1. He kiko kala kala ʻole ia, he ʻaina i loko o ka wai.

2. ʻO ka ʻōmole hanu o ka sucrose he 160 ° C.

3. I ka hoʻomakeʻa ʻana o ka sukela molten, ua hana ʻia kahi papahū amorphous - caramel.

4. Loaʻa ia i nā mea kanu he nui: ma ka wai o Birch, maple, i kāloti, nā melons, a me nā kōkō hano a me ke kō.

ʻO ka ʻano hana a me nā huahana kūlohelohe.

1. ʻO ka hua molole o ka sukrose ʻo C 12 H 22 O 11.

2. He ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka Sucrose ma mua o ka glucose.

3. ʻO ka paʻa o nā pūʻulu hydroxyl i ka mole o ka sucrose e hōʻoia maʻalahi e ka hopena me ka hydroxides metal.

Inā hoʻohui ʻia ka hopena sucrose i ka hydroxide keleawe (II), i hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi ʻulaʻula mālamalama o ke kōpaʻa keleawe.

4. ʻAʻohe hui aldehyde ma ka sukrose: i ka wā i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me kahi hopena amonia o ka ʻōkio kala kala (I), ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i kahi "aniani kālā"; i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me ke keleawe (II) hydroxide, ʻaʻole ia e hana i ke keleawe mika wulu (I).

5. ʻO ka Sucrose, ʻaʻole like ka glucose, ʻaʻole ia he aldehyde.

6. ʻO ka Sucrose ka mea nui o ka disaccharides.

7. Loaʻa ia mai ka sugar sugar (loaʻa i nā 28% sucrose mai ka maloʻo maloʻo) a mai ka kōmaea.

ʻO ka hopena o ka sucrose me ka wai.

Inā e hoʻolapalapa ʻoe i ka hopena o ka sucrose me nā hua liʻiliʻi o ka hydrochloric aiʻole sulfuric acid a hoʻokaʻawale i ka waikawa me ka alkali, a laila hoʻomoʻa i ka kūpaʻa me ke keleawe (II) hydroxide, kahi hōʻaiʻe red mole.

I ka wā e hoʻolapalapa ʻia ai ka hopena sucrose, kūleʻa nā moleki me nā pūʻulu aldehyde, e hoʻihoʻi ana i ke keleawe (II) hydroxide i ke kele o ka oxide (I). Hōʻike kēia hōʻike i ka sucrose ma lalo o ka hopena catalytic o ka waikona e hana i ka hydrolysis, hiki i ke kumu o ka glucose a me ka fructose.

C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O → C 6 H 12 O 6 + C 6 H 12 O 6.

6. ʻO ka molekole sucrose ka lua o ka glucose a me nā koina fructose e hui pū ʻia.

ʻO ka isomers sucrose i loaʻa nā molekene molekine C 12 H 22 O 11, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maltose a me ka lactose.

1) loaʻa mai ka maltose mai ke kōpana ma lalo o ka mana o ka malt,

2) Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi he malt sugar,

3) ma luna o ka hydrolysis, hoʻokumu i ka glucose:

C 12 H 22 O 11 (maltose) + H 2 O → 2C 6 H 12 O 6 (glucose).

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lactose: 1) loaʻa ka lactose (ka waiū waiū) i ka waiū, 2) he momona nui ia, 3) inā ka hydrolyzed, lactose decomposes i ka glucose a me ka galactose - kahi isomer o ka glucose a me ka fructose, kahi mea koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me ke ʻano o nā mea

ʻO ka poʻe i akamai maikaʻi i ka chemistry, ʻike lākou ʻo ka hilahila maʻamau i hana ʻia ka disaccharide. Aia ia he ʻelua māhele, he glucose a me ka fructose i nā kūlike like.

ʻO Sucrose, ma ka ʻaoʻao, he huʻuola a he ʻano aniani a he ʻano manawale ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā i hoʻolaha ai i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me kahi hoʻomaha e hiki mai ana, loaʻa ka nui i ka momona brownish - karamel.

ʻAʻohe sucrose maʻemaʻe.

Loaʻa ʻia ka huahana mai nā kumu kū maoli.

• honi gula (23%),
• kōmala (e pili ana i 20%).

I ko mākou ʻāina, e hoʻokūkū ke koho mua iā ia. Kuhi ʻia ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka momona mai kēia mau huahana mai ka hoʻopihapiha me ka wai i nā mea kanu kūikawā. ʻO ka wai i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a maloʻo ʻia a hiki i kona hoʻololi ʻana i ka syrup. Ma hope o kēlā, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wai i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a ʻoi ʻia nā crystals hopena i hua i ka makemake like a hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka manaʻo.

ʻO ke Dose ʻO kēlā me kēia lā

He haʻalulu loa ka mea ʻona o ka huahana - ma kahi o 400 kcal no 100 g mau mea, i mea e hoʻomālamalama hou ʻia, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i loko o 1 tsp. hiki ke kō mai ka 15 a 30 kcal, ma muli o ka piha me kahi kīwē a ʻole ʻole.

Aia nō kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo:

• nā keiki ma lalo o 3 mau makahiki - a hiki i 15 g i kēlā me kēia lā.
• preschooling - 15-25 g,
• nā pākeke - 30-35 g.

No ka ʻike. I ka 1 tsp. aia ma kahi o 5 g o ka nui hoʻokomo. Akā pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole i ka meli maoli, akā ʻo ka hūnā nūnā, ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa i ka confectionery, nā hua, nā kīʻaha o ka honi, nā lāʻau ʻukena, ʻoihana a me nā ketchup. Ma waho o ka ʻike ʻole ʻana, hiki i kahi kanaka ke hoʻopau i ka 50-60 tsp. honu gula i kēlā me kēia lā.

Hoʻohana maikaʻi ka sucrose i ke kino. No ka mea, he kala maʻalahi kēia, e komo i loko o ke koko, e hoʻohaʻaha i ka pae o ka glucose i loko o ke koko, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Hoʻopiʻi ka Sugar, a i kou hoʻāʻo ʻana e hōʻole iā ia, e lilo a make i ke kanaka, huhū, ʻeha a māluhiluhi.

Akā ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻana i ke kō i loko o ka meaʻai ʻaʻole mau paʻakikī:

• e haʻalele i nā mea momona,
• kaupalena nā huahana confectionery, e hoʻonoho iā ia me nā hua,
• hāʻawi i ka makemake i nā hua i mālama ʻia i ka wai a i ʻole ka wai i loko, akā ʻaʻole i ka ʻaila.
• inu nui i ka wai ma mua o ka wai momona.
• mai hui pū i ka kīʻī kīʻaha a i ʻole me nā kolo,
• hoʻonohonoho i nā meaʻai olakino - nā huaʻai, nā lau, nā ʻalā a me nā hua ʻai ma kahi o nā keke a me nā kuki.

He mea maʻalahi ke hahai i kēia mau ʻōkuhi ʻana, lawa ia e hoʻoponopono hou i kāu ʻaiʻai a hoʻokū hou ʻia i nā mea inu a me nā huahana meaʻai.

ʻO nā waiwai e pono ai no ke kino kanaka

Loaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o sukrose i ke kino wale nō ma nā hihia o ke kumukūʻai maʻalahi a me ka pono. ʻO kāna hana koʻikoʻi ʻoi ka saturate i kahi kanaka me ka ikehu.

Akā, ma waho o kēia, he nui nā mea pono e hoʻohana ana:

• hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ate,
• hoʻoikaika i ka hana ʻana o ka "hormone hauʻoli",
• hoʻoulu o ka piʻi polebral,
• ʻhylelo hemolele
• hopena maikaʻi ma ka spleen.

I kahi moʻolelo. Pono ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kō me ka hana ikaika pū kekahi.

Hoʻopili i nā gula keʻokeʻo maʻamau, aia nō hoʻi i ke brown - unrefined a ʻaʻole i kau ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻē aʻe. Iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kāna "kamaliʻi" hanohano, no ka mea ua haʻahaʻa ka haʻahaʻa o kona calorie a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna kumu biolo. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka manaʻo o ka honi gula ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka nui ʻole.

He pono e pono ai no ka hapai a me ka lactation

I ka wā o ka lawe a hānai i ke keiki, ʻike nui nā wahine he mea paʻakikī ke kāohi iā lākou iho i nā ʻano o ka meaʻai. Inā makemake maoli kekahi wahine hāpai i nā sweets, e ʻai maoli ia. Akā, pono ʻoe e makaʻala a ʻike pono.

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka honi hiki ke hoʻowalewale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi pehu i ke keiki hānau ʻole. A ʻo kahi wahine hāpai a lactating paha me kahi niho hānai e pilikia ke lilo i ka momona.

Akā ʻaʻole kahi mea kūpono o ke kō e hana maikaʻi ai, akā kōkua ke kiʻi i ka nui o ka ikehu a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano.

ʻO nā wahi o ka sucrose

He waiwai nui ka Disaccharide i ka ʻoihana meaʻai - hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea ʻono, mālama a i ʻole he huahana kūʻokoʻa. A hoʻohana pū ʻia he substrate no nā ʻano like ʻole. Mai nā wahi'ē aʻe o ka hoʻohana - pharmacology, cosmetology, ʻoihana.

ʻO Sumrose a i ʻole nā ​​mea waiwai i hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka mea la, i nā hihia hōʻino, i hele pū ʻia me ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ke kino, hoʻohana ʻia kona hoʻonā ʻia ke ʻano he hōʻola e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke ʻano o ka mea i make. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia e kōkua i ka ʻāʻī e hoʻopau i nā hana a me nā mea ʻino e hoʻopilikia ai i ke kino.

ʻO nā maʻi a me nā hōʻeha

ʻO ka make ʻole o ka hilahila maʻamau a hoʻohelena wale nō e hoʻopilikia i ke kino. Hoʻomaʻomoʻa ʻia kēia i ka mea i nā ʻoluʻolu organoleptic maikaʻi o ka huahana e hoʻowalewale i ke kanaka e hoʻopau i ka momona ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka mea e pono ai.

Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā pilikia e pili ana i ke ola me ka niho momona:

• uluhua a me ke kumu maʻi,
• maʻi mellitus maʻiʻi
• cary hana
• nā pepeke
• makua kahiko
• nāwaliwali o ka ʻōnaehana pale,
• ka wahī ʻana o nā mea āpau a me nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino.

Ke hoʻohana nei ka ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao kai hou i ka hilo ma nā hōkeo loa. ʻO ka laʻana, hiki i ka kiko o nā huahana i nā mea momona maikaʻi ke piʻi i 10%. Ua nui kēia. Hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena like ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 4-5 tsp i kahi kīʻaha o ke kīwī. liuliu. Akā, ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ke inu i kēlā ʻawaʻawa, a inu nā mākua a me nā keiki i nā huahana momona (Coca-Cola, Sprite, kāhea ʻia o ka wai o ka hua) me ka ʻoliʻoli nui, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka kānalua no ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ko lākou olakino.

Pili ka mea like me nā huahana meaʻai ʻē aʻe. I ka kōmaʻa, nā ʻuala, nā yoghurts a me nā kai moana, hiki i ka nui o ke kōpona ke kiʻekiʻe ʻole. Hana ʻia kēia e hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka ʻono o nā huahana.

No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka meaʻino i ka kō, inā no ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi, hoʻomaka nā huahana meaʻai e hana i nā huahana like ʻole me ka substitutes - sorbitol, xylitol, aspartame, saccharin. Momona lākou, akā ʻaʻole he calorie kiʻekiʻe, akā me kā lākou hoʻohana nui hiki i nā mea hōʻeha he nui i ke kino.

No laila, ʻo ke ala wale nō e pale aku iā ʻoe iho a me kāu poʻe keiki ʻaʻole i komo i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻana, ʻūlū niu a me nā mea inu momona. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hāʻawi i ka makemake i nā mea momona maoli - stevia, meli, aele a waive a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

He aha ka sucrose: nā waiwai a me nā rula no ka hoʻohana

ʻO ka Sucrose kahi hui pūlima. ʻO nā kumu nui o ka sucrose nā mea kanu o ka hui e lawe ana i ka chlorophyll-sugar, sugarcane, beets a me ka mais. Wahi a ka nui o nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻike ʻia ka sukrose ma ka aneane o nā mea kanu a pau ka hana koʻikoʻi nui i ke ola o kēlā me kēia kanaka.

Ua koho ʻia ka Sucrose e kahi disaccharide. Ma lalo o ke kumu o nā enzyme a i ʻole acid, e wāwahi iā ia i ka fructose a me ka glucose, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hapa o ka polysaccharides. ʻO ke kumu nui a me nā kumu maʻamau o ia ʻano mea e like me ka sukerose, ʻo ia ka honi maoli, ke kūʻai aku ia ma kahi kokoke paha o kekahi hale kūʻai.

ʻO nā waiwai nui o ka sukrose

ʻO ka Sucrose kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻole, he aniani crystalline e hoʻopau koke i ka wai.

I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai ka sukrose, e pono ana ke mahana o ka liʻiliʻi o 160 degere.

I ka hiki ʻana o ka molrose molū, e hoʻopuni ana i ka palupalu a i ʻole, no ka ʻōlelo ʻēʻa kākela.

ʻO nā mea nui a me nā mea e pili ana i ka sukrose:

1. ʻO ia ke ʻano nui o ka disaccharide.
2. ʻAʻole pili e pili ana i ka aldehydes.
3. I ka wā wela, ʻaʻohe no ka hopena "nānā i ke aniani" a ʻaʻole hana ʻia ka oxide keleawe.
4. Inā e hoʻolapalapa ʻoe i ka hopena o ka sucrose me ka hoʻohui o kekahi mau minuke o ka hydrochloric a i ka waikawa sulfuric, a laila hoʻokaʻawale iā ia me ka alkali a wela i ka hoʻonā, ʻike ʻia kahi pakanalula.

ʻO kahi ala e hoʻohana ai i ka sucrose i ka hoʻomehana iā ia i ka hui pū me ka wai a me ka waikawa. I mua o kahi enme invertase a i ʻole ka ʻano o ka waikawa ikaika, ʻike ʻia ka hydrolysis o ka hoʻohui. ʻO ka hopena he hana hoʻoilo gula. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia honi waiʻuʻu me ka nui o nā huahana meaʻai, ka hana ʻana o ka meli kūlohelohe, i pale ʻole ai i ka crystallization o nā pika, ka hana ʻana o nā molamika caramelized a me nā pololua.

Ka hopena o ka sucrose ma ke kino

ʻOiai ke kau ʻole ʻia o ka sucrose maʻa, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia he kumu piha piha o ka ʻawa no ke kino.

Me ka nele o kēia kumuhana, ke hōʻoia pono i ka hana pono o nā kino kanaka.

No ka hoʻohālike, hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻo sucrose i nā hana palekana i ka ʻāʻī o ka hana, ka hana noʻonoʻo, a hāʻawi pū nō hoʻi i ka hoʻonui i nā ʻano o ke pale ʻana o ke kino mai ke komo ʻana o nā mea make.

Loaʻa kekahi o nā nela, a me kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke musculature, kekahi o nā mea kanu mai ka sucrose.

I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palau ahonui, hōʻike ʻia ke kino kanaka i kēia mau hemahema:

• nalowale o ke ola a me ka nele o ka ikaika o ka lawa,
• ka hele ana o ka ʻeha a me ka huhū,
• kūlana ʻeha.

Eia kekahi, hoʻonāukiuki, loaʻa ka lauoho a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka nalo ke hele mai.

ʻO ka hopena sucrose, me ka hemahema, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi:

1. ke hiʻohiʻona o nā maʻi maʻi type 2,
2. ka hiʻohiʻona o ka itching ma ka māhele ʻano,
3. ka hopena i nā maʻi candidiasis,
4. hoʻonāukiuki i nā hana ʻeha i ka waha o ka waha, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ka maʻi periodontal a me nā mākaia.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka mea nui o ka sucrose i ke kino e alakaʻi i ka helehelena o ke kaumaha nui.

ʻO ke kai a me kāna hana maikaʻi

Hoʻopili i nā mea maikaʻi, i kekahi mau manawa i ka hoʻohana ʻia o sucrose he hopena maikaʻi loa o ke kino.

Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka sucrose i nā glucose a me ka sucrose, ʻike ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā radical manuahi.

Ma ke kānāwai, pāpā lākou i ka hopena o nā antibodies e kuhikuhi ana i ka pale.

No laila, lilo ke kino i nā mea i waho.

Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi o ka sucrose ma ke kino:

• Haki i nā minuke aila.
• Hoʻololi i ka hana o ka pancreatic insularus, ka mea e nānā ai i nā pathologies e like me ka maʻi diabetes, prediabetes a me ka metabolic syndrome.
• ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā mea pono e like me ke keleawe, ke chromium a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pauku B. No laila e hoʻonui ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau maʻi: sclerosis, thrombosis, hōʻeha ka naʻau a me ka hana ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana kaʻai.
• ʻO ka hoʻonāukiuki i ka maikaʻi o nā mea waiwai maikaʻi i ke kino.
• Ke hoʻonui nei i ka pae o ka acidity i loko o ke kino.
• Hoʻonui ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā maʻi ulia.
• Hoʻonui ka uluʻana o ka momona a me ka maʻi diabetes.
• ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hiamoe a me ka hoʻonui i ke kaomi systolic.
• I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻonāukiuki ka loaʻa mai o nā maʻi kūlohelohe.
• Haki i ka protein, a ma kekahi mau mea, hana genetic.
• ʻO ke ʻano o ka toxicosis i ka wā hāpai.

Hoʻohui ʻia, hōʻike ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka sukrose i ka nāʻili ʻana o ka ʻili, ka lauoho a me nā kui.

Hoʻohālikelike o ka sucrose a me ke kō

Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā huahana ʻelua, pono e ʻōlelo ana inā he gula kekahi huahana i loaʻa i ke kaʻina hana o ka sucrose, ʻo sucrose ʻo ia iho ka huahana kūpono maoli. I ka manawa pinepine, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau huaʻolelo

Hoʻokomo ʻia, the sucrose hiki ke lilo i ka hakahaka o ke kō. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka assimilation o sucrose pololei he ʻano ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. No laila, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ka sucrose ʻaʻole ia kahi mea hili gula.

ʻO ka hilinaʻi o ke gula he pilikia koʻikoʻi no ka lehulehu. I kēia hana, ua hāʻawi nā poʻe ʻepekema i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea like ʻole e palekana pono no ke kino. No ka mea, he lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Fitparad, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi loa a palekana ʻana no kāna hoʻohana, hoʻohana ʻia e like me kahi mea manawaleʻa.

ʻO ka mea nui o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea o ka nānā ʻole o ka ʻawaʻawa, ka heleʻana i nā ʻalā like e like me ke kō, a me ke ʻano. ʻO ka mea nui ke hoʻohana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hui ʻana o nā mea momona kūpono e kū nei i ke kumu kūlohelohe. ʻO kahi hana hou ma ka mālama mālama i nā waiwai kūlohelohe ʻaʻole i nalowale i ka manawa o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela.

E like me ka ʻike ʻana mai ka wehewehe ʻana, he momona ka sucrose i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā monosaccharides, ʻelua mau māhele nui.

ʻO ka wai a me ka hopena e hiki mai ana e hui pū me ka sukrose, ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi loa i ke kino.Me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kēia hoʻohui me ka unambiguously, aʻo ka mea nui i waena o ka sucrose a me ka kō maoli maoli ʻoi aku ka mea nui o ka wā ma mua.

I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka pōʻino o ka sucrose, pono ʻoe:

1. hoʻohana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo kūlohelohe ma mua o ke kō keʻokeʻo,
2. kāpae i ka nui o nā glucose e like me ke kō ʻana o ka meaʻai,
3. nānā i nā kiko o nā huahana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hiki ʻana i ke kō o ke kō a me ke kōkō hāpele,
4. inā pono, e hoʻohana i nā antioxidants e kūlohelohe i ka hana a nā radical manuahi,
5. ʻAi i ka manawa a inu i ka wai pono

Eia kekahi, e kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻoikaika i nā haʻuki.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike ma luna o nā mea momona maikaʻi loa i ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.

Nā waiwai kūlohelohe

ʻO ka waiwai nui o ka disaccharides e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai monosaccharides ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi waikawa (a ma lalo o ka hana o nā enzymes i ke kino):

С 12 Н 22 О 11 + Н2О> С 6 Н 12 О 6 + С 6 Н 12 О 6

Sukana kinipona fruktosa

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻōhulu kulu i ka wā hydrolysis e ka neʻe ʻana o kahi "aniani kālā" a i ʻole kona pilina me ke keleawe (II) hydroxide.

ʻOihana Huipuia

Ua loaʻa ka Sukrose C 12 H 22 O 11 (kōpī) mai ka nui o nā sugar sugar a me ke kō. I ka hana ʻana o sukrose, ʻaʻole i loli ka loli ʻana o ka kemika, no ka mea ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo ia i nā huahana kūlohelohe. Hāʻawi wale ʻia ia mai kēia mau huahana, inā hiki i kahi ʻano purerika.

ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka sucrose mai nā sugar sugar:

Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā beets hilo maʻemaʻe i nā slicers pīkoi i loko o nā ʻōpiki lahilahi a waiho ʻia i loko o nā moku kūikawā - diffusers e hala ai ka wai wela. A ʻo ka hopena, ua holoi ʻia ʻo nā sucrose āpau i loko o nā beets, akā me nā ʻano like ʻole, nā protein, a me nā ʻāpana kala, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai sukrose, komo i loko o ka hoʻonā.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hopena o ka hopena i ka diffusers me ka waiū o ka lime.

С 12 Н 22 О 11 + Ca (OH) 2> С С 12 Н 22 О 11 2CaO H 2 O

Hoʻolā ka calcium kalaka me ka huika i loko o ka hopena. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia nā paʻakai kalaiwa o ka nui o nā moʻa kūlohelohe. ʻO ka Sucrose me ka calcium hydroxide e hoʻohālikelike i ka wai momona o ka ʻano wai waʻa - C 12 H 22 O 11 2CaO H 2 O

3. E hoʻokaʻawale i ke kōpaʻa calcium kōpala a me ka pale ʻana i ka nui o ka hydroxide calcium, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka carbon monoxide (IV) ma o ko lākou hopena. A ke hopena, piʻi ka calcium i ke ʻano o ka carbonate:

C 12 H 22 O 11 2CaO H 2 O + 2CO 2> C 12 H 22 O 11 + 2CaCO 3 v 2 H 2 O

4. ʻOi ʻia ka hopena i loaʻa ma hope o ka ua ʻana o ka calcium carbonate i ka kānana, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana pahupaʻomaʻo a me nā kōhi gula e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka centrifugation.

Akā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hili āpau mai ka hoʻonā. Ke waiho mau nei kahi hopena ʻoka (molases), kahi me 50% sucrose. Hoʻohana ʻia nā molasses e hana i ka waikawa citric a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.

5. Ka melemele gula Isolated ka melemele o ka keʻokeʻo, no ka mea, he waihona ʻona. E hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka sucrose i ka wai a hoʻoiho ʻia ka hopena hopena e hiki ke neʻe i ka carbon carbon. A laila ke hoʻomehana hou ʻia nei ka hoʻonā nui a kau ʻia i ke crystallization. (e nānā i ka papa hana 2)

ʻO ke kūlohelohe a me ke kino kanaka

ʻO Sucrose ka ʻāpana o ka wai o nā kōkōlele gula (16 - 20%) a me ke kō ma nā kō (14 - 26%). Ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ua ʻike ʻia me ka glucose i loko o nā hua a me nā lau o nā mea kanu hua he nui.

Loaʻa ka Sucrose i nā nui o nā hua, nā huaʻaʻa, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe - nā hē aʻa a me ke kō. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hope i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻenehana e hana i ke kō, ua hoʻopau ʻia e nā kānaka.

Hoʻohālikelike ia me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka solubility, kemana inertness a me kaʻole komo i ka metabolism. ʻO ka hydrolysis (a i ʻole ka wāwahi i ka sucrose i loko o ka glucose a me ka fructose) i loko o ka hanana me ka kōkua o alpha-glucosidase, aia i loko o ka pūpoki liʻiliʻi.

I kona kiko, he lei kala monoclinic ulaula. Ma ke ala, ʻo ka caramel kaulana kahi huahana i loaʻa e ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka sucrose molten a me ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka pūnaehana i ʻike ʻia ʻo amorphous.

Ke ulu nei nā ʻāina he nui i ka sucrose. No laila, e like me ka hopena o ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana gula o ka honua i ka 110 miliona tons.

Hāpai

ʻAʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kino o nā momi, me ka poʻe hoʻi, i ka assimilation o sukrose i kona ʻano kū. No laila, ke komo nei kahi mea i ka waha waha, ma lalo o ka mana o ka lawena amylase, hoʻomaka ka hydrolysis.

ʻO ka hona nui o ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana o ka sucrose e hele mai i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, kahi, ma ke alo o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka enzyme sucrose, hoʻoneʻe a me ka fructose. Ma hope o kēia, nā monosaccharides, me ke kōkua o nā kahu kalawa (translocases) i hoʻāla ʻia e ka insulin, e hāʻawi ʻia i nā pūpū o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ma o ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ʻia. Me kēia, komo ka glucose i ka membrane mucous o ka mea ma o ke kaola ikaika (ma muli o ka loaʻa o nā ʻoni sodium. ʻO ka mahalo, ʻo ka papa hana o kona lawe ʻana i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi e hilinaʻi ʻia ana i ka neʻe o ka mea i loko o ka lumen. Me kahi ʻike nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kō, ua hana “hana” mua ʻo “transportation” hoʻolālā, a me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā monosaccharide nui mai loko mai o nā puna me ka koko. Ma hope o kona hoʻomakeʻa ʻana, lawe ʻia ka hapalua o nā mau o nā maule likina i ka puhaka i ke kūpaʻa, a ke komo nei ke koena i ka kahe o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻili o ka ʻili, kahi i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai e nā sela o nā kino a me nā kiko. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana, ua wāwahi ʻia ka glucose i ʻeono mau lākona ʻokoʻa o ka carbon dioxide, ma muli o ke ʻano he nui ka nui o nā molekui o ka ikehu (ATP). Hoʻomo ʻia ka saccharides i loko o ka ʻōpū ma o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana.

Pōmaikaʻi a me ka pono o kēlā me kēia lā

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka metabolr Sucrose i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hoʻoneʻe adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP), ʻo ia ka mea "hāʻawi" nui loa i ka ikaika ma ke kino. Kākoʻo ia i nā pūtau koko maʻamau, ka hana nui o nā aʻa o nā nerve a me nā uaua o ka naʻau. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa i kohu ʻole ʻia o ka saccharide e hoʻohana ʻia e ke kino e hana i ka glycogen, momona a me ka protein - nā hana kalona. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻo ka wāwahi i hoʻolālāʻia o ka polysaccharide mālama ʻia e hāʻawi i ka paʻa paʻa o ka glucose i loko o ke koko.

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ka pelogose he "ʻai" ʻole, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka lā i kēlā me kēia lā o ka ʻekahi o nā kilocalories i hoʻopau ʻia.

No ka mālama i ke olakino, ʻoluʻolu nā mea mālama meaʻai i ka hoʻopulapula ʻana i ka holo ʻana o nā kahe i loko o nā palaka palekana i kēia lā:

• no nā pēpē mai 1 a 3 mau makahiki he 10 - 10 gram,
• no na keiki malalo o 6 mau makahiki - 15 - 25 gram,
• no nā pākeke 30 a 40 ka pākaha i kēlā me kēia lā.

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo "ke ʻano" ka ʻōlelo, ʻaʻole wale ka pili i ka sucrose i kāna ʻano maʻa, akā ʻo ka hūnā ʻia “hūnā” i loko o nā mea inu, ʻaiā, hua, hua, confectionery, pastries. No laila, no nā keiki ma lalo o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka huahana mai ka ʻai.

ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu o 5 mau grika o ka sucrose (1 kele) ʻo 20 kilocalories.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka nele o nā mea hoʻohui i ke kino:

• kūlana kaumaha
• ʻoluʻolu
• huhū
• āhāhuʻe
• migraine
• luhi, luhi
• hiki ke hoʻohiolo
• lauoho lauoho
• huhuloha make.

Pono e hoʻonui i ke disaccharide me:

• ka hana koʻikoʻi o ka lolo (ma muli o ka lilo o ka ikaika e hoʻomau i ka hele ʻana o kahi kipi ma ke ake o ka axon axal nerve - dendrite).
• ka hana i hoʻopā ke waiho ʻia ma ke kino (hana ʻo sucrose i kahi hana pale, pale i nā ʻāpana o nā ate me ka glucuronic a me nā ʻāpana sulfuric).

E hoʻomanaʻo, he mea nui loa e makaʻala me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lā o ka sucrose i kēlā me kēia lā, no ka mea, ua paʻapū ka nui o nā mea momona i loko o ke kino me nā hana o nā papa hana pancreas, nā alaʻala o nā kino cardiovascular, a me ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea kuʻuna.

Hoʻohuli maikaʻi

I ka hana ʻana o ka hydrolysis o ka sukrose, ka mea i kū aʻe i ka glucose a me ka fructose, hanai ʻia nā radical manuahi e pani ai i ka hana o nā antibodies pale. ʻO nā hua molekular "hoʻopili" i ka ʻōnaehana o ke kanaka, ma muli o ke ʻano e lilo ai ke kino i ka lele ʻana o nā "loio" haole. Hōʻalo kēia ʻōiwi i ka pale ʻana o ka hormonal a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi hana.

Nā hopena maikaʻiʻole o ka sucrose i ke kino:

• kumu i kue ai i ka minerism metabolism,
• "Bombards" nā mea hana i ka pancreas o ka pancreas, ka mea maʻi o nā huina o ke kino (diabetes, prediabetes, metabolabth syndrome),
• hōʻemi i ka hana hana o nā enzymes,
• haʻalele i ke keleawe, ke chromium a me nā B vitamina mai ke kino, e hoʻonui ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka sclerosis, thrombosis, hōʻeha ka naʻau, nā ala āpau o nā kīʻaha koko,
• hōʻemi i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi,
• hoʻonāukiuki i ke kino, e hoʻonāukiuki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waikawa,
• hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka calcium a me ka magnesium i ka digestive tract,
• hoʻonui i ka acidity o ka waiʻona gastric,
• hoonui i ka pilikia o colitis ulcerative,
• potentiates obesity, the development of parasitic invasions, the face of hemorrhoids, pulmonary emphysema,
• hoʻonui i ke kiʻekiʻe adrenaline (i nā keiki),
• hoʻonāukiuki i ka ulia o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, 12 - ulia duodenal, appendicitis maʻi, ke kūpaʻa o ka homa,
• hoonui i ka pilikia o ischemia puʻuwai, osteoporosis,
• hiki i ka piha o ka caries, periodontal maʻi,
• kumu ke hiamoe (i nā keiki),
• hoonui i ka mekala ole,
• nā kumu hōʻeha (ma muli o ke hoʻokumu ʻana o nā paʻakai uric).
• "Pākuʻikahi" i ke kino, hoʻonāukiuki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi pā meaʻai,
• wāwahi i ke ʻano o ka protein, a i kekahi manawa a me ke ʻano genetic,
• kumu i nā toxicosis i nā wahine hāpai,
• hoʻololi i ka molekō pololi, potentiating i ka nānā ʻana o ka lauoho hina kahiko.
• hoʻopilikia i ka hana o ka ʻili, ka lauoho, nā kui.

Inā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūleʻa o ka sucrose i ke koko ma mua o ke kino e pono ai, e hoʻohuli ʻia ka nui o ka glucose i ka glycogen, i waiho ʻia i loko o nā māhina a me nā ate. I ka manawa like, ʻoi loa ka nui o nā mea i loko o nā mea i hoʻowalewale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi "depot" a alakaʻi i ka hoʻololi o ka polysaccharide i nā pūhui momona.

Pehea e hōʻemi ai i ka hōʻeha o ka sucrose?

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka sucrose potentiates i ke koena o ka holi o ka hauʻoli (serotonin), ke kau ʻana o ka meaʻai momona i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka pale a psychoemotional o ke kanaka.

I kēia hihia, he mea nui e ʻike pehea e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ʻino o ka polysaccharide.

1. Kāleka i ke kōnike keʻokeʻo me nā ʻulaʻala kūlohelohe (nā hua maloʻo, ka meli), pākōlō maple, nā stevia kūlohelohe.
2. E haʻalele i nā meaʻai nui o ka glucose i kāu papaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā (mau pōkeke, nā ʻūhū, nā pōpoki, nā kuki, nā waiʻaono, nā mea inu kīkē, ka ʻona keʻokeʻo).
3. Hoʻomaopopo i nā huahana i kūʻai ʻia ʻaʻole e kau i ke kō keokeo keʻokeʻo, kōpō māla.
4. E hoʻohana i nā antioxidants e hōʻemi i nā ʻikipala manuahi a pale i ka hōʻino o ka kolagala e nā puna paʻakikī. I waena o nā mea paʻa o ka hopena o ka huaora, aia: beta - carotene, tocopherol, calcium, L - ascorbic acid, biflavanoids.
5. Eʻai i ʻelua mau ʻalemona ma hope o kahi pāʻina momona (e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o sucrose ma ke koko).
6. E inu i hoʻokahi hapa a me ka hapa lita o ka wai maʻemaʻe i kēlā me kēia lā.
7. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou waha ma hope o kēlā me kēia pāʻina.
8. Komo i loko o nā haʻuki. Hoʻopuka ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hormone kūlohelohe o ke ʻoliʻoli, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ʻano e piʻi a makemake ʻia ka makemake i nā meaʻai momona.

No ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā mea pōʻino o ke kō ma ke keʻokeʻo a ke kanaka, ua pono ke hāʻawi i nā makemake i nā mea aloha.

ʻO kēia mau mea, ma muli o ke kumu, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau hui:

• kūlohelohe (stevia, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol),
• kūlohelohe (aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, cyclamate).

Ke koho ʻana i ka ʻala o ka momona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea mua o ka hua mua, no ka mea ʻaʻole i maopopo loa nā pono o ka lua. I ka manawa like, pono ia e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hōʻino o ka wai gula (xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol) i piha me ka hopena o ka huehue.

ʻO nā kumu wai kūlohelohe

ʻO nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe o ka "sucrose kūmole he mau puna wai, nā kōkō huaʻa wai, nā wai niu maʻa, Maple Kanada, a me ka hua manu.

Eia kekahi, ka waiwai nui o ka hua māka o kekahi cereals (mais, sugar sorghum, palaoa) i ka hoʻopili pū. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā meaʻai he polysaccharide "momona".

Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka sucrose i nā helu liʻiliʻi (ma mua o 0.4 mau grika no 100 mau grika o ka huahana) aia i nā mea kanu lāʻau a pau o ka chlorophyll (ʻo nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu).

Kūʻai o ke noi

1. ʻOihana meaʻai. Hoʻohana ka Disaccharide i kahi huahana kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa (honi), mālama i ka mea (i loko o ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe), kahi mau ʻano o nā huahana kulina, nā mea inu ʻula, mea ʻala. Eia kekahi, loaʻa ka meli kūmole i ka sucrose.
2. Palapala Biochemistry Hoʻohana ʻia ka polysaccharide e like me ke substrate i ka hoʻomākaukau (fermentation) o ka glycerol, ethanol, butanol, dextran, levulinic a me nā citric acid.
3. Lapaʻau Hoʻohana ʻia ka Sucrose (mai ka honi) i ka hana ʻana i nā momi, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kīkohu, me nā mea hou o nā pēpē hou (e hāʻawi i kahi momona momona a mālama paha).

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka sucrose i hui pū ʻia me nā momona momona e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea non-ionic detergents (nā mea e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka solubility i loko o ka media ala) i ka mahiʻai, hoʻouluulu, a me ka hana o nā detergents.

ʻO Sucrose kahi 'opala i' momona 'i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o nā hua, ke aʻa a me nā hua o nā mea kanu i ka wā photosynthesis.

I ke komo ʻana i ke kino o ke kanaka, ua hāholo ka disaccharide i ka glucose a me ka fructose, e hoʻokuʻu ana i kahi kumu waiwai o ka ikehu.

ʻO nā alakaʻi i ka sukrose ka makana, ka wai maple Kanada, a me nā sugar sugar.

I ka liʻiliʻi (20 - 40 mau pākahi i kēlā me kēia lā), e waiwai ka waiwai no ke kino o ke kanaka, me ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka lolo, e hoʻolako i nā pūleʻa me ka ikaika, mālama i ka ate mai nā toxins. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hōʻino o ka sucrose, i ka wā i ka wā kamaliʻi, e alakaʻi i ke ʻano o nā hana hoʻokō, hana ʻole i ka hormonal, obesity, hōʻeha o ka niho, maʻi manawa, prediabetic state, parasitestestestest. No laila, ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka huahana, me ka hoʻolauna pū ʻana i nā sweets i nā ʻōkuhi o nā pēpē, pono e loiloi i kona waiwai a me nā hōʻino.

No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pōʻino o ke olakino, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kō o ke keʻokeʻo me ka stevia, ʻo ke gula ʻole ʻia - ka waiū, ka meli, ka fructose (ka huaʻai huaʻai), nā hua maloʻo.

ʻO ka hopena o ka sucrose me ke keleawe (II) hydroxide

Inā e hoʻolapalapa ʻoe i ka hopena o ka sucrose me kekahi mau minuke o ka hydrochloric a i ʻole sulfuric acid a hoʻokaʻawale i ka waikawa me ka alkali, a laila hoʻomoʻi i ka kūpaʻa, a laila puka nā molika me nā aldehyde mau hui, e hoʻihoʻi ana i ke keleawe (II) hydroxide i ke keleahi oxide (I). Hōʻike kēia hōʻike i ka sucrose ma lalo o ka hopena catalytic o ka waikona e hana i ka hydrolysis, hiki i ke kumu o ka glucose a me ka fructose.

C 12 H 22 O 11 + H 2 O → C 6 H 12 O 6 + C 6 H 12 O 6 < displaystyle < mathsf H_ <22> O_ <11> + H_ <2> O rightarrow C_ <6> H_ <12> O_ <6> + C_ <6> H_ <12> O_ <6> >>>.

ʻO ka hopena o ka sucrose me ke keleawe (II) hydroxide

Nui nā hui hydroxyl i loko o ka molakoli sucrose. No laila, pili ka pūhui me ke keleawe (II) hydroxide like like me ka glycerin a me ka glucose. Ke hoʻohui a hoʻonā ʻia he hopena sukrose i ka manawaleʻa o ke keleawe (II) hydroxide, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, huli ke aniani. Akā, ʻaʻole e like me ka glucose, ʻaʻole e hōʻemi ka sucrose i ke keleawe (II) hydroxide i ke keleahi okoa (I).