Pehea e hōʻike ʻia ai ka atherosclerosis: nā hōʻailona piʻoloke, nā ʻano loiloi

ʻO ka atherosclerosis kahi maʻi maʻi maʻamau ākea e pili ana i nā lāʻau ʻai o kekahi kaliber a ke ʻano me ka haʻalele ʻana o nā lipoproteins kikoʻī i ka pā vascular, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻike o nā pāla atherosclerotic a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko i nā ʻāpana o ke kino. Hoʻokumu ka holomua o ka patula i ka palaki lipism metabolism, ma ke ʻano o ka metabolism cholesterol, a me ka hōʻino ʻana i ka votone endothelium. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana o ka atherosclerosis i nā papa mua i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou, e hoʻonui ana i ka pono o ka lāʻau hou.

Pehea ia e hoʻomohala ai ka maʻi?

I kēia manawa, ʻelua mau manaʻo kaulana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka atherosclerosis - lipid a me ka endothelial.

Manaʻo ka manaʻo lipid i ka pilina mua loa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā lipid plasma, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lipids density (LDL cholesterol) a me ka triglycerides (TG). Wahi a kēia kumumanaʻo, he nui ka pae o nā lipid ke kumu o kā lākou komo i loko o ka pā vascular a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kolikole kolesterol.

ʻO ka lipids kiʻekiʻe (HDL cholesterol), ma kahi e pale aku ai, no laila ke piʻi nei ka hopena o ka ulu ʻana o ka atherosclerosis inā ʻike ʻia ka pākeke o ka "maikaʻi" a me ka "maikaʻi".

ʻO ka manaʻo Endothelial i hoʻomaka ma ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka atherosclerosis e noʻonoʻo ana i ka pōʻino o ka papale vascular i loko, e hoʻonāukiuki i kahi kahe o ka hopena e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pōkole ma ka wahi o ka hōʻino.

ʻOi aku nā kumu ʻelua i hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ia i ka hopena i ka pletere atherosclerotic plō a he asymptomatically holomua i nā makahiki he nui. He mea i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pae holomua mai ka pāpaʻi (hard) lae, ka mea e hōʻole i ke kahe o ke kahe a ka ʻala i hānai ʻia e ka huaʻai. I kēlā me kēia manawa, hiki ke paʻi ʻia ka pākeke ma lalo o ka mana o ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻia o nā clots koko a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi.

Atherosclerosis: pehea e hoʻoponopono ai i kahi pilikia

ʻAʻole like ka manaʻo o ka poʻe nui i ka hele ʻana o ka atherosclerosis i kona mau mua, ka mea, ʻo ka hōʻailona o ke ʻano no ka pathology, he nonspecific a i ʻole hemo ʻole. I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka maʻi, ua koi ʻia kahi maʻi kūʻokoʻa.

ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea pili i ka ulu ʻana o ka atherosclerosis,
ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hōʻailona kikoʻī o ka patology,
hoʻokolohua hōʻoia
diagnostics hoʻokūkū.

Hiki i kahi ala hoʻohui e hōʻike ai i ka atherosclerosis, ʻoiai me kahi papa asymptomatic.

ʻO ka nānā aku

ʻAʻole maopopo i nā mea kūpono i kahi hoʻomohala ʻana i nā loina atherosclerotic. ʻO nā mea nui:

nā pilikia paʻakikī
i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā meaʻai momona i nā momona holoholona a pūkākae i nā momona,
ulaula
nā maʻi endocrine (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism),
kahe kaulike
ʻopi momona
ka mua predisposition i ka mua atherosclerosis,
nele i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa
dyslipidemia (hoʻonui i ka kolamu holoʻokoʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hoʻemi i ka kolamu kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe).

ʻO kēlā me kēia mau kumu āpau, a me kā lākou hui e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā loilo atherosclerotic, me ka ʻole o ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi. Inā ʻike kekahi a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻihoʻi i ka mea maʻi no kahi hoʻokolokolo hou.

Kūlohelohe kiʻi kiʻi maʻi

Ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā mea koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi, pono ka nānā ʻana i ke kiʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka maʻi e hoʻoholo i ka nui loa o ka localization o atherosclerosis. Hiki i nā hōʻailona o ke atherosclerosis ke kūlike i ka pūnaewele o ka lesion vascular a me ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka arterial. No ka mea he maʻi nui a ka atherosclerosis, hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia nā ʻalā āpau i ke kino.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā leʻaleʻa atherosclerotic e pili ana i kahi o nā neʻe:

ʻO ka pōʻino o nā kīʻaha o ka lolo e hōʻike ʻia e ka hiʻohiʻona o nā hōʻailona e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo, ka lohe ʻana, ke kani ʻana, ka hū ʻana o ke poʻo,
ka hōʻailona maʻamau o ka atherosclerosis o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ke alo o ka claudication intermittent,
atherosclerosis o nā moku coronary i hōʻike ʻia e ka pectoris angina. Ua hōʻeha nā mea maʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻāliʻi kino i ka puʻuwai, pōkole o ka hanu, ka puʻuwai aloha. Ua nalowale ka ʻeha ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka nitroglycerin a ma hope o kahi lā hoʻomaha iki,
hanaʻino i ka wahī o ka pūpū i hōʻike ʻia e ka emi o ka filtration renal a me nā hōʻailona o ka hiki ʻana o ka filtration impaired o nā keiki. I loko o kaʻai, hoʻāla ʻia, hoʻoliʻi ʻia nā keʻena koko ʻulaʻula, hoʻonui ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o nā cylinders. Me ke kōkua o kahi phonendoscope, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi kani kūhelu o ka wahi o ka hoʻopili kino ʻana i ka ʻenehana renal. Pono e nānā kēia ʻano o ka atherosclerosis i nā poʻe ʻōpio i hoʻomau ʻia (refractory) hypertension arterial,
no ka atherosclerosis o nā carotid arteri, ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻeha a me nā hōʻailona like i hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā moku o ke poʻo i maʻamau;
aora lesi atherosclerotic a lōʻihi lōʻihi. Hōʻike wale ʻia ke kiʻi haukaʻi maʻi ma ke ʻano he 60 mau makahiki. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hōʻailona keu loa o ka hōʻino aortic, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaomi systolic a me ka pulse vascular pressure me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka diastolic,
ua hōʻike ʻia ka atherosclerosis o nā ʻenehana mesenteric e ka ulu ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka "ʻili palupā" a me ke kipi ʻana o nā kaʻina hana. Hōʻike ʻia ka "abdominal toad" e ka maʻi paroxysmal koi ma ka ʻōpū o luna ma hope o kahi kaumaha nui. Hiki i ka ʻeha ke lōʻihi no kekahi mau hola a hoʻomaha ʻia e ka lawe ʻana i ka nitroglycerin. Hiki ke hele pū me ka ʻeha, ka belching, a me ka constipation. Me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka maʻi, hoʻopili ʻia nā maʻi o ke koena o nā mea momona pono ʻole. Me ka auscultation, hiki ke loaʻa ka emi ʻana o ka peristalsis a me ka ʻōpiopio systolic i loko o nā moku o ka ʻōpū ma luna.

ʻO ka laboratory a me ke kumu hoʻokalakupua o ka atherosclerosis

Hāʻawi ʻia i ka maʻi Laboratory i nā maʻi āpau me nā mea i loaʻa i nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi, me ka ʻole a me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona o ka atherosclerosis. ʻO nā keʻena diagnostic Laboratory e ʻae iā mākou e kiʻi i kahi hopena e pili ana i ke kūlana maʻamau o ka moena arterial a hoʻoholo i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻeha atherosclerotic i kahi maʻi maʻi. No nā haʻawina loea, ʻo ka mea nui e:

ka pae o ka hōʻemi nui o nā kolamu (cholesterol) - ke kumu o ka 3.1-5.2 mmol / l,
ʻO HDL, a i ʻole he "kolu maikaʻi," a i ʻole ke kumu mai ka 1,22 i ka wahine a mai ka 1, 58 i nā kāne.
ʻO LDL, a i ʻole "kino kino" - ke kaupaona nei a hiki i ka 3.9 mmol / l,
kūlike - ka hana i 0.14 -1.82 mol / l,
atherogenic index (ratio o HDL a LDL) - hiki ke piʻi i ka maʻamau.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻoholo ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo e hōʻike ai i ka nui:

c-react protein
renal filtration rate,
pae kiʻekiʻe.

Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka maʻi maʻi ʻana ma o nā mea kaha. Ka mea maʻamau:

ʻO ka pehu o nā kīʻaha koko o kekahi wahi hoʻokipa me Dopplerometric hoʻoholo o ke kahe koko,
radiopaque angiography,
MRIAHUI
ʻO ka hoʻonāʻana o ka ultrasound o ka mānoanoa o ka intima (loko o loko) o ka pā vascular.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis o nā lalo haʻahaʻa

ʻO ka mea nui ka maʻi diagnostic mea ʻo ka nānā ʻana o nā hoʻopiʻi hoʻomanawanui.

ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi pinepine loa no ka atherosclerosis o nā nāola o ka pākuʻi loa o ka claudication intermittent, e loaʻa ana i ka wā o ka hana e ke ʻano a hōʻailona ʻia i ka ʻeha nui o nā ʻōpū o nā wāwae, ko lākou ʻeha a me nā nāwaliwali. Hoʻomaʻa nā hōʻailona o ke kanikau ma hope o kahi hoʻomaha.

Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka palpation i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka nawaliwali o ka pulse i loko o nā hāpuni peripheral. I ka hoʻokolohua, hōʻehā o ka io o ka ʻiʻo, kahi i hoʻokiʻoki i ka lauoho, ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i nā papa o nā kui a me kahi lae i kā lākou ulu e hāpai iā lākou iho. ʻAno ke kala o ka ʻili i nā hihia maʻamau, cianosis o nā manamana wāwae.

ʻO kahi hōʻailona maʻamau ka hoʻololi i ka kala o ka wāwae i ka wā e hāpai ai i ka wāwae a hoʻōla i ka wāwae - huli ka wāwae i ka pale, a hoʻi ʻoe i ka wā i hoʻohuli ʻia ai ia i kona kūlana mua, react redness o ka ʻala i mālama ʻia.

Ke hōʻoia nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis o nā ʻokoʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia:

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o LPI - ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi kuʻekuʻe-brachial. No ka hana i kēia, e ana i ke kaomi sstolic ma ka poʻohiwi a me ka wāwae haʻahaʻa, a hoʻoholo i kā lākou ratio. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kuʻekuʻe ma mua o nā kīhaki o ka poʻohiwi. Inā kiʻekiʻe aʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka systolic pressure ma ka poʻohiwi, a laila ʻoi paha ke kolohe o ka mea maʻi i ka ʻalā o nā wāwae a i ʻole ke ahulau,
scanning duplex - ultrasound me ka hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka nui o ke kahe koko. Hiki i kēia ala ke hōʻike iā ʻoe i nā moku hana e ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka ultrasound maʻamau. ʻO ka lili ʻana o ka ʻenehana he 85-90%,
ʻO ke komo ʻana o ka computer i ka helu ʻana i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka palapala kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kahi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe o kahi hopena kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana he hōʻikeʻike paʻa o ke anuanu o ka calcium,
MRI - hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka gadolinium. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o MRI me kahi pacemaker, stents a me kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ren filtration ma lalo o 30 ml / min,
ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa Digital angiography kahi ala kiʻekiʻe-mua ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o ka hōʻemi.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi o ka atherosclerosis o ka lolo

ʻO ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā palakiko kolesterol ma nā paia o nā mākeke o ka lolo e alakaʻi i kahi kiʻi kuloka i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka cerebral circulation a i ʻole ka lele ischemic attack. Hiki paha i ka mea maʻi ke hoʻopiʻi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i hoʻohaʻahaʻa, hoʻemi i ka hiamoe, kūpaʻa mau ʻole, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i hiki ke aʻo. Hoʻomaka ka mea maʻi e hopohopo e pili ana i ka walaʻau mau o ke poʻo, lele kahe a me ka lele ʻana i mua o nā maka, unsteady gait. ʻO ka palapala koʻikoʻi nui loa o ka lesi atherosclerotic o nā moku o ke poʻo, ʻo ka ischemic stroke.

No ka paleʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi ʻōiwi, ke hoʻomaka koke nei ka maʻi o ka hōʻai ʻana o ka atherosclerotic o nā mea kani o ke poʻo, ka mea i loaʻa i ka hoʻopili:

ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻōpiopio o nā ʻāpana extracranial (nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāʻī). Lawe ʻia ia e ʻike i ke kahe koko, a hiki i ke komo i loko o ke koko i ka lolo. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaʻina hana ma Dopplerometric hoʻoholo no ka ikaika o ka kahe koko vascular.
Transcranial doplegraphy a i ʻole ka ultrasound o ka intracranial arteries o ka lolo,
ʻO ka Encephalography, kahi e hiki ai ke loiloi i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana o ka lolo.
Angiography. ʻO kēia ala ka hoʻohālikelike X-ray a koi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi mea kūikawā i ka moe vascular, e ʻae aku iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā wahī i ka wā x-ray.

Mālama loa kēia mau kaʻina a hui pū me nā hoʻokolohua koko biochemical hiki ke loiloi i ke kūlana maʻamau o ka mea maʻi.

Ke nānā nei no ka mea i hiki i ka atherosclerosis

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kūiʻo ka ulu o ka atherosclerosis. ʻO kēia kahi kulekele vascular maikaʻi loa, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka haʻalele ʻana o nā lipoproteins ma ka endothelium vascular a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi plake. Hoʻonui ka atherosclerosis i ka hopena o ka hōʻeha o ka naʻau, ka puʻupuʻu, ka angina pectoris a me nā hypertension. E hana ai i kahi maʻi maʻi:

ka hōʻoia maʻi maʻi
ke ʻano hoʻoikaika kino
p? ana o ke koko
ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana o ke koko biochemical,
lehelehe lipid
ʻO ka leki Doppler,
magnetic resonance a compute tomography,
ʻilelo angiography me kahi mākaʻikaʻi ʻē aʻe,
lohiʻulaʻa
paulakowalik
aorta.

Me ka hanaʻino ʻana i nā moku o ka lolo, ka ʻike nui ka MRI a me ka CT. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke hana i ka electroencephalography a me ke electrocardiography. Me ka hana ʻino i ka areber cerebral, pono paha ʻoe e nīnau i kahi ophthalmologist a me kahi neurologist.

Lipid Spectrum Assessment

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a me nā moku ʻē aʻe e pili pinepine ana i ka dyslipidemia. I ke kino o ke kanaka, ke kahili pinepine nei ka lipoproteins. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka cholesterol.

Me ka nui o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i nā lipoproteins hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui a haʻahaʻa loa, i ʻōhumu i nā momona momona, a laila e hoʻohuli i nā plika atherosclerotic. ʻO ka ʻōlelo lipid ke hiki iā ʻoe e loiloi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka HDL, LDL, VLDL a me ka triglycerides.

E noʻonoʻo e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike o ka kolamu holoʻokoʻa i ke koko. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻaha noiʻi no ka ʻōpū hoka ʻole i ke kakahiaka kakahiaka. Lawe ʻia ke koko Venous. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka manaʻo o nā ʻano like ʻole e ka photometry a me ka haʻalele ʻana. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā helu lipid maʻamau e ka wahine a me nā makahiki. Eia kekahi, e loiloi ʻia kahi ʻoihana atherogen. I nā poʻe olakino, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 3.

Hoʻomili ʻia ia e ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lipoproteins atherogenic (LDL a me VLDL) me ka hoʻokaʻawale hou i ka nui i loaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka HDL. Kahi ʻia ka ʻike lipid ma hope o ka loiloi biochemical ma ke ʻano ua ʻike ʻia ka cholesterol kiʻekiʻe. I mea e pono ai nā hopena e pono ke hilinaʻi ʻia, ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko, ke kaumaha, ke kaumaha, a me ka waiʻona a me nā mea inu ʻoki.

Nā hopena hōʻike hoʻomanawanui

Inā he atherosclerosis o nā moku o ka lolo a i nā wahi ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia, koi ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo maʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kumu koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka maʻi, hoʻopiʻi a me nā kūlana no ka nānā ʻana o nā hōʻailona mua. Pono e nīnau i kahi kanaka e pili ana i kona ʻano ola, me ke ʻano o kāna meaʻai. Pono ke kauka i ka mōʻaukala e hoʻoholo:

mau ʻano maikaʻi
hānai kūpono
ka hana o ke kanaka maʻi,
predisposition ʻohana.

Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā mea pilikia like ʻole:

ulaula
waiʻona
ʻopi momona
ka nui ma ka papa ʻaina o nā meaʻai momona, nā hana mua a me nā pōpoki.
mau ka kaumaha
ka hoʻoikaika kino
ka hele ʻana o ka maʻi mellitus a i ʻole
koko koko kiʻekiʻe
nā maʻi maʻi mua.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka manaʻo nui i nā hoʻopiʻi i ka manawa o ka hoʻokolokolo. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā lapses i ka hoʻomanaʻo o kahi kanaka, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka nānā a me ka naʻauao, nāwaliwali, ka hoʻoweliweli, ke kaumaha, tinnitus, koikoi o ka hoʻōla lūlū, ka puʻupuʻu, ke poʻo, ke kīwī, nā kuʻuna, nānā i ka moe, nā hana moe a me ka hoʻoweliweli e hōʻike nei i ka noho ʻana o ka arteriosclerosis cerebral. Inā hopohopo ka mea maʻi i ka ʻeha ma loko o ka ʻōpū a i lalo paha, i ka hōʻeha ʻana i loko o ka ʻeha, kuʻi a me ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, a laila hiki ke hoʻopōʻino ʻia i nā ʻalā.

Hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona me nā loli i ka urine. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka paʻakikī o ka atherosclerosis o nā moku o nā pae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Me kēia pathology, nā mea maʻi e hoʻopiʻi i ka tingling i nā wāwae, ka ʻeha ma nā ʻeha puʻuwai o ke keiki, nā wikiwiki wikiwiki, ka palu o ka ʻili, ke anuanu, ka leʻaleʻa, nā kolo ʻana a me ka claudication intermittent. Loaʻa nā lora atherosclerotic o nā lāʻau kuamo coronary (coronary) hiki ke kānalua i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia lākou ma ka pā ʻana, ke hoʻopihapiha a hōʻā ʻia i ke ʻeha ma hope o ka sternum. I nā hanana holomua, loaʻa ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona o ka puʻuwai i ke ʻano o ka pōkole o ka hanu, edema, hoʻonui i ka puhiki a me ka pulsation o nā uaua.

Inā hoʻopiʻi ka mea maʻi i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ka lemulewa a me ka hiki ʻana o ka papaʻa, hōʻike kēia i ka hōʻino i nā moku mesenteric. ʻO ka hoʻomoʻoʻana o nā kuʻekuʻe, ke kanikau, ka heleʻana o nā ʻeha ma nā wāwae a me kahi laʻa o ka potency he mau hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka atherosclerosis o aorta ma ke kahua o kāna bifurcation.

ʻO Arteriography no ka atherosclerosis

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i ka maʻi i ka wā o ka arteriography (angiography). Ma ke kaʻina o kēia noiʻi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea e waiho ai. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka peripheral arteriography e hana.Hāʻawi ia iā ʻoe e hōʻike i ka pūnaewele lesion, e hoʻoholo ai i ke alo o ka occlusion a me thrombosis. No ka pahuhopu, hana ʻia nā catheterization femoral.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa ma luna o ke wikiō a i ʻole ke kiʻi ʻana. Lawe ʻia ʻo Arteriography i loko o nā pā o kahi keʻena lapaʻau. Pono ʻia kahi anesthesia kūloko. Hoʻokomo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻōpū, ka lawe ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua a me ka wehe ʻana i ka lauoho me ka ʻili.

Ma hope o ka catheterization, hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Loaʻa kahi komo i ka aorta a me kāna mau lālā ma o ka brachial, carotid, radial, a femoral artery paha.

No kahi aortography ʻeha, pono ke koi. Ke hōʻike nei i nā ʻōhua no kahi hoʻohālikelike e ʻike ʻia ana ka atherosclerosis o nā moku o nā wāwae, nāpa, aorta, a me nā mea maʻamau. ʻAʻole hana Arteriography inā he mau contraindications.

Hoʻopili kēia me nā maʻa maʻi infectious, stroke, heart heart i ka wā decompensation, renal failed, allergy iodine a me ka ate kōʻai.

I ka nānāʻana o nā kīʻaha koko, ua hōʻike ʻia nā loli e like me kēia:

ko lakou ljii ana,
kalilikai
hōʻailona
hoʻonui i nā wahi i wae ʻia.

ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo o ka aorta e hōʻike i nā aneurysms.

ʻO nā ʻano noiʻi ʻē aʻe

Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ka atherosclerosis vascular, ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe a pau. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o Doppler. Hāʻawi ia iā ʻoe e loiloi i ke kahe koko i loko o nā ʻalihi a hoʻomaopopo i nā plak atherosclerotic. ʻO ka ultrasound ka hana pinepine ʻia me nā mea pōʻino i manaʻo ʻia i nā moku a me nā moku cerebral. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia noiʻo ka make ʻole o nā contraindications kūpono loa.

Ma mua o ke kaʻina hana, pono e nā maʻi:

mai inu i ka kofe a me nā kaha ikaika,
hōʻole i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau narkotic a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau,
lawe
ʻAʻole ma kahi o nā hola 6.

Noho ka pōkole mai ka hapalua hola i hoʻokahi hola. ʻO ka mea ʻaeʻaleʻa i hōʻike ʻia:

mauna holoholo,
lae hele
kūlana hoʻokake
ka diameter a me ke ʻano o nā moku koko
ʻōpū kūaloko
keena lumen.

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o ka atherosclerosis e huki ana i nā keʻa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā Plaques e ka manaʻo ʻonohona résonance. Loaʻa i kona pono:

pololei
ʻike ʻike
ka hiki ke nānā i nā paia o nā kīlaha,
nele i ka ʻike maka,
palekana
ʻeha ʻole.

Tomography contraindicated no ka poʻe me nā metala like ʻole a me nā implants uila (nā kihi, pacemakers) a ma ke ke ʻano o ka hematopoietic anemia.

No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻokoʻa kahi e hoʻokaʻawale i mua ʻia. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā huahana honua.

ʻO ka Ultrasound o ka naʻau (echocardiography), ECG, urinalysis, coagulation, radiography, ophthalmoscopy a electroencephalography nā hana hou āpau āpau. Inā pili ʻia ka atherosclerosis artery coronary a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka angina, e hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kaumaha.

No laila, ʻo ka hopena hope loa i hōʻike ʻia i ke kumu o nā hopena o kahi hōʻike koko biochemical, profilid lipid a me angiography (ultrasound).

Hōʻike maʻi

ʻO ka atherosclerosis kahi ala i hiki mai ma muli o ke kipi ʻana i ke kino o ke kanaka o ka metabolism o nā meaola kūlohelohe e like me nā momona. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi i nā kīʻaha o ka mus-elastic a me ke ʻano o ke kino - hōʻiliʻili nā lipoproteins kikoʻī i loko o ko lākou mau pā, ke alakaʻi nei i ka puhipihi o ka ʻaoʻao o ka pae o ka formular tubular formations (plae form). Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻana ke kaʻina o ka palaleka - sclerotherapy. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale loa i ka maʻi, akā hiki nō ke kāpae i ka holomua o ka maʻi.

He aha ka etiology o kēia maʻi?

Disposable, a i ʻole haʻalele ʻia e ka loli loli i ke ʻano. Hoʻopili kēia ma o ka: nā uahi lōʻihi, ka naʻau o ka psycho-emotional, ka hemahema o ka hana, kaʻai ʻole (ʻona a) i kā ʻole ʻia, ka ʻai ʻana i ka vitamina.
Lawa. I waena o lākou - ka makahiki a me ka wahine o ka mea maʻi, ka heredity. He ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā loli o ka atherosclerotic i loko o nā moku i nānā ʻia ma ka 98% o nā mea maʻi: nā kāne ma mua o 40 mau makahiki a ʻo nā wahine o ka wā o mua o ka hoʻomaha (ma hope o 50). ʻO ka maʻi ma lalo o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana e hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻia e nā kama'āina o nā kūlanakauhale, a ʻo nā limahana hoʻi i hana i ka hana noʻonoʻo.
ʻO kekahi hoʻoneʻe - kāpae i nā pathologies, ke papa o ka mea e hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka hoʻoponopono therapeutic. I waena o lākou i nā maʻi e like me ka arertial hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia (hoʻololi i ka maʻamau o ka pākēneka a me ka nui o nā lipids i loaʻa i nā likela o ke kino).

Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau noiʻi i ka etiology o atherosclerosis pinepine i ka hana, myocardial infarction, ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kaʻina hana i loko o ke kino, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi chlamydial.

ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o kekahi mau kumu ke kumu o ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka maʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻokūkū o ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ka atherosclerosis

ʻO ka pathogenesis o ka maʻi i wehewehe ʻia i loko o nā pōkaʻi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo atherogenesis. ʻOiai he ʻekolu mau pae.

ʻO ke ʻano mua ka hana ʻana i nā momona momona, hōʻiliʻili pinepine ʻia i nā kaula, a i ʻole ka lipoidosis. Kūkulu ʻia ke kumu ma ka endothelium o ka aorta, ma nā kīwaha nui. ʻĀniuli nā kala o nā ʻōlelo lipid, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui a me ka hapalua hapa ka nui. ʻO ke kumu o ka hana morphological i nā ʻula huila.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pilalaka ma ke kino o ke kanaka, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā makahiki mua o kona ola. I loko o kahi keiki he ʻumi makahiki, noho lākou ma ka 10% o ka nui o ka loko o ka aorta, a i ka mea maʻi 25 makahiki, a hiki i 50 pākēneka.

ʻO ka manawa ʻelua o ka pathogenesis o ka atherosclerosis ka hoʻonuiʻana o ke kiko koni ma kahi o ka lula lipid. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he liposclerosis; alakaʻi i ke ʻano o kahi pākeke me ke kumu o nā mea momona like-momona a me kahi kumu (uhi ʻia fibrous) o nā fibagen fibers. ʻO ke hoʻokumu i kūlike i ka lumen o nā moku e hoʻonāukiuki i ka kahe o ke koko.

Hoʻopili i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka atherogenesis i ke kolu o ka nui o ka atherosclerosis me ke ʻano o nā plasika keʻokeʻo (nā hana paʻakikī), nā kaila i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe. I kēia laʻa o pathogenesis, hiki i ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kahe koko e waiho ana ma ka paia o ka aorta (artery) hoʻonui.

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a me nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo

ʻAʻole maopopo ke pane i ka nīnau pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka atherosclerosis vascular kūlohelohe: ʻaʻole ma ka hale, he hopena manaʻo e pili ana i ka hele ʻana o kahi maʻi.

Hiki ke hūnā ʻia ka maʻi no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa. Ma ke kiko preclinical (latent period), manaʻo ka mea maʻi i nā hōʻeha pōkole wale nō i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka hoʻouka a i ʻole ke kaumaha i loko o:

ʻōpū
mau wahi o ka naʻau
kūloko
nape a luakini paha.

Me ka atherosclerosis, kahi hōʻemi i ka hana hana, hiki i ka ulu ʻana o kahi wela a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pō. ʻAʻole maʻamau nā hōʻailona kokoke i kahi hopohopo, a me ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻike.

Kūkulu ʻia ke keena o ka atherosclerosis ma hope o ke ʻano o ka maʻi a e hilinaʻi nei ma kahi o nā loli pathological.

Ke kamaʻilio ʻana i kahi kahua olakino, hōʻeha pinepine ka mea maʻi i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, hoʻoweliweli, a i ʻole ka palupalu ʻana), nāwaliwali, nā hōʻeha o nā lima (mau wāwae), ʻuhua, ʻeha ka lau.

I ka wā o kahi mālama olakino, hiki i kahi loea ke ʻike:

ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koko ma kekahi o nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe,
arriralia
ka māla ʻana
kūmākena
hōkū "hōkū",
hoʻohuli ʻana o nā papa manamana ma nā wāwae,
nā ʻōpio trophic
cyanosis o nā manamana lima o nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa.

Ma ka palpation, ua ʻike ʻia nā paia o nā arteri me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pulsation, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi phonendoscope e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka leo ma luna o ka pūnaewele o ka hoʻopili ʻia o nā wahī.

Ma ka hihia o ka kānalua o ka atherosclerosis, ua kau ʻia nā haʻawina hou, ʻo ke kumu o ia e hōʻoia ai i ke kaʻina hana a wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka pathology.

Diagnosis o ka atherosclerosis i loko o ka hale hana

No kahi hōʻike pololei, pono kekahi ʻano o nā ʻano, me ka:

hoʻokahe koko, urine o ka mea maʻi,
ka hopena o nā ate enzyme,
coagulogram
helu helu ʻai.

ʻO nā mea e hana ai i nā maʻi e nānā ai i ka atherosclerosis i kēlā me kēia hihia, hoʻokahi wale nō ke kauka i hoʻoholo. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi papa o nā haʻawina ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka mea maʻi, ninaninau iā ia a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kumu o nā maʻi.

I mua o nā hōʻailona o ka atherosclerosis, ka maʻi makana i kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ia ka hana nui e hōʻike ana i nā kuʻe ʻana i ke kiʻi haukaʻina ʻo nā loiloi o nā kinipoka o ke kino.

ʻO nā haʻawina a pau e nīnau ʻia ai ma hope o kahi hana 8-hola mai ka ʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai a ka mea maʻi.

ʻO ka hana mua ma ka maʻi maʻi o ka atherosclerosis kahi hōʻike koko ākea. Aia kona hopena i ke koho ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻano noiʻi hou o ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili pili kelepona.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi me ka atherosclerosis o nā moku koko e hoʻāʻo ʻia i kēlā me kēia 6 mahina. ʻO ke kumu o nā hoʻokolohua hou, ʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono.

Nā pae pae kolikole maʻamau, e hōʻike ana i ka hala ʻole o ka maʻi, aia ma ka pae o 3.0 - 5.0 mm / l. Me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka maʻi, ua ʻike ʻia nā waiwai ma mua o 6.20 mm / l.

Inā he hemolele ka pae o ka cholesterol, ua aʻo ʻia kahi kōpili lipid (kahi hui koko kūʻokoʻa no ka triglycides, lipoproteins a me ka kolamu).

I ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka atherosclerosis:

hoʻonui i ka atherogenicity index - ua hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻano noiʻi ʻo "KA" - ma luna o 4.0 mm / l,
ʻO ke kao kiʻekiʻe loa o nā triglycides (ʻoi aku ma mua o 2.3 mm / l).

ʻO kahi hōʻike koko no kahi homocysteine waikawa amino ma luna o 11 MKm / l i ʻike ʻia he mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka "Hōʻalo i nā kīʻaha o ka lolo".

ʻO nā hōʻike me nā mea hana loea

Hoʻokomo nā hana i nā mea hana ultrasound diagnostics, CT - angiography, MRI o nā lāʻau uila a me kekahi mau ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻopiʻi ʻōnaehana Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻike screening o atherosclerosis ma ke noʻonoʻo e ʻike i ka hele ʻana o nā mānoanoa ma nā moku. ʻO kahi ultrasound o ka lolo, ka puʻu, nā ʻōpū (lalo) a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Ke hoʻohana nei nā kauka lapaʻau hou i kēia mau manawa, ma kahi o ka hoʻokahuli ultrasound duplex maʻamau, kahi loea triplex holomua no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi vascular. Ma kāna kaʻina, hiki ke kiʻi i kahi kiʻi o nā kahe o nā kahe o ke kino i ke kala.
CT angiography. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi o ka atherosclerosis e kiʻi i kahi kiʻi kikoʻī o nā ʻano elima tubular formations. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hoʻokolohua tomographic hoʻopukapuka ʻia e: kahi hopena o ka hopena maikaʻi i ke kino, ke waiho ʻole ʻana o nā hoʻopiʻi ma ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana, a me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā contraindications. ʻO ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka atherosclerosis i loaʻa ma hope o ke kaohi ʻana e ka X-ray i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia me kahi kamepiula.
Pākuʻikahi beam tomography. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana i nā ala o ka puʻuwai naʻau, e ʻike ai i nā pilikia i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka wā angiography o ka CT. Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i nā ʻano ʻekolu. ʻO ka ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis e hōʻike ʻia e ka nānā ʻole o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kūlana maʻamau o ka mea maʻi.
Angiography. ʻO ke ʻano i wehewehe ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻōnaʻi vascular ka ʻelua o nā manawa: ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea kūikawā i ke koko a i ʻole ka lymph, ka nānā ʻana me kahi X-ray.
ʻO ke ʻano i koho ʻia no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka atherosclerosis ua contraindicated i ka poʻe maʻi me ka intolerance pilikino a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, nā maʻi me ka maʻi noʻonoʻo.
MRI o nā hāamoʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kumu ma lalo o ka noʻonoʻo e hiki ai ke kiʻi i kahi kiʻi vascular o ka ʻona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ke kino ma ke ʻano ʻelua. Kāpili ʻia ʻia me 2 mau ʻano: ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka loiloi ʻole me ka "kahakaha ʻia" kūikawā.

Pehea ka hopena o ka maʻi o ka atherosclerosis o nā lalo haʻahaʻa

ʻO kēia maʻi kekahi o nā ala i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā hopena maʻi. E pili i ka tibial, femoral, popliteal arteries. Pono ʻoe e ʻike hiki i ka atherosclerosis o nā moku o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ka ʻole o ka lawa kūpono e hiki ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻōpala trophic, gangrene.

ʻO ka atherosclerosis o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hiki ai ke hoʻonāukiuki i kēia mau maʻi a pau, hoʻoholo ʻia e ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻike ʻike:

Pallor, thinning o ka ʻili.
Hoʻopau nā hua.
ʻO ka lauoho lauoho.
Nā uhi momona.
Loha.
ʻEhaʻeha nā wāwae (ma lalo aʻe o nā hele wāwae lōʻihi).
Nā ʻehaʻeha e hōʻeha i ka wā o ka hōʻeha a nalowale i ka hoʻomaha.

ʻO nā hoʻololi pathological i loko o ke kahe koko i nā wāwae he mahele i 4 mau mana. Hōʻike ʻia ka mua o lākou mai nā ʻano leʻaleʻa i ka wā e hele ana ma kahi mamao o kahi 1 kilomita, ʻaʻole i ʻae ke kolu iā ʻoe e hōʻeha nui i nā mita 25 mau, ʻo ia ke kumu i ka hoʻomohala ʻia ai o ka gangrene.

Hoʻomaopopo ka atherosclerosis o nā moku o nā lalo haʻahaʻa e ke hana ana i kahi LPI, arteriography, a me ka dopplerography ultrasound.

Ho‘opaʻa palapala. Ke kaʻina e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loiloi i ka wahi a ka blockage a me kahi o ka hoʻopulapula o nā kīʻaha koko, e hoʻoholo ai i ka wikiwiki o ka kahe koko. Kūkulu ʻia nā maʻi maʻi o ka atherosclerosis e pili ana i nā kuʻuna o ka loiloi ultrasound, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā ala noiʻi maikaʻi loa loa. ʻO ka lono o ka hana mai ka 85%.
ʻAha inoa. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻokolokolo o ka mokuʻāina o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma lalo o ka noʻonoʻo, he maʻi ia e ʻike ai i ka nui o ka hōʻino a me ka nui o nā pli atherosclerotic. ʻO ia kekahi o nā koho no ka angiography. ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi o ka atherosclerosis no nā poʻe me ka mōʻaukala o ka puʻuwai, paʻa ʻole o ka pūpū.
Koi ʻaihū-brachial index. ʻIke ʻia ka LPI e ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pae o ka pae o ka pae systolic pressure ma ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa a me nā poʻohiwi. Hoʻonui nā helu o ka maʻi diabetes i nā kihi o luna loa e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻeha kino i nā moku o nā wāwae.

Lawe ʻia nā ana ʻike ʻia inā e moe ana. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hōʻailona, e kuhi ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka mākuhi i kekahi mau manawa i ka lālani, a laila hoʻohālikelike i nā hopena. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai maʻamau o ka LPI ma luna o 1.45 mau ʻāpana, ʻo ka optimum he ma waena o 1.1 a 1.4.

Ma mua o ka wehe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o ka angiography digital - ke ʻike nei i ke kaawale ʻana o nā pathologies i loko o nā moku ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa iki i loko o ka wai wai me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hopena.

Kākoʻo a me ka mālama ʻana

Ke pani nei i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka maʻi mai ka hoʻololi ʻana ma ke ʻano maʻamau o ke ola maʻamau. Hōʻike kekahi hau noiʻi o ka atherosclerosis i ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka pae o ka cholesterol koʻikoʻi ma o 10% me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino maʻamau, ke hōʻole o nā hana maikaʻi, a me ke hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā meaʻai maʻamau.

I ka papa meaʻai ʻana, ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa i nā meaʻai e like me ka momona momona, ka lard. E kōkua ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka meaʻai i nā iʻa, ka moa (ka mea hope loa - i nā mea liʻiliʻi). Hāʻawi ʻia nā huahana wai Fermī (ʻaʻole i ka papa inoa ka momona a me ka pata).

ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke hāʻawi i ka mea maʻi i ka hana pilikino e leʻaleʻa: ua lawa ia e hoʻohui i nā hele ma ka lewa hou i lōʻihi a hiki i ka hola 1 i kona hoʻoponopono o kēlā me kēia lā.

Pono kaʻai ʻana i ka paʻakai paʻakai (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 6 mau grama no ka lā).

Ke hōʻike nei i nā ʻano mua o ka atherosclerosis, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau maʻamau i ka mālama ʻana (ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau.

Me kahi ʻano i haʻi ʻia o ka atherosclerosis, pili ke mālama i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻololi nā loina Therapeutic:

statins
hoʻōla nicotinic
nā huaʻai
sequestrants o nā hua bile.

Hoʻohui ʻia, nā lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa ana i ka aʻa ika, aspirin, phospholipids koʻikoʻi hiki ke kuhikuhi.

ʻ islelo ʻia ka hopena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano pilikino o ka mea maʻi.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pae holomua o ka maʻi e ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina o ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke pani ʻana, ka hala ʻana o nā ʻoihana, a me nā prosthetics. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, pono ke manakia e hoʻokō i nā hoʻoponopono ʻana o ke ola a hahai i ka ʻai me ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau.

He maʻalahi kā ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi a loaʻa iā 5 mau kānāwai kumu:

Ka nānā ʻana i ka cholesterol a me ke koko.
Waʻa ʻole i ka ulaula, inu wai.
Hōʻalo i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ke kaohiʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kino.
ʻO ka papa hana kino o kēlā me kēia lā.

Pono ʻoe e ʻike: hiki i ka maʻi ākea o ka atherosclerosis ke kumu i ka make. ʻO ka nānā mua ʻana i ka maʻi e hiki ai ke hooki i kona kūkulu hou ʻana a hoʻomau i ka olakino.