ʻO ke kumu ketoacidosis Diabetic: nā kumu, nā hōʻailona, mālama
ʻO ka ketoacidosis Diabetic (DKA) kahi mea iʻike mua i ka hopena olakino e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona ke komo i ka luaʻi, ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ke kaumaha paʻakikī hohonu, ka nui o ka urination, nāwaliwali, hilahila, a i kekahi manawa ka nalowale o ka ʻike. Loaʻa i ka ʻōpū o kahi kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā hōʻailona he wikiwiki.
He aha ka mea maʻi ketoacidosis maʻi
- ʻO ka ketoacidosis Diabetic (DKA) ka hopena o ka dehydration e pili ana me ka nele o ka insulin, ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe, a me nā waikawa organik i kapa ʻia nā ketones.
- Hoʻopili ka ketoacidosis Diabetes i nā mea nui o ka hoʻokahakaha o nā keʻena olakino, kahi e hoʻopau ʻia me ka pono kūpono.
- Hiki i ka ketoacidosis Diabetes ka mea maʻamau i nā kānaka me ka maʻi type o ka maʻi 1, akā hiki nō ke hoʻomohala ʻia i ka mea me ka maʻi diabetes.
- No ka mea maʻamau ka maʻi pākēpē 1 i nā kānaka ma lalo o ka makahiki 25, ua loaʻa pinepine ka ketoacidosis maʻi i ka ʻōpio o kēia makahiki, akā hiki ke ulu i kēia ʻano i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Pili like nā kāne a me nā wahine.
Nā kumu o ke Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Hoʻopau ka diabetes ketoacidosis inā hele kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes. Mai ka pane ʻana i kēia, hana ka hopena kaumaha o ke kino, hoʻomaka ka wāwahi i nā ʻōpū, nā momona a me nā huaʻai i loko o nā glucose (gula) a me nā momona momona no ka hoʻohana ʻana e like me ka wahie. Hoʻopili kēia mau hormones i ka glucagon, ka ulu ulu ʻana, a me ka adrenaline. Hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau momona momona i ka ketones e kahi kaʻina i kapa ʻia ʻo oxidation. ʻAi ke kino i kona mau ʻiʻo pono, ka momona, a me nā ʻili o nā aiki no ka ikaika.
I ka ketoacidosis maʻi maʻi, hele ke kino mai ka hana maʻamau (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kākela e like me ka pauku) i kahi kūlana pōloli (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka momona a me ka wahie). I ka hopena, loaʻa ka nui o ke kō koko koko no ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka insulin no ka lawe ʻana i ka glucose i nā selu no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana. Ke piʻi ka nui o ke kō koko koko, ʻaʻole hiki i nā keiki ke mālama i ka nui o ke kō i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i loko o ka pāʻai, e ala ana i ka nui o ka urination a me ka lepo. ʻO ka maʻamau, lilo ka poʻe me ka ketoacidosis maʻi i kahi o 10% o ko lākou mau lolo. Pēlā nō, me ka nui o ka urination, kahi lilo nui o ka paʻakai a me nā paʻakai ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā kumu maʻamau pinepine o ka ketoacidosis maʻi i nā poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi.
- ʻO nā maʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi, ka luaʻi a me / a me nā maʻi paha,
- Ua nalowale paha kahi hewa o ka insulin
- ʻO ka maʻi hou a i ʻole ka undiagnosed diabetes mellitus.
ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe i ka ketoacidosis maʻi diabetes kō:
- puʻuwai puʻuwai
- he poho
- trauma
- manaʻo kaumaha
- inu waiʻawa
- hōʻino maikaʻi ʻana i ka lāʻau
- hana
ʻO kahi hapa haʻahaʻa wale nō nā hihia ʻaʻole loaʻa kahi kumu.
Nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka ketoacidosis maʻi maʻi
Loaʻa i kekahi kanaka me ka ketoacidosis maʻi maʻi a i ʻole a i ʻole ʻo ia o kēia mau hōʻailona hou:
- makewai nui loa
- nā hoʻomaʻa pinepine ʻana
- nāwaliwali laulā
- utuka
- lilo ka momona
- hilahila
- ʻeha ka ʻōpū
- ʻaʻano pōkole
- ʻO ka hanu a Kussmaul
- ʻeha maka
- maloʻo maloʻo
- ka malo maloʻo
- puʻuwai puʻuwai
- haʻahaʻa mau koko
- ka hoʻonui ʻana ma ka helu hanu
- ʻāhu hanu fruity
- ka nalowale o ka ʻike (diabetes diabetes ketoacidotic coma)
I ka manawa e ʻimi ai i ka mālama lapaʻau
Ke ʻike ʻoe e ʻike i kāu kauka:
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi, e nīnau aku i kāu kauka inā he koko koko nui kāu (ma mua aʻe o ka 19 mmol / L) a i ʻole ka hoʻoneʻe liʻiliʻi ʻole i pane ʻole i ka mālama ʻana i ka home.
- Inā hoʻomaka ʻoe i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka luaʻi.
- Inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka maʻi maʻi a ua piʻi nui kou kino kino.
- Inā manaʻo ʻoe e kūleʻa ana, e nānā i nā pae o ko ka mimi ketone me nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka home. Inā he kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe paha nā pae ketine, hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu kauka.
Inā hea ʻoe e kāhea ai i kahi ʻikepili:
Pono ka lawe ʻana i kahi maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi i ka keʻena olakino o ka haukapila inā:
- maʻi nui loa
- huakai
- me ka hilahila nui
- nawaliwali loa
A koi pū nui ʻia hoʻi e kāhea i kahi ʻikepili inā ʻike ʻia kahi kanaka me ka maʻi maʻi.
- ʻaʻano pōkole
- ʻeha ka naʻau
- ʻeha nui ka ʻōpū ma ka luaʻi
- i ke kiʻekiʻe (ma luna o 38.3 ° C)
Hoʻomāliʻi ʻana o ka maʻi ketoacidosis maʻi
ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o ka ketoacidosis maʻi maʻi hana maʻamau ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kauka i ka moʻolelo olakino o ka mea maʻi, ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā maʻi kino a nānā i nā hoʻokolohua hōʻike.
No ka hana ʻana i kahi maʻi, e hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua koko e kākau i ka pae o ke kō, ka paʻakai, ke kō a me nā electrolyte ʻē aʻe i loko o ke koko. ʻO nā pae Ketone a me nā hoʻokolohua hana i hana ʻia e hana pinepine ʻia me kahi hoʻohālike o ke koko (e ana i ke koko pH).
Hiki i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hou ke hoʻohana i nā loiloi o nā pathological i hiki ke hoʻokau i ka ketoacidosis maʻi, pili i kāu moʻolelo olakino a me nā hopena ʻokoʻa kino. ʻO kēia mau kaʻina hana diagnostic he:
- pahu x-ray
- electrocardiogram (ECG)
- urinalysis
- ka compute tomography o ka lolo (i kekahi mau hihia)
Kōna kōkua pilikino ma ka home no ka ketoacidosis maʻi
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ka mālama home i ka pale ʻana i ka ketoacidosis maʻi a hōʻemi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke koko koko kiʻekiʻe.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi maʻi 1, pono ʻoe e nānā i kāu kahe koko me ke aʻo ʻana o kāu kauka. E ʻike pinepine i kāu kahe koko koko ma nā hihia aʻe:
- inā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole
- inā e hakakā ʻoe i ka maʻi
- inā i loaʻa iā ʻoe i kahi maʻi a i ʻole ʻoe i hōʻeha
Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i ka mālama ʻana no ke kō koko koko hoʻohaʻahaʻa me ka nui o nā kaha inikini o kahi hana pōkole o ka insulin. ʻO ka poʻe me ka maʻi hānai e hoʻomākaukau pono i kahi regimen o nā inikini o ka insulin, a me ka nānā pinepine ʻana i ka glucose koko a me nā wai hoʻoneʻe no ka mālama home, ke hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o ke kō o ke koko.
E makaʻala no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a mālama pono iā ʻoe iho e ka hoʻōla pono ʻana me ka inu ʻana i nā ʻāpana me nā kōneka-kala i loko o ke ao.
Hana ʻia ka maʻi ketoacidosis maʻi
ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka wai a me ka hoʻokele intravenous o ka insulin ke kumu mua a me ka hōʻeuʻeu nui loa no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ketoacidosis maʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea nui ʻelua e hoʻopau i ka dehydration, hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ke koko a hoʻihoʻi i ke kaulike maʻamau o ke kō a me nā electrolytes. Pono e hoʻokele pono i ka kahe, e pale i ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i kona hoʻolauna a me nā nui nui ma muli o ka hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka edema cerebral. Hoʻohui ʻia ka paʻakai ma ka paʻakai no ka hoʻokō intravenous e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hoʻohemo ʻana o kēia electrolyte koʻikoʻi.
ʻAʻole hiki ke lohi i ka pau ʻana o ka insulin - e pono ke kuhikuhi i ka infusion hoʻomau (a ʻaʻole hoʻi e like me ka bolus - kahi nui koʻikoʻi i hāʻawi ʻia) e hoʻopau i ka hana hou ʻana o nā ketones a hoʻomālamalama i ka hana o ke aʻalolo ma o ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka potassium i loko o nā sela o ke kino. Ke waiho ka haʻahaʻa o ke koko ma lalo o 16 mmol / L, hiki ke hoʻokūkū i ka glucose me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka insulin e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypoglycemia (kaohi koko liʻiliʻi).
Manaʻi ʻia nā poʻe i hōʻike ʻia me ka ketoacidosis maʻi maʻi i ka haukapila no ka mālama ʻana i loko o kahi haukapila a hiki ke hoʻokipa ʻia i ka ʻāpana mālama mālama.
ʻO kekahi poʻe me ka hoʻohuihue haʻahaʻa me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai a me nā electrolytes i hiki ke inu i ka wai ma o lākou iho a ke hahai i nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau e hiki ke mālama palekana ʻia i ka home. Eia nō naʻe, pono lākou e hahai ʻia e ke kauka. Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi e pīhoihoi ana i kahi haukapila a i kahi keʻena pilikia paha no ka nānā hou ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.
I nā hihia o ka hoʻomoʻomoʻana o ka waiwaʻa me ka palenaline diabetes koki ketoacidosis, hiki ke mālama ʻia ʻoe a hoʻi i ka home mai ke keʻena kūkaʻi inā he hilinaʻi ʻoe a e hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a pau a kāu kauka.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau inā e mālama ʻia ʻoe i ka home a i nānā ʻia ʻoe i loko o ka haukapila, he mea nui ia e hoʻomanaki pono i ke nānā ʻana i ke kō a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko urone. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kō koko koko kiʻekiʻe me nā dosis he nui o ka insulin a me kahi nui o nā kō i hāʻawi ʻia nā kō.
Pono ka mālama o ka mālama lōʻihi e hana i ka hoʻokō e pono ai ka mālama maikaʻi o ke kō koko. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hānai maʻi me ka nānā ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi o ka maʻi mellitus ma o ka lawe ʻana i nā hōʻike koko wā maʻamau no ka hemoglobin A1C, nā hana a ka kidney, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā makahiki nānā no ka retinopathy maʻi ma ke ʻano maʻamau o ka wāwae (e ʻike i nā hōʻeha a i ʻole nā hōʻino o ka nerve).
Pehea e pale aku ai i ka ketoacidosis maʻi maʻi
ʻO nā hana e hiki ai i ke kanaka me ka maʻi maʻi lākiʻi e pale i ka hoʻomōhala ʻana i ka ketoacidosis maʻi maʻi i loko o kēia ʻano:
- Ka mālama mālama a me ka kaohi o ke koko koko, inā paha i ka wā o ka maʻi, ke kaumaha, ka trauma a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe paha.
- ʻO nā kaha hou aku o ka insulin a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana e kāu kauka.
- E ʻike i ke kauka i ka hiki.
Ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka hoʻopiʻi lāʻau
Me nā hana hoʻokolohua, hiki i ka hapa nui o nā poʻe e hāpai i ka ketoacidosis maʻi maʻi hiki ke manaʻolana hou. Loaʻa nā hihia hōʻino (2% o nā hihia), akā hiki ke hiki ke mālama ʻia ke ʻano.
Hiki nō hoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hoʻopiʻi ma muli o ka maʻi, nā hōʻeha a me ka ʻeha o ka naʻau. ʻO nā hopena e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ketoacidosis maʻi maʻi penei:
- kaohi koko haʻahaʻa
- paʻakai haʻahaʻa
- kuʻohi i ka lolo i loko o nā māmā (pulmonary edema)
- hopu hoʻohiwahiwa
- puʻuwai paʻakikī
- edema cerebral