Nā mea hoʻohana Tic antidiabetic

Nā mea hana antidiabetic ʻaʻano (nā mea hana hanohano hypoglycemic, nā mea āpau kūlohelohe waha) - nā mea lapaʻau e hōʻemi i ka glucose koko a hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi maʻi. Loaʻa nā mea āpau āpau antidiabetic āpau i ka palapala papa.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pathogenesis o ka mellitus o ka diabetes mellitus, ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka hana insulin e nā β-cells of thelets of Langerhans (insulin-depend diabetes mellitus a i ʻole type I diabetes mellitus), a i ʻole ka hopena o ka insulin i loko (non-insulin-dependence mellitus a i ʻole II ka maʻi mellitus). E like me kēia hypoglycemic lāʻau i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonui ana i ka hana o ka insulin e nā β-cell a i nā islets o Langerhans, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonui ana i ka paʻakikī ʻana o nā io i ka insulin.

Amino ʻAna Pūnaewele

Nā hana hana: hoʻoulu ia i ka huna huna e nā β-cell o nā mokupuni o Langerhans. ʻO ka maʻamau, me ka piʻi o ka nui o ka glucose, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka glucose i nā β-cell o nā mokupuni o Langerhans. Ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hoʻopunipuni me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi transporter kūikawā (GLUT-2), komo ka glucose i nā β-cell a me ka Phoryory, ke alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā molekula ATP, e poloka nei i nā KP kūpaʻa KP-hilinaʻi (K_ATPkahawai). Me ka blockade K_ATP-channels, K + ka puka mai ka wahī i hoʻopau ʻia, a ka depolarization o ka membrane cell. Me ka depolarization o ke membrane cell, wehe ʻia ke kahe wai hilinaʻi Ca 2+, a piʻi ka pae o Ca 2+ ma ka cytoplasm o β-cells e hoʻonui. Hoʻokomo ka wai o nā kaona wai 2+ i nā microfilamen a paio a hoʻolaha i ka neʻe o nā granule me ka insulin i ka membrane cell, ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā granules i ka membrane me ka exocytosis insulin.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumuhana Sulfonylurea i nā mea nānā aku o ka ʻano 1 (SUR1) K_ATP-aikuni a hoʻopaʻa aku i kēia mau kahawai. Ma kēia e nānā ai, hana ʻia ka depolarization o nā membrane cell, hoʻōla ʻia ka nui o ka mea i hilinaʻi ʻia o Ca 2+, a nui ka pū ʻana o Ca 2+ i loko o nā ʻona β. Me ka hoʻonui o ka pae o ka Ca 2+ i loko o β-cells, ka neʻe o ka granules me ka insulin i ka membrane plasma, ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā granules i ka membrane a me ka exocytosis insulin.

A manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nō hoʻi e hoʻonui i ka paʻakai o ka olakololinalurea ka maʻa o ka mauʻu i ka insulin a hoʻemi ʻana i ka hana glucose i loko o ka ate.

ʻO ka hopena hypoglycemic derog o ka sulfonylurea ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi nui loa i ka pae o ka glucose i ke koko (kulu i ka pilina ma waena o ka glucose a me ka huna o ka insulin). No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā derivatives sulfonylurea, hiki i ka hypoglycemia.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā derivatives o Sulfonylurea no ka II mellitus type II (ka nui o ka hana ʻana i ka insulin, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka naʻau i ka insulin). I ke ʻano aʻu mellitus maʻi diabetes i pili me ka luku ʻana i nā β-cell, ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Nā huaʻai o ka sulfonylureas o ka hanauna mua - chlorpropamide, tolbutamide (butamide) i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā dosis he nui, hana koke.

Nā hua hua o ka sulfonylureas o ka lua o ka hanauna - glibenclamide, glycidone, glycoslide, glimepiride, glipizide - i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hana lākou i ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka hopena lōʻihi (12-24 mau hola), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau lāʻau i nā hua o ke hiki o ka hypoglycemia. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka olonylurea o ka lua o ka hanauna. Kūkulu ʻia nā derivatives o Sulfonylurea 30 mau minuke ma mua o ka ʻai.

Nā hopena hopena o nā derivatives sulfonylurea:

• Hypoglycemia
• ʻAno, ʻoliwili hoʻi i loko o ka waha, ʻeha i loko o ka ʻōpū
• ʻO ka loaʻa kālā
• ʻO ka maʻi o ka waiʻona
• Hyponatremia
• Allergic reaksi, photodermatosis
• Hōʻeha ka hana ʻoluʻolu
• Leukopenia

Amino ʻAna Pūnaewele

ʻO Nateglinide kahi papa hua phenylalanine. Loaʻa iā ia ka hopena hōʻemi wikiwiki i ka K_ATP-channels o β-nā pūnaewele o ka islet appusus. Hoʻihoʻi hou i ka huni o ka insulin i ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana e ka glucose (i nele i ka maʻi II ʻano II). Hoʻokomo ia i nā mea huna o ka insulin i nā minuke 15 i ka ʻai mua ʻana. I nā hola 3-4 e hiki mai, e hoʻi hou ka pae o ka insulin i ka mea mua. Hoʻokumu ʻo Nateglinide i ka hana huna ʻana ma muli o ka pae glucose. Ma nā pae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka nateglinide i ka mea huna o ka insulin. ʻO ka huna ʻana o ka insulin i hana ʻia e nateglinide e hoʻemi me ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā pae glucose, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻoulu ʻia ka hypoglycemia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau.

2. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hana o ka hana o ka hana immunostimulate o t-activin, interferon, BCG, levamisole

E like me ka immunostimulants, nā mea biogen (hoʻomākaukau o ka thymus, interferons, interleukin-2, BCG) a me nā synthetic compound (ma ke ʻano, e hoʻohana ʻia ka levamisole). Ma nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa olakino, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi nui o nā mākaukau thymus e loaʻa he hopena immunostimulating (thymalin, tactivin, etc.). Ua pili lākou i ka polypeptides a i ʻole nā ​​protein. Hoʻololi ʻo Tactivin (T-activin) i ka helu a me ka hana o ka T-lymphocytes (ma nā wahi immunodeficiency) e hoʻoulu i ka hana o nā cytokine, e hoʻihoʻi i ka hana paʻa o T-killers a ma o ka maʻamau ka hoʻonui i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa o ka pale cellular. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā kūlana immunodeficiency (ma hope o ka radiation radiation a me ka chemotherapy i nā mea maʻi maʻi maʻi, me ka maʻi purulent a me nā ʻōlaʻi, a pēlā aku), lymphogranulomatosis, lymphocytic leukemia, multiple sclerosis. ʻO nā interferons no nā pūʻulu o ka cytokine ka hopena antiviral, immunostimulate a me antiproliferative. A, b a me y-interferons e hookaawale kaawale. ʻO ka hopena e pili ana i ke kānāwai loina e pili ana i ka pale mai interferon-y. Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena immunotropic o interferons i ka hoʻōlaʻana o nā macrophages, T-lymphocytes a me nā mea pepehi maoli. Hoʻoulu i nā hoʻomākaukau o ka interferon kūlohelohe i loaʻa i ke koko donor kanaka (interferon, interlock), a me ka interombinant interferons (reaferon, intron A, betaferon). Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka hoʻōla ʻia o nā maʻi he nui (no ka laʻana, ka maʻi influenza, hepatitis), a me kekahi hoʻi o nā maʻi maʻi (me myeloma, lymphoma mai nā papa B). Eia kekahi, he mea i kapa ʻia ka interferonogens (no ka laʻana, ka hapalua-dan, prodigiosan), e hoʻonui ai i ka hana o nā interferons endogenous, i hoʻohana mau ʻia i immunostimulants. ʻO kekahi mau interleukins, no ka laʻana, recombinant interleukin-2, i ʻōlelo pū ʻia ʻia he immunostimulants. Hoʻohana ʻia ka BCG no ka hoʻopake ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo BCG i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o nā maʻi ʻoi ʻole. Hoʻoulu ʻo BCG i nā macrophages a, akuhi, T-lymphocytes. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi hopena maikaʻi i ka maʻi leukemia myeloid, kekahi mau lymphomas (ʻaʻole i pili i ka lymphoma o Hodgkin), i ka maʻi o ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma, a me nā pōpoki papaha o ka pōpō. ʻO kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hana levamisole (decaris). Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ke ʻano o ka hydrochloride. Ua loaʻa ia ia kahi hana anthelmintic, me kahi hopena immunostimulating. ʻAʻole maopopo i ka mīkini o ka hopena o kēia hope. Aia ma laila he mana nō ka hopena o ka levamisole ma nā mācrophages a me T-lymphocytes. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hoʻololi i ka hana o nā antibodies. No laila, hōʻike ʻia ka hopena koʻikoʻi o ka levamisole i ka normalization o ka pale kelepona. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka immunodeficiency, kekahi mau maʻi maʻi maʻi, ka maʻi māla rheumatoid, a me kekahi helu o ka huki. IRS-19, ribomunil, interferon gamma, aldesleukin, thymogen, tiloron hoʻomākaukau o ka echinacea, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporin, basiliximab.

Nā hana hana

ʻO ka ʻoihana huahana ʻo Beat the ʻo ia ʻo Eli Lilly a me ʻOihana Huila ʻoihana i hoʻokumu ʻia, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1876 ma Indianapolis (USA, Indiana).

ʻO kēia kahiʻoihana lapaʻau mua mua e hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻenehana i nā insulin i ka 1923.

Hoʻokumu ka hui a hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā poʻe i kūleʻa a kūʻai ʻia ma nā hapa he haneli, a ma 13 mau ʻāina i loaʻa nā mea i lako no kā lākou hana.

ʻO ke kuhikuhi ʻelua o ka ʻoihana ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā pono o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Ua hele ʻo Lilly a me Company i Moscow ma mua o iwakālua mau makahiki. ʻO ke kumu o kāna ʻoihana ma Rūsia he mau pukana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, akā aia kekahi mau mea kūikawā: neurology, psychiatry, oncology.

ʻO ka mea hoʻohana hoʻomāloʻi i ka mea maʻi he 250 micrograms o exenatide.

ʻO ka nui ka sodium acetate trihydrate, glacial acetic acid, mannitol, metacresol a me ka wai no ka hoʻonāukiuki.

Loaʻa i ka Baeta ma ke ʻano o nā penehina syringe hoʻoneʻe me ka hopena waiwai no ka ʻoa ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻili 60 mau minuke ma mua o ka ʻai i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Baeta i ka mālama ʻana i ka mellitus non-insulin-depend-type (type II) i mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka mana glycemic:

• i ke ʻano o monotherapy - e pili ana i ke kua o ka pāʻai haʻahaʻa-mau haʻahaʻa a me ka hana kino e hiki ai ke mālama,
• i ka hui hui ʻana:
  • as as an as i ka sugar-lowering drug (metformin, thiazolidinedione, sulfonylurea derivatives),
  • no ka mea me ka metformin a me ka insulin basal.

I kēia hihia, pono paha nā derivatives o sulfonylurea e hoʻemi nui. Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo Byeta, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻemi iki i ka nui maʻamau ma 20% a hoʻoponopono iā ia ma lalo o ka kaohi o ka glycemia.

No nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke loli ʻia ka hoʻoponopono o ka mua.

Kūkākūkū kūmaha ʻia, nā lāʻau papa inoa o nā puke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e hoʻohuihui ʻia me nā mea hoʻohana ʻokoʻa hypoglycemic e hoʻonui i kā lākou hana a e hōʻole i ka koho ʻana i ka insulin.

ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o exenatide no:

• hiki i nā mea kiʻekiʻe ke nānā i nā mea e ulu ai ka lāʻau,
• ʻO mellitus ka pakanika o ke insulin (type I),
• decompensated renal a i ʻole kaulike ole,
• nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana o ka ʻōpū, hoʻopili ʻia e ka paresis (ʻae ʻia ʻo ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻōpū),
• hapai a me ka umauma,
• ʻo ka ʻoi a ma mua o ka pancreatitis ma mua.

Mai kākau i nā keiki a hiki lākou i ka wā ʻelemakule.

Pono e mālama ʻia me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka exenatide a me ka mākaukau waha e koi ai i ka hoʻihoʻi koke ʻana mai ka pānaʻi ʻana: pono e hana ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi hola ma mua o ka maʻi o Bayet a i ʻole ia mau kīʻaha ʻole i pili ʻole i kāna alakaʻi.

ʻO ka pinepine o nā hanana ʻino i ka wā e hoʻohana ai ʻo Byet mai 10 a 40%, hōʻike ʻia lākou i ka maʻi nalo a me ka luaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka mālama ʻana. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hele mai nā hopena kūloko ma ka pūnaewele injection.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lāʻau

Hoʻowahāwahā ka maʻi maʻi i kēia lāʻau e like me ke ahi!

Pono ʻoe e koi ...

ʻO ka nīnau no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā Bayet me kahi hana hou, e like me ke kānāwai, hiki ke kū mai ma lalo o nā kūlana i lalo iho nei:

• ʻaʻole hoʻemi ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka glucose,
• ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻaoʻao,
• Ua kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau Baeta huahana - nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hoʻōla a me nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe - ʻaʻole.

ʻO nā kikowaena piha i lalo o ka laikini mai Lilly a me Company ua hana ʻia e Bristol-Myers Squibb Co (BMS) a me AstraZeneca.

Kuhi kekahi mau ʻāina ma Byetu ma lalo o ka lāʻau kūʻai lapaʻau e Bydureon.

ʻO Baeta Long kahi kikowaena hypoglycemic me ka mea hana pū aku ai (exenatide), he hana lōʻihi. ʻO ka hui kaulike o Baeta. Ke ʻano o ke hoʻohana - hoʻokahi ʻekahi subutaneus i kēlā me kēia 7 lā.

Ka hui pū kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Victoza (Denemaka) - kahi lāʻau hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kōkō, ʻo ka hana ikaika ka liraglutide. Ma nā waiwai therapeutic, hōʻike a me nā contraindications, ua like like me Baete.

Hoʻokahi hoʻokahi dosage nā agonist incretin - kahi maʻi hou.

Hōʻike ka lua o ka papa o ka papa o ka huaʻai me nā lālani e pale i ka hana o ka enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4). Loaʻa lākou i nā ʻano molekiola a me nā waiwai pharmacological.

Hoʻokomo ka poʻe DPP-4 i loko o Januvia (Netherlands), Galvus (Switzerland), Transgenta (Kelemānia), Ongliza (USA).

E like me Baeta a me Victoza, hoʻonui lākou i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka insulin ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka incretins, pale i ka hana o ka glucagon a hoʻoikaika i ka hōʻola o nā cell pancreatic.

Mai hoʻopilikia wale i ka helu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻōpū a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hāʻawi i ka lilo o ka kaumaha.

Ke hōʻike nei no ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia ʻano o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ka non-insulin-dependence diabetes mellitus (type II) i ke ʻano monotherapy a i ʻole pū me nā lāʻau lapaʻau haʻahaʻa.

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā dole therapeutic ʻaʻole e hōʻemi i kahi kahe o ke kō koko, ʻoiai ka hiki ʻana o kona indexological index, pau ka hana ʻana i ka glucagon.

ʻO kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi, ʻo kā lākou dosage ʻano ma ka ʻano o nā papa no ka hoʻopale waha, e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke komo i ka lāʻau i loko o ke kino me kaʻole e loaʻa ka maʻi.

Pākuʻi helu

ʻO ka hoʻonā no ka hoʻokele subcutaneous.

1 ml o ka hoʻonā i loaʻa:

mea ikaika: exenatide 250 mcg,

nā mea hoʻowalewale: sodium acetate trihydrate 1.59 mg, acetic acid 1.10 mg, mannitol 43.0 mg, metacresol 2.20 mg, wai no ka ʻomaʻi q.s. a hiki i 1 ml.

ʻĀnō pololi poloka.

ʻO nā waiwai Pharmacological

ʻO Exenatide (Exendin-4) he agonist receptor e like me ka glucagon e like me ka amidopeptide 39-amino. ʻO ka mea nui, e like me ka peptide like-glucagon-1 (GLP-1), e hoʻonui i ka huna ʻana i ka glucose o ka glucose, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana cell cell, e kīpī i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka pale me ka hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōpū ma hope o kā lākou komo ʻana i ke kaila ākea mai nā ʻōpū. He exenatide kahi mimetic mimetin ikaika e hoʻonui ai i ka huna ʻana i ka glucose o ka glucose a loaʻa nā hopena hypoglycemic i loaʻa i ka incretins, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka mana glycemic i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes type 2.

ʻO ka papa waikawa amino o ka exenatide mahele like me ka pakanui o ka GLP-1, ma muli o ia mea e nakinaki ai a hoʻonā i nā mea hoʻonaninani GLP-1 i loko o nā kānaka, e alakaʻi ana i ka synthesis-hilinaʻi nui o ka glucose a me ka huna ʻana o ka insulin mai ka pancreatic beta cells me ka komo ʻana o ka cyPic AMP a me / a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona intracellular ʻē aʻe. ala. Hoʻokomo ʻo Exenatide i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka insulin mai nā beta beta i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka piʻiʻana o ka glucose. Hoʻolaha ka Exenatide i ka hana kemika a me nā hana pharmacological mai ka insulin, derivatives sulfonylurea, D-phenylalanine derivatives a me meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones a me alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.

Hoʻonui ka Exenatide i ka mālama glycemic i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi type 2 no ka mea hana i kēia mau hana.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea huna insulin. i nā kūlana hyperglycemic, hoʻomaikaʻi ka exenatide i ka huna ʻana i ka glucose i ka huna ʻana i nā insulin mai nā papa beta pancreatic. Ua kāpae kēia mea huna huna i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka glucose i ka koko a pili pono i ka mea maʻamau, a laila e hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka hypoglycemia.

ʻO ka mea mua o ka pane ʻana i ka insulin. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka insulin i nā minuke 10 mua, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "pae mua o ka pane ʻana i ka insulin", ua paʻa ia i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi 2. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nalowale o ka pae mua o ka pane ʻana o ka insulin he ʻemi o ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka beta cell e hana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Hoʻomaka hou ka mālama ʻana o ka exenatide i ka mua a me ka lua o nā lua o ka pane ʻana i ka insulin i nā maʻi maʻi me ka maʻi type 2.

Hoʻokaʻa ʻia Glucagon: i nā mea maʻi me ka diabetes type type 2 e kū'ē ana i ke kua o ka hyperglycemia, ke hoʻomalu nei ka hana o ka exenatide i ka hōʻailona o ka ʻona.Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e hoʻopili ʻo exenatide i ka pane o ka glucagon maʻamau i ka hypoglycemia.

Pā meaʻai ʻana: ka hoʻokele o ka exenatide alakaʻi i kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka momona a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻai o ka meaʻai.

Hokaʻa Gastric: hōʻike ʻia i ka hoʻomalu ʻana o ka exenatide i ka hoʻomoʻomaʻo o ka gastric, e hoʻohiolo ana i kona hakahaka. I nā maʻi me ka diabetes type mellitus type, exenatide therapy in monotherapy a me ka hui pū me ka metformin a / a i ʻole ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka sulfonylurea hoʻomākaukau i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻa glucose koko, a i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ka postprandial glucose, a me HbA1c, ma laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mālama glycemic i kēia mau maʻi.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

Ma hope o ka hoʻonaʻauao subcutaneous i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 2, ua wikiwiki loa ka exenatide a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka plasma kiʻekiʻe ma hope o 2.1 mau hola. ʻO ka awelika kiʻekiʻe ka nui (Cmax) ka 211 pg / ml a me ka nui o ka wahi ma lalo o ka neʻe o ka paʻa-manawa (AUC_0-int) kahi 1036 pg x h / ml ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana o ka subutanu i kahi pāpaʻa o 10 μg exenatide. Ke kū nei i ka exenatide, hoʻonui nui ʻo AUC i ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hopena mai 5 μg a 10 μg, aʻo ke kaʻina kū ʻole o ka Cmax. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hopena like me ka hoʻokele subcutaneous o exenatide ma ka ʻōpū, ka ʻūhā a me nā poʻohiwi paha.

ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka exenatide ma hope o ka hoʻolālā subcutaneous he 28.3 lita.

Metabolism a me ka hoʻopā ʻana

ʻO ka exenatide hana mua ʻia e ka filomation glomerular i ukali ʻia e ka proteolytic degradation. ʻO Exenatide clearance ʻo 9.1 l / h a me ka hapalua hope o ke ola he 2,4 hola. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona pharmacokinetic o exenatide he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā mea hou o ka exenatide ma kahi o 10 mau hola ma hope o ka pau ʻana.

Nā hui ahonui kūikawā

ʻO ka maʻi me ka hana renal impaired

I nā mea maʻi me ka hana ʻole a pau ʻole lula paha (hana i hana ʻia me ka 30-80 ml / min), ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka exenatide i nā mea i loko o nā kumuhana me ka hana maʻamau, no laila, ʻaʻole i koi ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka lāʻau. Eia naʻe, i nā mea maʻi me ka hala ʻole o ka hope o ka renal i pau i ka dialysis, hoʻemi ʻia ka clearance hōʻemi i 0.9 l / h (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 9.1 l / h i nā kumuhana olakino).

ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka hana pūlima hemahema

No ka mea ua hoʻopili ʻia ka exenatide e nā keiki, a ʻike ʻia ka hopena hepatic impaired i hoʻololi ʻole i ka neʻe o ka exenatide i ke koko. ʻO nā elemakule ʻAʻole pili ka makahiki i ka maʻi pharmacokinetic o exenatide. No laila, ʻaʻole i koi ʻia ka poʻe maʻi ʻōpiopio e hoʻokō i ka hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono ʻia.

E na keiki ʻAʻole aʻo ʻia nā pharmacokinetics o exenatide i nā keiki.

Nā ʻIpiopio (12 a 16 makahiki)

Ma kahi noiʻi pharmacokinetic i hana pū me nā mea maʻi me ka diabetes mellitus type 2 i nā makahiki 12 o 16 makahiki, ʻo ka hoʻokele o exenatide ma kahi paeʻai o 5 μg i ukali ʻia e nā ʻōmaka pharmacokinetic e like me nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka poʻe pākeke.

ʻAʻohe ʻanoʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine i loko o ka pharmacokinetics o exenatide. Kāhea ʻAʻole pili ka lāhui i ka pharmacokinetics o exenatide. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma ke ʻano ʻōiwi.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi

ʻAʻohe mea hoʻomaopopo ma waena o ka index mass body (BMI) a me exenatide pharmacokinetics. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma kahi BMI.

Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 2 i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻokō ai i ka mana glycemic kūpono.

Hoʻohui hui
ʻO ka type 2 diabetes mellitus ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻomohala hou no ka metformin, kahi derivative sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, kahi hui o ka metformin a me kahi mea pili a metformin a metformin a thiazolidinedione i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka mana glycemic kūpono. ʻO ka type 2 diabetes mellitus ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻomohala hou i ka hui ʻana o ka insulin basal a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka metformin e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka mana glycemic.

Nā Hoʻohui

• ʻO ka hypersensitivity e exenatide a i nā mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i hoʻomālamalama ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau
• ʻO ke ʻano maʻi mellitus type 1 a i ʻole ka hele ʻana o ka ketoacidosis maʻi
• Hōʻea papaha hōʻole (hana hoʻopunipuni ʻo Monotherapy

ʻO ka hanana ʻino e loaʻa pinepine ai i nā hihia kaawale i kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻōki ʻia ʻana aʻe: pinepine pinepine (≥10%), pinepine pinepine (≥1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, hui pū me nā hui like ʻole.

ʻO nā hanana ʻino e pili pinepine ana i nā hihia hoʻokahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me ka helu helu ʻana: pinepine pinepine (≥10%), pinepine (≥1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, NANO a ʻĀLOHE ANA O KA HOLDER (OWNER) KA MANA U KAHIKI KAHIKINA

AstraZeneca UK Limited, UK 2 Kingdom Street, London W2 6BD, UK AstraZeneca UK Limited, United Kingdom 2 Kingdom Street, London W2 6BD, United Kingdom

MANUFACTURER

Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions ELC, USA
927 South Pahu Kahukimaka, Bloomington, Indiana, 47403, USA
Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions LLC, USA
927 South Pahu Kahukahu, Bloomington, Indiana 47403, USA

ALOHA

1. Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions ELC, USA 927 South Curry Pike, Bloomington, Indiana, 47403, USA Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions LLC, USA 927 South Curry Pike, Bloomington, Indiana 47403, USA (ka hoʻopiha ʻana iā ʻoe).

2. Sharp Corporation, USA 7451 Keebler Way, Allentown, PA, 18106, USA Sharp Corporation, USA 7451 Keebler Way, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 18106, USA (hui kūloko i loko o kahi peni ʻoihana)

PAKAI (KĀHAI (KAUINA)

Enestia Belgium NV, Belgium
Kloknerstraat 1, Hamont-Ahel, B-3930,
Belgia Enestia Belz NV, Belgium
Klocknerstraat 1, Hamont-Achel, B-3930, Belgium

KA MOOLELO KUPUNA

AstraZeneca UK Limited, UK
Pūnaewele ʻo Silk Road, Mcclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, UK
AstraZeneca UK Limited, United Kingdom brSilk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom

ʻAna, inoa o ka hoʻonohonoho i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea nāna i lawe ʻia a i ʻole nona ka palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ʻae i nā koi mai ka mea kūʻai.

ʻO ka hui o AstraZeneca UK Limited, United Kingdom,
i Moscow a me AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LLC
125284 Moscow, st. Kauahi, 3, p 1

Baeta a i ʻole Victoza: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi?

Aia nā lāʻau ʻelua i ka hui like ʻole - nā mea hoʻohālike o synthetic o nā penetite, he like nā hopena therapeutic.

Akā ʻoi aku ka hopena o Victoza e kōkua i ka hoʻemi ʻana o ke kaupaona o nā mea maʻi obese me ka maʻi II.

ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ko Victoza, a ke kuhikuhi ʻia e hāʻawi ʻia i nā inikini subcutaneous o ka lāʻau i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻai, aʻo Bayetu ke hoʻolauna ʻia ʻelua papaha i ka lā hoʻokahi ma mua o ka papaʻaina.

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūʻai aku ma Viktoza i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Ke hoʻoholo nei ke kauka komo i ka koho o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino o ka mea maʻi, ka nui o nā hopena a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka pae o ka maʻa o ka maʻi o ka maʻi.