. Thyrotoxicosis.
6. Nā maʻi Holaal: acromegalmia, Sēneana Hisenko-Cush, gigantism, pheochromocytoma.

Ke hoʻolōʻihi nei i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka hui o nā lāʻau antihypertensive, diuretic a me psychotropic, contraceptives waha, glucocorticosteroids, lāʻau lapaʻau thyrotropic a me catecholamines hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka glucose.

ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa koko koko i loko o kahi keiki a makua ʻole ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi kahi pōʻino, ʻoiai ua hoʻemi ʻia ka mea kūpono o nā kuhi o nā lolo, hiki i ka hypoglycemic coma ke hopena i ka make. ʻO kēia hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka maʻi mellitus mika kūpono ʻole inā ke ʻoi aku ka mea maʻi ma mua o ke ʻano o ka insulin a i ʻole ke kīpī i ka pāʻina, a hōʻino wale i ka wai ʻaka.

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka insulin a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau hoʻohiolo gula i lalo o ka wai, aspirin, antibiotics, kekahi antidepressants, antihistamines e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka glycemia. Me ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka insulin ʻaʻole ma lalo o ka ʻili, akā hiki i ke kaua hypoglycemic ulu i loko o intramuscularly.

ʻO nā alahele i hāʻule ai ke kō o ke koko: nā hepatic necrosis, kahi i hoʻemi ai i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā mea momona i loko o nā ʻōpū (malabsorption), kahi maʻi Addison (hōʻemi i ka hana adrenal), hoʻoemi i ka hana pituitary, ka pancreatic tumor.

Ke hana nei i kahi maʻi maʻi, pono e mālama i nā hewa o kaʻai, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke olakino a me ke kaumaha, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā pae e pili ana i ka hormonal, ʻoi aku i nā wahine.

No laila, ʻaʻole ka hāʻawi i kahi pāʻina hoʻokahi o ka honu koko i ka ʻikepili piha e pili ana i ka mokuʻāina o ka hana metabolism. No ka hōʻoia i ka hōʻike maʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike piha: kahi hōʻike loiloi biochemical kiko, hoʻoholo i ka hemoglobin glycated, urinalysis, a, e like me nā hōʻike, kahi loiloi ultrasound.

He aha ka mea inā e kū mai ke kō koko? E wehewehe ʻia kēia e ka mea loea ma ka wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.