Thioctic acid

ʻO Antioxidants nā mea e keehi aku i nā hopena oxidative. ʻO nā radical manuahi e hakakā ai lākou i nā hana he nui i ka lolo. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi, nā maʻi cardiovascular. I waena o nā mea e loaʻa ai kēia mau waiwai he acidum thiocticum. ʻO ke aʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka thioctic acid (ua unuhi ʻia ka ʻōlelo mai Latin) e ʻōlelo nei kekahi wale nō o nā hana liʻiliʻi o kēia pūlea.

Ke noi

ʻO Thioctic a lipoic acid ka mea hoʻopili bioactive i manaʻo ʻia ma mua o ka waiwai like vitamin. Akā ma hope o kahi noiʻi kikoʻī, ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻo ia ma waena o nā huaora e hōʻike ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma nā palapala lapaʻau, ua loaʻa ka inoa Vitamin N.

E like me ka antioxidant, ʻoi aku ka lāʻau thioctic e hoʻopili i nā mea lāʻau māmā. Ma o kona hopena ma ke kino, ua like ia me nā huaora o ka hui B. Hōʻike ka waiwai i ka detoxification a me nā hepatoprotective.

ʻO kēia polysaccharide ke ʻano nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka hope a me ka hoʻoneʻe waiwai. Ua wawahi ia ma lalo o ka hopena o nā enzymes i ka wā e emi ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō, no ka laʻana, i ka wā e hoʻoikaika kino ai ke kino. Hoʻomaʻemi ka hana i ka hopena o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka maʻi mellitus - mea hoʻopilikia i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana o ka nupepa, naʻau, a me nā kīʻaha koko.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana, lawe ʻia ka waiwai mai ka gastrointestinal tract. Kuhi ʻia ka paona ʻana ma hope o kahi manawa o 25 mau minuke i ka hola 1. ʻO ka pae bioavailability mai 30 a 60%. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pākaʻi Lipoic i ke ʻano o nā metabolites ma o nā keiki.

E kū'ē i Cholesterol a me ke kaumaha

Ka hōʻemi o ka acid Lipoic i ka hōʻemi o ka cholesterol kino i loko o ke koko, no ka mea, e komo i ka momona o ka metabolism momona a he mea nui ia i loko. Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena hypypololesterol inā lawa ka nui o ka wai i loko o ke kino. Mālama pū ka lāʻau ʻala i ka momona. Pale kēia i ka momona nui a hoʻopaʻa i ka luhi kino.

I ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pathologies vascular

Ma ka mālamaʻana i ka nui o ka waikawa thioctic i loko o ke kino, hiki ke hoʻemi i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pathologies cardiovascular, me ka mau hōʻeha a me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai. I nā poʻe maʻi me nā maʻi like, hoʻemi ʻia ka waiwai i ka hopena o ka maʻi a pale i nā hoʻopiʻi weliweli.

Hoʻonui ka lāʻau i ka manawa hoʻoponopono, e kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi hou i ka hana o ke kino ma hope o kahi hōʻeha. I kēia hihia, hoʻemi ʻia ka pae o ka paresis (ka piha piha) a me ka hana ʻole i nā io o ka ʻiʻo o ka lolo.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka Thioctic acid no ka polyneuropathy (maʻi, hoʻonaninani), nā ʻona, ʻona, me nā paʻakai o nā metala kaumaha, pale grebe. Hoʻohana pono ka hāmeʻa no nā pathologies ati:

• hepatitis A virus, hepatitis maʻi,
• hoʻoneʻe momona
• maʻiʻeha.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka Vitamin N no ka hyperlipidemia, maʻi ʻia me ka atherosclerosis coronary, kaukae keu.

Nā Hoʻohui

ʻAʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ka acid Thioctic no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana:

• hypersensitivity i ka lipoic acid a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe i mahele o ka lāʻau, no ka lactose,
• ʻaʻole i hiki i ka mea maʻi ke hiki i ka makahiki 6, me kahi dosis a 600 mg - 18 mau makahiki.

I loko o ka neuropathy koʻikoʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka maʻi mellitus maʻi, hāʻawi ʻia ka wai thioctonic intravenously ma 300-600 mg. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōkuhi ʻana e ka maʻi a i ke kahakaha ʻana. E mau ka papa i nā he 2-4 pule. A laila ua kuhikuhi ʻia kahi palapala papa.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻoka e ke kauka, nāna i ʻike i ka nui o ka maʻi a me ke ʻano o ka mea maʻi.

ʻO ka palena liʻiliʻi o ka lāʻauʻo 12 mau hebedoma. Wahi a ka hoʻoholo a nā kauka, hoʻomau ʻia ke ala a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia.

Loaʻa ka hopena

ʻOiaiʻo ka papa inoa o nā hopena maikaʻiʻole e hōʻino mai ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau, he mea pōkole loa ia.

I ka wā e mālama ai, ʻo ia mau ʻano maikaʻi ka hopena.

• i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana - hoʻowalewale pālahalaha, hōʻike ʻia e ka mokuila, ka luaʻi ʻana, ka ʻaihue hāwau, a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū,
• nā hōʻailona o ka hyperreaction - kahi kaulahao ma ka epidermis, urticaria, anaphylactic shock,
• cephalgia
• ka haule ʻana o ke kahe o ke koko,
• me ka wikiwiki o ka lawelawe makua - ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hanu, hoʻonui ʻia ke kaomi intacranial, diplopia - ka ʻike maka ʻole i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻike maka ʻelua, i nā māka, nā puʻupuʻu nāhelehe, ka puhaka, e like me nā platelets, nā kīpī o ka pinpoint e pili ana i nā dermis, nā keʻa mucous ua paʻa.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻohana

Maʻalahi ka meaʻai e paʻakikī i ka lāʻau. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻohana i ka waikiki thioctic i ka wā hapai e hilinaʻi i ka mahele o nā pono no nā wahine a ʻoi paha nā pilikia no ke keiki hānau ʻole. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i hoʻokū ʻia ka hopena e ka FDA.

Ma ka koho ʻana i ka wai thioctic, mālama ke kauka i ka ʻōnaehana koko, keu i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi. I ka wā mālama, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka wai i ka meaʻai.

E mālama i nā papa ma ke mahana o + 25 ° C, pale mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka lā a me ka māla. Hoʻokuʻu ʻole i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā keiki ke keiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hoʻopili pū me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe

Hoʻopili ka acid Thioctic i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka hopena ke hopena i ka hopena o ka mālama. Nā mea i ʻike ʻia.

• Hoʻonui ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā waiwai o ke kō o ke koko hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a ma ke ʻano like i ka insulin. Pono kēia ke koho kūpono ʻana ma ka pānaʻi o nā huahana hypoglycemic.
• ʻO ka hopena o ka waihiko thioctic e hōʻemi ana i ka hana pono o cisplatin, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā pathologies cancer.
• Hoʻololi ʻia ka palapala wai no ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā hoʻonā a nā ringer, dextrose, nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili pū ana me ka disulfide a me nā pūʻulu-SH.
• ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā waiwai anti-inflammatory o glucocorticoids.
• Hoʻemi ka Ethyl alkohol i ka hopena o ka lāʻau.

Ke keu

Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia nā overdose. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka nui o ka waikawa e hele mai i ka meaʻai e hoʻokuʻu koke aku, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka manawa e hōʻeha i ke kino. ʻOiai ʻo kēia, i nā mea maʻi me ka hoʻohana mau loa ʻana i ka lāʻau, hoʻohana ka hoʻohana i nā pona ma luna o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, pilikia ke ʻano. ʻO nā ʻōhumu i hala:

• hooholomua
• puʻuwai
• ʻeha i ka lua o ka ʻōpū
• lie kanikela.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka asika thioctic ma muli o ka mea hana a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu i ka lāʻau. Ke noi ʻia nei nā kumukūʻai:

• hopena no ka hoʻokele intravenous (5 ampoules, 600 mg) - 780 rubles.,
• kūpaʻa i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hoʻonā (30 mg, 10 ampoules) - 419 rub.,
• papa 12 mg, 50 pcs. - mai 31 rub.,
• Nā 25 papa papa, 50 pcs. - mai 53 mau rubles.,
• 600 mau papa, 30 pcs. - 702 rub.

I loko o ka pūnaewele kūʻai olakino, hōʻike ʻia nā lāʻau me nā mea nui me ka waiwai thioctic acid i lalo o nā inoa inoa:

• hoʻonā i nā kūleʻa o Espa-Lipon (Esparma, Kelemānia),
• hoʻonā Ioaʻa i ka ampoule Berlition 300 (Berlin-Chemie AG / Menarini, Kelemānia),
• nā pālani pale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, Oktolipen infusion concentrate (Pharmstandard, Lūkia),
• Nā papaʻi Tiogamma (Woerwag Pharma, Kelemānia),
• nā papa Thioctacid BV (Meda Pharma, Kelemānia),
• ʻO nā papa Tiolipon (Biosynthesis, Rūsia),
• ʻO nā kapala a ʻOololipen (Pharmstandard, Rūsia),
• Nā papa hana, nā hoʻonā i ka Tielept ampoules (Canonpharma, Rusia)

Hoʻohana wale ʻia ka analogie aʻai ʻole paha e ke kauka.

He nui ka poʻe i ʻike i ka hopena o ka waikē thioctic ma luna o lākou. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hāmeʻa. ʻIke kekahi mau mea hoʻohana pono, ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe ʻaʻohe hopena.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lāʻau Thioctic i loko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka ʻole ke ʻano. Akā, ʻaʻole ia i ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna ponoʻī, ʻoi aku i nā keiki. Inā kū like nā hōʻailona i kēlā me kēia mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e kiʻi mua i kahi kauka e ʻike mua i ke kumu o ke kuhi. A ma hope wale nō o ka hoʻomau maʻi ʻana, kuhikuhi ke kahuna koʻikoʻi i ka Thioctic acid. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana, i hāʻawi ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, no ka familiarization aoao me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Loaʻa ʻia ka Vitamin N i ka meaʻai, kahi e malu ai e loaʻa. Hoʻomaopopo nā meaʻaiʻai i ka ʻai i ka maiʻa, nā pōpoki, ka offal, nā aniani, ka waiū, nā mea kanu, nā hua. ʻO ka helu o kēlā me kēia lā ka wai thioctic no kahi pākeke mai 25 a 50 mg. I ka wahine hapai a me ka lactating, nui ka pono no ka hoʻonui ʻana, a hiki ʻo 75 mg.

Hōʻikeʻike o nā kauka e pili ana i ka lāʻau thioctic

ʻOi aku ka momona i nā hua o kona mau huaʻōlelo antiioxidant. Hoʻohana wau i ka sperm i nā maʻi me nā maʻi kāne o ka pale ʻana i ke kaumaha oxidative, ke nānā nui nei nā theorists i kēia manawa. Ke hōʻike nei i ka waikawa thioctic ʻo hoʻokahi mea - polyneuropathy maʻi maʻi, akā wehewehe pololei nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo "ʻaʻole kēia he kumu e hoʻowahāwahā ai i ka waiwai o ka waika thioctic ma ka hana lapaʻau."

Me ka hoʻohana lōʻihi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ke nānā i nā mea ʻono, hoʻoemi i ka momona, hiki i ka thrombocytopenia.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā lāʻau anti antioxidant ka mea nui o ka makemake lapaʻau koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi nui o ka pōʻai urogenital.

ʻO kahi neuroprotector maʻamau me nā waiwai antioxidant, hoʻohana maʻamau e nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi mellitus, a me nā mea maʻi me polyneuropathies, ua hōʻoia ʻia.

Pono e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kumukūʻai.

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, kahi lāʻau maikaʻi me nā waiwai antioxidant i haʻi. Kūleʻa wau no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hoʻohana wau i ka mālama paʻakikī o nā maʻi me nā maʻi wāwae maʻi, neuro-ischemic form. Me ka hoʻohana maʻamau e hāʻawi i nā hopena maikaʻi.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea maʻi e pili ana i ka pono no ka mālama ʻana i kēia lāʻau.

Pono nā maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes e loaʻa kahi papa liʻiliʻi o ka lāʻau me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua i ka makahiki.

Ka ʻae maikaʻi ʻana a me ka hopena wikiwiki inā hoʻohana intravenously.

ʻAʻole kūlike ia ke kumu, hoʻokaʻawale koke ʻia ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka mālamalama, no laila i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, pono ia e kāwili i ka ʻāpana ʻāpana i ka foil.

Hoʻohana ka Lipoic acid (ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka thiogamma, thioctacid, berlition, octolipene) i mea e pale ai a mālama i nā hoʻopiʻi o ka maʻi mellitus, ma ka mea maʻamau, polyneuropathy diabetes. Me nā polyneuropathies (kahi waiʻona, hoʻopōʻino) e hāʻawi pū ana i kahi hopena maikaʻi.

Hoʻomaopopo maʻi hoʻomanawanui ma ka Thioctic Acid

Ua kuhikuhi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau iaʻu e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha o ke kino, ua kuhikuhi lākou iaʻu i kahi o 300 mg 3 mau manawa i ka lā, no ʻekolu mau lā i ka wā aʻu e hoʻohana ai i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau nā ʻili kino ʻole o koʻu ʻili, maloʻo koʻu mau lā koʻikoʻi e hoʻomaloka, ua pau ka hū ʻana i koʻu lauoho, ʻaʻole naʻe i neʻe koʻu koʻikoʻi, keia no ka hooko ana i ka CBJU. ʻO ka hoʻohiki ʻana o ka hoʻonāukiuki, ʻaʻole i hiki. Eia nō hoʻi, i ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, loaʻa ka urine i kahi ʻākala kūikawā, ʻo ka ammonia paha, ʻaʻole i maopopo ka mea. Hoʻokū ʻia ka lāʻau.

Antioxidant nui. He ʻano kūpono a kūpono hoʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ʻole me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.

Ua kauoha ʻia au i ka acid thioctic a lawe wau i ka papa 1 i ka manawa no ka lā 2 mau mahina. Ua loaʻa iaʻu ka ikaika hope o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a ua nalowale koʻu mau manaʻo ʻono.

ʻO Thioctic acid a i ʻole kekahi inoa ʻo ia ka lipoic acid. Hoʻohana au i 2 mau papa o ka mālama ʻana me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau - ʻo ka papa mua o 2 mau mahina ma ka puna, a ma hope o 2 mau mahina hou ʻelua papa ʻelua ʻelua. Ma hope o ka papa mua, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ka hoʻomanawanui o ke kino (no ka laʻana, ma mua o ka papa hiki iaʻu ke hana i kahi o 10 squats me ka ʻole o ka hanu, ma hope o ka papa 1 ka mea ua 20-25). Ua emi iki hoʻi ka mea momona a me ka hopena, ke kaupaona ʻana o ka paona mai 120 a 110 kg i 3 mau mahina. Ua hele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou aku ka maka, ua nalo aku ka malu o ka ashen. Ua inu au i 2 papa 4 mau manawa i ka lā ma ka papa manawa ma ka manawa maʻamau (mai ka 8 i kēlā me 4 mau hola).

ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole

ʻO ka Thioctic acid kahi mea lawelawe metabolic e hoʻoponopono i ka hana o ka metabolates a me nā momona. Hāʻawi nā ʻōlelo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻokahi hōʻailona hoʻokahi - polyneuropathy diabetes. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia he kumu e hoʻowahāwahā i ka nui o nā waikini thioctic i ka hana lapaʻau. He mau mea kupaianaha nō kēia antiogenxid endogenous e hoʻopaʻa i nā maʻi lāʻau hōʻeha. Lawe ka Thioctic acid i kahi hana ikaika i ka hoʻoliʻi cellular, e hana ana i ka hana o kahi coenzyme ma ke kaulahao o ka hoʻololi metabolic i nā mea antitoxic e pale i nā cell mai nā hoʻopuka manuahi. Thioctic acid potentiates ka hana o ka insulin, ka mea i pili me ka hoʻoneʻe o ke kaʻina hana o ka glucose.

ʻO nā maʻi i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā maʻi endocrine-metabolic i loko o kahi o ka manaʻo kūikawā o nā kauka no ka ʻoi aku o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki. I ka hopena o 80s o ka makahiki hope, ua hoʻokomo mua ka manaʻo o "insulin resisten syndrome" i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a hui pū ʻia, ʻoiai ua kū ka insulin, ka hoʻomanawanui i ka glucose a me ka haehae o ka hypertension. ʻO ka maʻi kū'ē o ka insulin ka inoa like me ka "metabolic syndrome". Ke hoʻohālikelike nei, ua hoʻomohala nā kauka i nā kumu kūpono o ka metabolic therapy e kuhikuhi ana i ka mālama a hoʻoponopono hou paha i ka puna, kāna hana maoli physiological, ʻo ia kahi ʻano no ka hana maʻamau o ka hanu. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka lāʻau Metabolic i ka terapi o ka hormone, mālama i kahi pae maʻamau o chole- a me ka ergocalciferol (ʻo ka pūʻulu D vitamina), a me ka mālama ʻana me nā momona momona, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo alpha lipoic a thioctic. I kēia mea, hewa maoli ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau antioxidant me ka thioctic acid wale nō i ka ʻano o ka mālama ʻana o ka maʻi neuropathy maʻi.

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea nui hoʻi i ka metabolic therapy. I ka mua, ua kapa ʻia ka wai thioctic i kapa ʻia ʻo "Vitamin N", e pili ana i kona koʻikoʻi no ke koena. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kāna kūlana pālahalaha, ʻaʻole kēia mea momona. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hōʻaihewa i ka "wao" biochemical me ka haʻi ʻana o ka pehu o ka dehydrogenase a me ka piʻō ʻana o Krebs, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i nā ʻano antioxidant acid o ka acid thioctic, me ka komo ʻana i ka hoʻoiho hou ʻana o nā mea antioxidants, no ka laʻana, ka huaʻala E, coenzyme Q10 a me ka glutathione. Eia kekahi: ʻo ka pauku thioctic ka maikaʻi loa o nā antiioxidants āpau, a ke kala ʻia nei ka ʻike ʻana i ka underestimation e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka ʻāpono a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻana o nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana, i kaupalena ʻia, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, i ka neuropathy maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka neuropathy ka maʻi degenerative degenerative o ka palupena o ke nūpepa, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi pilikia o ke kaila o ke kikowaena, peripheral a me autonomic, a me ka desynchronization o nā ʻāpana āpau a me nā ʻōnaehana. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōhumu māla holoʻokoʻa, e komo pū ai a he ʻokoʻa nā ʻono. Pili pū ka pathogenesis o neuropathy i ʻelua mau kaʻina hana: hoʻihoʻi ka hana a me ke koʻikoʻi oxidative. Hāʻawi i ka "tropism" o ka hopena o ka nupepa ma waena, ʻo ka hana a ka mea lapaʻau ʻaʻole i hōʻike wale ʻia i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi o nā hōʻailona o ka neuropathy, akā, ʻo kāna hana ikaika me ka wai thioctic. No ka mea (ʻoiai, ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana) o ka neuropathy ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, pono ia e hoʻomaka i ka lawe ʻana i ka wai thioctic i ka wā hiki.

Loaʻa ka Thioctic acid i nā papa. ʻO kahi dosis hoʻokahi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka 600 mg. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka synergism o ka wai thioctic i ka insulin, me ka hoʻohana like ʻana o kēia mau lāʻau ʻelua, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka nui o ka hopena hypoglycemic o ka insulin a me ka papa hypoglycemic agents.

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano

ʻO nā papa, i ulana ʻia mai ka melemele a me ka melemele i-keokeo i ka waihoʻoluʻu, he poepoe, biconvex, i ka pāoū o ke kumu mai ke aniani a i ka melemele.

Nā mea hoʻihoʻi: microcrystalline cellulose 165 mg, lactose monohidate 60 mg, sodium croscarmellose 24 mg, povidone K-25 21 mg, colloidal silicon dioxide 18 mg, magnesium stearate 12 mg.

ʻO ka mana o ka membrane film: hypromellose 5 mg, hyprolose 3,55 mg, macrogol-4000 2.1 mg, titanium dioxide 4.25 mg, kūmole wai quinoline 0.1 mg.

10 kamepiula - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (1) - nā pahu o ka pahu paʻi.
10 kamepiula - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (2) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
10 kamepiula - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (3) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
10 kamepiula - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (4) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
10 kamepiula - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (5) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
10 kamepiula - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (10) - nā pahu o ka pahu paʻi.
20 mau kāleka. - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (1) - nā pahu o ka pahu paʻi.
20 mau kāleka. - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (2) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
20 mau kāleka. - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (3) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
20 mau kāleka. - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (4) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
20 mau kāleka. - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (5) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
20 mau kāleka. - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (10) - nā pahu o ka pahu paʻi.
30 kiʻi - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (1) - nā pahu o ka pahu paʻi.
30 kiʻi - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (2) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
30 kiʻi - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (3) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
30 kiʻi - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (4) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
30 kiʻi - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (5) - nā kīʻaha o ke kāleka.
30 kiʻi - nā kīpaha palemona (alumini / PVC) (10) - nā pahu o ka pahu paʻi.
10 kamepiula - nā kīʻaha polymer (1) - nā ʻeke pepa.
20 mau kāleka. - nā kīʻaha polymer (1) - nā ʻeke pepa.
30 kiʻi - nā kīʻaha polymer (1) - nā ʻeke pepa.
40 pcs. - nā kīʻaha polymer (1) - nā ʻeke pepa.
50 pcs. - nā kīʻaha polymer (1) - nā ʻeke pepa.
100 pcs - nā kīʻaha polymer (1) - nā ʻeke pepa.

I ka wā e lawe ai i ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo kahi helu hoʻokahi he 600 mg.

ʻAe ʻia / i loko (e holo lohi a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia paha) 300-600 mg / lā.

Nā hopena hopena

Ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana iv, ka diplopia, ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana, nā hemorrhages pinpoint i nā membrane a me ka ʻili, hiki ke hana ʻia o ka platelet, me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, i hoʻonui ʻia i loko o ke kaomi intacranial.

I ka wā e lawelawe ʻia ai, hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona dyspeptic (e komo pū ana i ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka heartburn).

A lawe ʻia ma waena a i ʻole iv, kūlia kūloko (urticaria, anaphylactic shock), hypoglycemia.