Ciprofloxacin: nā ʻōlelo e hoʻohana ʻia ai > He hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke pale aku

ʻO nā papa Ciprofloxacin he māpana antibacterial o ka hui fluoroquinolone. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā bacteria i ʻike i ka mea ikaika o ka lāʻau.

Hōʻike dosis, hui

ʻO nā papa Ciprofloxacin i kālai ʻia i ke kiʻi me kahi kāwili enteric. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me kahi papa makamae. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka ciprofloxacin. ʻO konaʻike i loko o kahi papa hoʻokahi he 250 a 500 mg. Eia kekahi, ʻo kāna mea hoʻohui e komo i nā mea kōkua, aia ka:

Nā anhydrite colloidal silica.
ʻO Povidone.
Methylene chloride.
ʻO ka cellulose Microcrystalline.
ʻO ka lāʻau ʻo Magnesium.
Hoʻopau i ka waiʻai Isopropyl.
ʻO ka hydrylpropyl methylcellulose.
Kahina Talc.
ʻO Sodium starch glycolate.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā papa Ciprofloxacin i loko o kahi pūʻulu blister o 10 mau ʻāpana. Aia ka pahu kāleka i kahi 1 blister me nā papa, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana.

Hoʻolaha hopena

ʻO ka mea hana nui o nā papa ciprofloxacin i loko o nā mea hoʻohui i ka antibactial o ka hui fluoroquinolone. Loaʻa ia he hopena bactericidal, alakaʻi i ka make o nā maʻi pehu. Hana ʻia kēia hana ma ka kaohi ʻana i ka hana catalytic o ka bacteria cell enzyme DNA gyrase. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana i ka nānā (kānalua) o ka DNA a me ka make o ka pūpū maʻi. Loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka hana e kū pono ai i ka ikaika (hoʻokaʻawale ʻana) a me nā nui o nā maʻi baki. Loaʻa ia i ka hopena bactericidal i ka nui o ka nui o ka gram-positibo (staphylococci, streptococci) a me ka gram-negative (E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, Gonococcus) nā bakuna. Eia nō hoʻi, alakaʻi ka lāʻau i ka make o nā pōʻino kūikawā e pili ana i ka maʻi laʻa intracellular (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Legionella, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Chlamydia). ʻO ka hana o nā papa Ciprofloxacin e kū'ē i ka treponema pale (ʻo ka mea hoʻopiʻi kumu o nā syphilis) ke hoʻomau nei maopopo.

Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka papa ciprofloxacin i loko, ua hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia ka mea hana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a hāʻawi ʻia i ke aniani i nā ʻāpana, kahi i loaʻa ai ka hopena therapeutic.

Hōʻike ʻia nā papa Ciprofloxacin no ka etiotropic therapy (hana e pili ana i ka pepehi ʻana i kahi mea maʻi ʻomaʻomaʻi) o nā ʻano like ʻole i hōʻeha ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi i ka hana ikaika o ka lāʻau.

Ka lanakila o luna o ke ala lalo, ka lalo o ka hanu.
Hoʻopilikia i nā maʻi pālaʻi o nā pōʻino o nā kino ENT.
ʻO nā maʻi o nā hoʻonohonoho o ka pākīpī a me nā pōpoki.
Nā maʻi kikoʻī a me nā nonspecific ʻōpiopio.
Nā maʻi hōʻeha o ka hoʻopili ʻana, me ka niho a me nā ʻāʻī.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā hanana hoʻomāliʻi i loko o ka pīpī a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana hepatobiliary.
ʻO nā maʻi a me nā kaʻina purulent-inflammatory o ka ʻili, ka kiko subcutaneous a me nā pā palupalu o nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO nā kaʻina Purulent-inflammatory o nā hana o ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal, me nā osteomyelitis.
Sepsis (hōʻeha i ke koko maʻi pehu) a me ka peritonitis (kaʻeha hoʻonā i ka peritoneum).

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pale i nā kaʻina hoʻōki i nā poʻe maʻi me ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā hana o ka pale ʻana.

Nā Hoʻohui

ʻO nā papa nā Ciprofloxacin e hoʻohaunaele i ka wā hāpai i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka papa, i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wai maʻi (lactation), i nā keiki ma lalo o ka 18 makahiki o ka makahiki, a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaloka ʻana i ka ciprofloxacin a i ʻole nā luna inoa o ka hui fluoroquinolone. Ma mua o ka kuhikuhi ʻana i nā papa ciprofloxacin, mālama pono ke kauka ʻaʻohe ʻaʻohe contraindications.

Pono ʻia nā papa Ciprofloxacin no ka hoʻoponopono waha ma luna o kahi ʻōpū ʻole. Pailele lākou piha, ʻaʻole ʻōlulu ʻia a holoi ʻia me ka wai nui. Ka palena dosage a me ka dosage pili i ke ʻano a me ka paʻakikī o ke kaʻina hana. Ma ka papa hana unclplicated o nā kaʻina infectious, hoʻohana pinepine nā papa ciprofloxacin i kahi waihona o 250 mg 2 mau manawa i kahi lā. I ka hana paʻakikī a koʻikoʻi paha, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hōʻino ʻana i nā iwi, nā ʻōpū - 500 mg 2 mau manawa i ka lā. No nā poʻe maʻi maʻi, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kāʻei o kahi hōʻemi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hana hana o ke keiki, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka pehu ate. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ke ala o ka lapaʻau i nā lā 7-10 lā, me kahi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka hana infectious, hiki ke hoʻonui. I nā hapa nui, kau ke kauka i ka hoʻoponopono o ka noi, dosage a me ka lōʻihi o ka papa o ka lapaʻau ʻana no kēlā me kēia maʻi.

Nā hopena hopena

ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻana ma ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i nā papa ciprofloxacin, hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hopena pathological maikaʻi mai nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻōnaehana:

Pūnaehana digestive - nausea, ka hele pū ʻana me kēlā me kēia waʻa, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻeha ma ka ʻōpū, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka colitis pseudomembranous.
Pūnaehana wahī - ʻeha, hōʻeha i nā manawa like ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana, ka ʻeha ʻana, nā ʻano hiamoe like ʻole, ka helehelena o nā pō, nāwaliwali, nā hopohopo ʻike, auditory a i ʻole nā hoʻokolohua ʻike.
Pūnaehana Cardiovascular - hoʻonui i ka nui o ka puʻuwai (tachycardia) me ka hoʻohālikelike o ka ritika (arrhythmia), i ka hoʻemi ʻia o ke koko ʻōpiopio (arterial hypotension).
Pūnaehana urinary - ka hana hewa ʻana o ka uritation excretion (dysuria, mālama i ka urinary), ka hiʻohiʻona o nā kristalima (crystalluria), ke koko (hematuria) a me ka protein (albuminuria) i ka urine, nā hana maʻi i loko o nā aʻalā (glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis).
ʻO ka koko a me ka ʻula o ke iwi - he hōʻemi i ka helu o leukocytes (leukopenia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), neutrophils (neutropenia) i loko o ke koko, kahi hoʻonui i ka nui o nā eosinophils (eosinophilia).
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal - ʻeha paʻa (arthralgia), i hoʻemi ʻia i ka ikaika o nā ke aho a me nā tendons o nā papa hoʻonohonoho o ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal, i hui pū ʻia e kahi kaʻina a me nā hamal pathological.
Nā hōʻailona o ka lab Laboratory - ka nui o ka neʻe o ka creatinine, ʻUrea i loko o ke koko, ke hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka hana o nā kinemona transaminaseʻenehana (ALT, AST).
ʻO ka ʻili a me kāna mau haʻalili - ka ulu ʻana o photosensitivity (hoʻonui i ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka ʻula).
He maʻi kūloko - ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻili, hōʻeha, nā loli ʻano like me ka puhi ʻōpala (urticaria), ka huhū nui o nā kiko palalike o ka helehelena a me ke ʻano o ka piliona (angioedema, Edincke's edema), nā ʻili o ka ʻilirotrotic (Stevens-Johnson, Lyell syndrome).

Inā loaʻa nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hopena pathological i ka wā e lawe nei i nā papa Ciprofloxacin, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻa i kahi loea lapaʻau.

Lapaʻau

Mālama i ka DNA gyrase bakalula (topoisomerases II a me IV, kuleana no ke kaʻina hana o ka supercoiling o ka chromosomal DNA a puni ke kaua RNA, pono pono no ka heluhelu ʻana i ka ʻike kikoʻī), hoʻonāukiuki i ka synthesis DNA, ulu a me ka hoʻokaʻawale o nā maʻi, nā kumu hoʻopiʻi i ka loli morphological (me ka pā o cell a me nā membranes) a me ka make wikiwiki o ka huina maʻi.

Hana ia i ka bactericidal ma kā ka microorganisms maikaʻi loa i ka wā dormancy a me ka hoʻokaʻawale (no ka mea e pili wale ana ʻaʻole i ka gyrase DNA, akā pili pū kekahi i ka pā lysis pā), a hana i nā microorganism gram-maikaʻi wale nō i ka wā hoʻoilina.

Ua wehewehe ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi o ka maʻi macroorganism e ka nele o ka DNA gyrase i loko o lākou. E kū'ē i ka kūmole o ciprofloxacin, ʻaʻohe palala e kū'ē i ke kū'ē i nā lāʻau ʻenehana antibakialia ʻaʻole i pili i ka hui o ke kōkōlani DNA gyrase, ka mea hoʻokūkū nui loa ia e kū'ē i nā maʻi kūʻē, no ka laʻana, i ka aminoglycosides, penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines.

Kākoʻo i loko o vitro He pinepine ka ciprofloxacin e nā wahi mutings o ka topoisomerases bacterial a me ka gyrase DNA a hoʻomōhala pinepine nei ma waena o nā mutation multistage.

Hiki i ke kūleʻa hoʻokahi mau hoʻoemi i ka hoʻonaninani ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pale kūpaʻa o ka lāʻau, akā, ʻo ka nui o ka mutations ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pale kūpaʻa o ciprofloxacin a me ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka lāʻau quinolone

ʻO ke pale aku i ciprofloxacin, me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano he nui, e hiki ke hana ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke kaila o ka pā o nā pakanā o ka maʻi bacterial (e like me ka mea maʻamau Pseudomonas aeruginosa) a / a i ʻole e hana i ka excretion mai i kahi pūnaewele microbial (efflux). Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pale aku ma muli o kahi code cod localized on plasmids Qnr. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā hana kūʻē e alakaʻi ai i ka hana ʻole o nā penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, a me tetracyclines i ʻole ke hoʻopilikia nei i ka hana antibacterial o ciprofloxacin. ʻO nā microroorganism e kū'ē i kēia mau lāʻau hiki ke nānā i ka ciprofloxacin.

ʻO ka maʻa iki loa o ka bacteria bactericidal (MBC) ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ka minamina o ka inhibitory concentration (MIC) ma mua o 2 mau manawa.

Aia ma lalo iho nā mana kiʻi e hiki ai ke hoʻāʻo ʻia ka ciprofloxacin, i ʻae ʻia e ke Komite ʻEulopa no ka ʻImi ʻana o Sensitivity i nā ʻenehana Antibacterial (ʻUkanaʻohana) Hāʻawi ʻia nā waiwai palena MIC (mg / l) ma lalo o nā kūlana klinika no ka ciprofloxacin: ʻo ke kiʻi mua no nā microorganism pili i ka ciprofloxacin, ʻo ka lua no nā mea kūleʻa.

- Enterobacteriaceae ≤0,5, >1.

- Pseudomonas spp. ≤0,5, >1.

- Acinetobacter spp. ≤1, >1.

- Staphylococcus 1 spp. ≤1, >1.

- Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 2.

- Haemophilus influenzae a Moraxella catarrhalis 3 ≤0,5, >0,5.

- Neisseria gonorrhoeae a Neisseria meningitidis ≤0,03, >0,06.

- He helu pili ʻole e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā microorganisms 4 ≤0.5,> 1.

1 Staphylococcus spp .: nā palena palena no ka ciprofloxacin a me ka ofloxacin e pili ana me ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe.

2 Pnoloniae pnukonia: ʻōpio ʻano S. pneumoniae ʻAʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka ciprofloxacin a, no laila, e pili ana i ka māhele o nā microorganisms me ka naʻau waena waena.

3 Hiki i nā kūloko me ka waiwai o ka MIC ma luna o ka pākuʻina o ka paepae i ʻole / aʻeha i ka ʻike, a hiki i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe loiloi o lākou. Pono e hoʻokuʻi ʻia nā hoʻokolohua no ka ʻike a me ka naʻau antimicrobial i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kolana like ʻole, a pono ke hōʻoia ʻia nā hopena ma ka nānā ʻana i nā koloni ma ka papa hana ʻona. A hiki i kahi hōʻike no kahi pane haukapila e loaʻa ai nā koikoi me ka waiwai o ka MIC i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua o ka paepae pale ʻana i kēia manawa, pono lākou e kū ʻia. Haemophilus spp./Moraxella spp .: hiki ke hoʻomaopopo H. influenzae me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka fluoroquinolones (MIC no ciprofloxacin - 0.125-0.5 mg / l). Loaʻa ʻo nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi o ka lāʻau koʻikoʻi o ka pale haʻahaʻa i nā maʻi o ka hanu ma o H. influenzaeʻaʻoleʻa.

4 Kuhi ka mea ʻike ʻole i pili ʻole i nā ʻano o nā microorganisms ma ka kumu o pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics a ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻoili ʻana o MIC no nā ʻano kūikawā. Ua pili kēlā i nā holoholona i mea ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia kahi paepae o nā ʻano spesies, a ʻaʻole i nā ʻano lāʻau i hōʻike ʻia ʻole ʻia kahi hōʻike hoʻonaninani. No kekahi mau pilikia, laha ka loli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pale e nā ʻona ʻāina a i ka manawa o ke ʻano. Ma kēia mea, makemake ʻia i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka pale ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi.

ʻO kēia ka ʻikepili nei mai ka Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI), hoʻonohonoho i nā kūlana hoʻohuli no ka waiwai o MIC (mg / L) a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka diffusion (zone diameter, mm) e hoʻohana ana i nā disc i loaʻa 5 μg ciprofloxacin. Ma kēia mau kūlana, ua helu ʻia nā microorganisms ma ka naʻau, ʻano paʻa a kū ʻole.

- MIC 1: naʻauao - 4.

- Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻa 2: ʻiliʻili -> 21, waena - 16-20, kūleʻa - nā maʻi ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole no ka ʻohana Enterobacteriaceae

- MIC 1: naʻauao - 4.

- Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike 2: naʻauao -> 21, waena - 16-20, kū kū - - 1: naʻauao - 4.

- Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. 2: paʻakikī -> 21, waena - 16-20, kū kū - 3: mahele - 4: pili - - 21, waena, - -, kūlohelohe - -.

- MIC 5: paʻakikī - 1.

- Hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka 7: ʻiliʻiwa -> 35, waena - 33-34, kū kūʻokoʻa - 1: ʻano - 3SAMNV), e hoʻohui ʻia me ka ea i kahi mahana o (35 ± 2) ° C no ka 16-20 h no nā koi Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosanā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole no ka ʻohana Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. a Bacillus anthracis, 20-24 h no Acinetobacter spp., 24 h no Y. pestis (i ka hihia o ka ulu ʻana o ka liʻiliʻi, e hoʻolōʻihi i kahi mau hola 24).

2 E pili wale i ka hana hoʻohuli i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā discs e hoʻohana ana i ka Muller-Hinton agar (SAMNV), ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka lewa i kahi mahana o (35 ± 2) ° C no nā hola 16-18.

3 Kahi wale nō ka hana i hana ʻia i nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā discs e maopopo ai ka ʻike Haemophilus influenzae a Haemophilus parainfluenzae ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ule leʻa mīkini no Haemophilus spp. (NTM), e hoʻohui ʻia me ka ea i kahi mahana o (35 ± 2) ° C no 20-24 hola.

4 Hoʻokomo wale i ka hana hoʻohuli i ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā hoʻokolohua e hoʻohana ana i nā discs e hoʻohana ana i kahi kūlana hoʻokolohua NTMka mea i hoʻohui ʻia i 5% CO₂ i ke ana o (35 ± 2) ° C no nā hola 16-18

E pili wale i ke ana o ka hano hana i hoʻololi i nā hoʻokolohua (diffusion test e hoʻohana ana i nā disc no nā ʻona a me ke ala lako no MIC) e hoʻohana ana i ka gonococcal agar a me ka 1% kūlike e ulu ana i kahi mahana o (36 ± 1) ° C (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 37 ° C) o 5 % CO₂ i loko o 20-24 hola

6 E pili wale i ka hana hoʻohuli no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka minamina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻūlele Mueller-Hinton a ʻoi ʻia ka cationic (SAMNV) me ka hoʻohui o 5% koko hipa, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 5% CO₂ i (35 ± 2) ° C no nā hola 20-25

Hoʻopili wale ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohuli i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hupa Muell-Hinton i hoʻoponopono ʻia (SAMNV) me ka hoʻohui o kahi kiko o ka ulu ʻana o 2% kūikawā, kahi i hoʻolako ʻia me ka lewa ma (35 ± 2) ° C no 48 mau hola.

I ka hoʻololiʻana o vitro e ciprofloxacin

No kekahi mau pilikia, laha ka loli ʻana i ka loaʻa mai e ka ʻona ʻāina a me ka manawa. Ma kēia mea, i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻa mau o kahi kānana, pono ia i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka pale ʻana, ʻoi aku ka mālama ʻana o nā maʻi ʻino. Inā kūlike ke kūloko o ke kūloko i kēlā me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ciprofloxacin no ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā ʻano maʻi he kānalua, e kipa i kahi loea. In vitro Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hana o ciprofloxacin e pili ana i nā hana kūlohelohe o nā microorganism.

Aerobic gram-microorganisms maikaʻi - Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive) Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus spp.

Aerobic gram-microorganisms maikaʻi - Aeromonas spp., Moraxella catarrhal is, Brucella spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Citrobacter koseri, Pasteurella spp., Francisella tularensis, Salmonella spp., Haemophilus ducreyi, Shigella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Vibo..

Anaerobic microorganisms - Mobiluncus spp.

Nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe - Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

He hōʻike ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka ciprofloxacin i hōʻike ʻia no nā microorganism e like me kēia: Acinetobacter baumanii, Burkholderia cepacia, Campylobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Morganeria ganorogroma fungis malaria ganeria ʻO nā ʻolopilo Pseudomonas, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Peptostreptococcus spp., Propionibacterium acnes.

Ua manaʻoʻia he kūlo maoli ka ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus aureus (keka kūpaʻa methicillin) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Actinomyces spp., Enteroccus faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticumanaerobic microorganisms (koe wale Mobiluncus spp., Peptostreptococus spp., Propionibacterium acnes).

Kapehu. Ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana iv o 200 mg o ciprofloxacin T_max he 60 min, C_max - 2.1 μg / ml, kamaʻilio me nā protein plasma - 20-40%. Me ka hoʻomalu iv, ʻo ka pharmacokinetics o ciprofloxacin i laina ka palaki a loaʻa i ka 400 mg.

Me ka hoʻōla iv 2 a i ʻole 3 mau manawa i ka lā, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me nā metabolites.

Ma hope o ka lawelawe waha, ciprofloxacin ke komo koke nei mai ka digestive tract, ʻoi loa i ka duodenum a me jejunum. Me ka_max i ka serum ua loaʻa ma hope o 1-2 mau hola a i ka wā e lawe ai ma ka waha 250, 500, 700 a me 1000 mg o ciprofloxacin 1,2, 2.4, 4.3 a me 5.4 μg / ml, kēlā me ia. Bioavailability kahi o 70-80%.

ʻĀina C_max a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o AUC i ka pānaʻi ʻana i ka nui. ʻO ka ʻai (ke kau ʻole ʻana i nā huahana paʻahana) e hoʻolohi ana i ka ʻike ʻana mai, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi ia C_max a bioavailability.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka conjunctiva no nā lā 7, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ciprofloxacin i loko o ke koko koko mai ka ʻōpū ʻole nui (C_max i loko o ke koko koko he like me 450 mau manawa ma mua o ka lawelawe waha i ka wai o 250 mg.

Kahele. Aia ka mea hana i ka pili o ke koko ma ka nui o nā ʻano non-ionized. Hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia ʻo Ciprofloxacin i loko o nā loko me nā wai o ke kino. V_{e d} i ke kino e 2-3 l / kg.

ʻO ke kau ʻana o nā palupalu i nā manawa he 2-12 mau manawa ma mua o ke kaila koko. Loaʻa nā hiona Therapeutic i ka lawaiʻa, tonsils, ate, gall bladder, bile, intestines, abdominal and pelvic organ (endometrium, fallopian tubes and ovaries, uterus), seminal fluid, prostate tissue, kidney and urinary organ, lung lung, bronchial hiʻona, ʻai iwi, ʻili, synovial fluid a me ka kartilage articular, ka maʻi peritoneal, ʻili. Ua komo ia i loko o ka wai o cerebrospinal ma kahi liʻiliʻi, kahi i kona neʻe ʻana i ka nāwaliwali o ka meninges o ka 6-10% o ia mea i loko o ke koko koko, a inā he maʻi ʻoi ʻia ʻo ia 14-37%. Kūʻai pū kekahi ʻo Ciprofloxacin i loko o ka pūnaka o ka maka, pleura, peritoneum, lymph, ma ka pleka. ʻO ke kauʻana o ciprofloxacin i loko o nā neutrophils koko he 2-7 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kaila koko.

Hāpai. ʻO ka Ciprofloxacin ka biotransformed i ke ake (15-30%). ʻEhā nā ciprofloxacin metabolites i nā hōʻemi haʻahaʻa i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ke koko - diethylcycrofloxacin (M1), sulfociprofloxacin (M2), oxociprofloxacin (M3), formylcycrofloxacin (M4), ʻekolu mau (M1 - M3) hōʻike i nā hana antibacterial. i loko o vitro Hoʻohālikelike i ka hana waikele nalidixic. Nā hana Antibacterial i loko o vitro ka metabolite M4, ke kau nei ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻokoʻa ia me ka hana a norfloxacin.

Leʻaleʻa. T_1/2 ʻO 3-6 mau hola, me CRF - a hiki i nā hola 12. Ua hoʻoulu ʻia ʻo ia e nā kuli ma ka kānalua filtration a me ka hilo ʻole ʻana (50-70%) a i loko o nā ʻano hana o ka metabolites (10%), ke koena ma ka ʻeha gastrointestinal. Ma kahi o 1% o ka hoʻokele lawelawe e hoʻopili ʻia ma ka bile. Ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana iv, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i loko o ka urine i ka manawa 2 mau manawa ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana he kokoke i 100 mau manawa iʻoi aku ma mua o ke kaila koko, ka mea nui aʻe o ka BMD no ka hapanui o nā maʻi maʻi urinary.

Hoʻolaha ʻo Renal - 3-5 ml / min / kg, holoʻokoʻa - 8-10 ml / min / kg.

I loko o ka hana ʻole a ka lolo (Cl creatinine> 20 ml / min), ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻopā ma ka ʻōpū, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka cumulation i loko o ke kino ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka metabolism ciprofloxacin a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana ma o ka ʻeha gastrointestinal.

E na keiki. I kahi haʻawina i nā keiki, nā waiwai o C_max a ʻo ʻAUC i ke kūʻokoʻa ʻana i ka makahiki. Ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka C_max a me AUC me ka hoʻokele olakino (ma kahi o 10 mg / kg 3 mau manawa i ka lā) ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia. I nā keiki 10 me ka sepsis koʻikoʻi ma lalo o 1 mau makahiki keu, ka waiwai o C_max ka huina he 6.1 mg / l (i waena mai 4.6 a 8.3 mg / l) ma hope o ka infusion e mau ana 1 ka hola ma kahi o ka 10 mg / kg, a i nā keiki keiki 1 a 5 mau makahiki - 7.2 mg / l (ka palena mai 4.7 a 11.8 mg / l). ʻO nā waiwai AUC i nā hui makahiki like 17,4 (i waena mai 11.8 a 32 mg · h / l) a me 16,5 mg · h / l (ka poʻe mai 11 a 23.8 mg · h / l). Pili ʻia kēia mau waiwai i ka pili i hōʻike ʻia no nā maʻi pākeke e hoʻohana ana i nā inika therapeutic o ciprofloxacin. Wahi a ka loiloi pharmacokinetic i nā keiki me nā maʻi like ʻole, ʻo ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo T_1/2 aneane 4-5 mau hola

Nā hiʻohiʻona noi

Ma mua o ka kuhikuhi ʻana i nā papa Ciprofloxacin, pono ke nānā pono i ke kauka i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka hōʻike.

Me ka nui o ka makaʻala, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau i nā mea maʻi me ka epilepsy concomitant, ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻomanawanui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano hua like ʻole, a me ke ʻano o ka loiloi o ka atherosclerotic o nā māla o ka lolo. I ka manawa like, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā papa ciprofloxacin no nā kumu olakino wale nō.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻomehana wā lōʻihi i ka wā o ka hopena me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke kumu no kahi noiʻi hou e kāpae i ka colitis pseudomembranous. Inā hōʻoia ka hōʻoia ʻana, hoʻopau koke ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Inā loaʻa ka ʻeha i nā uaua a i ʻole nā tendons, ua kāpae ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe maʻi maʻi, ka mea i pili ʻia me ka ʻoi nui o nā hiʻona pathological.
ʻAʻole ia e hana i ka hana kino nui i ka wā e lawe ana i nā papa ciprofloxacin.
Hāʻawi ʻia e pale i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka lā i ka lā i ka wā o ka papa o ka lāʻau me kēia lāʻau.
Ke lawe nei i nā papa Ciprofloxacin, pono ʻoe e hoʻopau i ka wai e hoʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka crystalluria.
ʻAʻohe o ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka waiʻona i ka wā o ka lapaʻau me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO ka hana nui o nā papa ciprofloxacin hiki ke hoʻopili pū me nā lāʻau lapaʻau o nā hui lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, no laila inā hoʻohana ʻia, e ao ʻia ke kauka hele mai e pili ana i kēia.
I ka wā o ka papa hana, pono e mālama ʻia ka mālama kūikawā i ka wā e hoʻokō ai i ka hana ʻoi loa e pono ai ka nui o ka nānā ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor.

I loko o ke kikowaena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, mālamaʻia nā papa ciprofloxacin. Ke kāpae nei lākou i kā lākou hoʻokele pono ʻole me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono, ʻoiai hiki i kēia ke hōʻeha i nā hopena olakino maikaʻi.

Ke keu

I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka nui o nā papa lāʻau i hāpai ʻia o nā papa ciprofloxacin, ʻālaʻi, ka luaʻi, ke poʻo, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka ʻeha, nā hōʻuluʻulu o ka ʻōpū, nā ahulau. I kēia hihia, ua holoi ʻia ka ʻōpū a me nā puʻu, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a e mālama ʻia nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka maʻi lapaʻau inā pono, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ʻano antidote kūikawā no kēia lāʻau.

Nā kuʻina o nā papa ciprofloxacin

Hoʻohālike i nā mea hoʻohui a me nā hopena therapeutic no nā tablet ciprofloxacin i hoʻomākaukau no ka Ecocifol, Ciprobay, Ciprinol, Ciprolet.

ʻO 2 mau makahiki mai ka lā i hana ai ka papa ola o nā papa ciprofloxacin. Pono ke mālama ʻia i loko o ka pū me ka pale ʻole, ma kahi wahi piha a maloʻo ka hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā keiki i ka mahana wela ʻole o ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o + 25 ° C.

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano a me ka ʻano

Loaʻa nā Ciprofloxacin i loko o kēia ʻano:

papa o 250, 500 a i ʻole 750 mg, pale ʻia ka ʻoniʻoni. ʻO nā papa kekona Biconvex o 250 mg he wahi ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka papale 500 mau capsule ʻano iki me ka popo uliuli a ke kīpī paha i kekahi ʻaoʻao. ʻO 750 mg mau papa kōnika i ʻulaʻulaʻula. Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka lāʻau i nā blisters (10 a i ʻole 20 mau papa) a i nā pahu pepa (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, a i ʻole 10 blisters i loko o kahi pā). Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā papa ciprofloxacin i loko o nā ʻeke pepa (30, 50, 60, 100, a i ʻole 120 mau ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia), kahi i ʻili pū ʻia i loko o nā pahu wai. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi pahu polyethylene ((10 a 20 paha papa), i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pahu pahu.
hoʻokomo no ka hoʻonāʻana no ka infusion 10 mg / ml. ʻAi ʻia ka waiū polū a ʻole i ka melemele-kāwele i uhi ʻia i nā momi hoʻowalewale o ke aniani o ka pulu o 10 ml. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā paʻi pepa (5 mau boka kēlā),
iaoeao no ka infusion 2 mg / ml. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā wai ʻalani a i ʻole nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻē aʻe i loko o nā haki wai 100 ml, i kālai ʻia i nā ʻeke palaka a me nā pahu pahu (1 ʻāpana i ka pahu),
pepeiao a me ka maka 0.3%. Ka ninini, ke aniani a ʻole i ka melemele ʻia i ninini ʻia i loko o nā pahu pīpī polū mākeke (5 ml i kēlā me kēia), ka mea i paʻa ʻia i loko o nā pahu pahu (1 būke i kēlā me kēia māka).

Aia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka papa pākuhi 1:

mea kūlohelohe: ciprofloxacin - 250, 500 a i ka 750 mg,
nā mea waiwai: kauā, microcrystalline cellulose, talc, magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 15 CPS, sodium starch glycolate, diethyl phthalate, titanium dioxide, yellow sun polish, blue diamond polish, carmoisine varnish.

ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o 1 pahu me ka neʻe i ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻonā ʻana no ka hoʻopihapiha e komo:

mea waiwai: ciprofloxacin - 100 mg,
nā mea waiwai: disodium edetate dihydrate, lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, ka wai no ka injection.

ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o 100 ml o ka hoʻonā no ka hoʻopili e komo:

mea waiwai: ciprofloxacin - 200 mg,
nā mea waiwai: disodium edetate, sodium klorida, wai no ka ʻoki ʻana.

ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o 1 ml o ka pepeiao a me ka maka e komo ai:

mea waiwai: ciprofloxacin - 3 mg,
nā mea waiwai: mannitol, sodium acetate trihydrate, benzalkonium chloride, disodium edetate dihydrate, glacial acetic acid, nā wai maʻemaʻe.

Nā papa hana, kāwili, ka hopena no ka hoʻopuʻe

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ciprofloxacin e mālama i ka hoʻopulapula ʻana a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻana ma o nā microorganism i mālama ʻia i ka mea ikaika.

Nā maʻi maʻi o ka ʻalihi, ka pneumonia i hoʻoiho ʻia e Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Haemophilus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis,.
nā hana a nā sinuses (ma ka helu, sinusitis) a me ka pepeiao waena (no ka laʻana, ka pākē otitis), inā he nui kēia mau maʻi i kā nā microorganism gram-hewa, me ka Staphylococcus spp. a ʻo Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
maka kuʻi manuʻa (koe wale nō nā papa).
nā maʻi urinary a me nā maʻi pūpū
ʻoi aku ke ʻano o ke kino, me ka gonorrhea, prostatitis, adnexitis,
nā maʻi maʻi pehu o ka ʻōpū ʻeha (ka maʻi o ka tractary tract, gastrointestinal tract, peritonitis),
sepsis
ʻo nā ʻūpū palupalu a me nā maʻi ʻokoʻa (koe wale nō nā papa),
ka pale ʻana o nā maʻi a i ʻole nā maʻi i nā maʻi me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kanoʻi (nā mea maʻi me neutropenia a i nā mea maʻi i lawe i ka immunosuppressants),
ka mālama ʻana i ka decontamination selinal selous i nā mea maʻi me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ke kaoʻi ʻana,
ka hana ʻana a me ka pale ʻana o ka anthrax pulmonary i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Bacillus anthracis (koe wale nō nā papa).

Holo a ka pepeiao a me ka maka

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka kolo ʻana i ka maka ma ka ophthalmology, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i kēlā mau maʻi a me ka ʻeha.

subacute
lolipuhoi
huakai
keratoconjunctivitis,
keratitis
dacryocystitis mauola
ulia pōpoki bakery,
hopohopo hopohopo ma hope o nā kino haole a me nā hōʻeha paha,
meibomite (palaoa).

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka maka i ka hana ophthalmic, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka pale mua a me ka postoperative o nā hōʻeha hōʻeha.

Ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā pepeiao pepeiao i otorhinolaryngology:

ka mālama ʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi postoperative,
otitis externa.

250, 500 a i ʻole 750 papa papa

Hoʻohana waha ʻia ka lāʻau - ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole, me ka nui o ka wai. Koho ʻia ka dosage ma muli o ka nui o ka maʻi o ka maʻi, ke ʻano o ke kino, ʻano o ka maʻi o ke ʻano, ke kaumaha, ka hana a me nā makahiki o ka mea maʻi. Hoʻololi pono ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻānā:

no nā maʻi ʻole unplplicated o ka maʻi urinary a me nā pēpē - 250 mg 2 mau manawa i ka lā, a no nā maʻi paʻakikī - 500 mg,
me nā maʻi o ka hanu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - 2 mau manawa i ka lā, 250 mg, a no ka maʻi nui - 500 mg,
me ka gonorrhea - hoʻokahi 250-500 mg,
me nā maʻi gynecological, colitis a me ka enteritis (puka koʻikoʻi, ke ala kiʻekiʻe), osteomyelitis, prostatitis - 2 mau manawa i ka lā, 500 mg kēlā me kēia. Me ka huehue banal, ʻoi aku ia e lawe i 250 mg o ka lāʻau lapaʻau 2 mau manawa i kahi lā.

Koho ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana ma muli o ka nui o ka maʻi, akā nō naʻe, e hoʻomau mau ʻia ka lāʻau no ka liʻiliʻi o 2 mau lā ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o nā hōʻailona. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ka mālamaʻana he 7-10 lā.

ʻO ka hopena no ka infusion 2 mg / ml

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau. Pono ka lōlō ʻana i ka infusion e hele lūlū ʻia i loko o kahi vein nui e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hoʻopiʻi ma ka pūnaewele o ka infusion. Hoʻolālā wale ʻia ka mea nō ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia ai a i hui pū paha me nā hopena infusion kūpono (Ringer's solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 10% a i ʻole 5% dextrose solution, 10% vahaolana fructose, 5% solution dextrose, 0.225 a i ʻole 0.45 sodium chloride solution) %).

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka infusion ma kahi mau manawa 200 mg ʻo 30 mau minuke, ma kahi o ka 400 mg - 60 mau minuke. ʻO ka pinepine o ka hoʻokele e pili ana i 2-3 mau lā i ka lā.

Aia ke lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana ma ke papa lāʻau, hōʻeha a me ka hoʻōla o nā maʻi. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi mau lā 3 ma hope o ka pau ʻana i nā hōʻailona lapaʻau.

Ka lōʻihi waena o ka mālama ʻana:

me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā maʻi gonorrhea maʻamau - 1 lā,
me nā maʻi o ka pūpū, nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ke kahawai o ka urinary - a hiki i 7 lā,
me ka nāwaliwali nāwaliwali - ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o neutropenia,
me osteomyelitis - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 60 mau lā,
me Chlamydia spp. a i ʻole Streptococcus spp. nā maʻiʻeha - ka liʻiliʻi ma 10 mau lā,
me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe - 7-14 lā.

Koho ʻia ka nui o ka lāʻau no ke ʻano o nā maʻi.

me nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū hanu - 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā, 400 mg kēlā me kēia
i nā hopena pili ʻole o ka genitourinary system - 2 mau manawa i ka lā, 200 a 400 mg paha,
me nā hopena paʻakikī o ka ʻōnaehana genitourinary - 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā, 400 mg kēlā me kēia.
me ka prostatitis, adnexitis, orchitis, epididymitis - 2-3 mau lā i ka lā, 400 mg kēlā me kēia, pākahi.
me ka maʻi ʻaʻa - 2 mau manawa i kēlā lā, 400 mg kēlā me kēia.
me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe - 2 mau manawa i ka lā, 400 mg kēlā me kēia
i ka nui o ka maʻi ʻeha hoʻoweliweli o ka ola (ma mua o Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp.), ʻoiai, ʻo ka ʻōpio i hana ʻia e Streptococcus spp., me nā maʻi maʻamau me ka fibrosis cystic o nā pūpū, ka maʻi o nā pūnao a me nā iwi, me ka septicemia, peritonitis - 3 mau manawa i ka lā, 400 mg kēlā me kēia.
i ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana i ka anthrax pulmonary - 2 mau manawa i ka lā, 400 mg.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hoʻonā ʻana i ka infusion solution

Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kiko o 1 vial o ka neʻe i ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi o 50 ml me kahi kūpono o ka infusion solution (Ringer's solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 10% a i ʻole 5% vahaolana dextrose, 10% kūmole fructose, 5% hopena o ka dextrose) , kahi hoʻonā o ka sodium chloride 0.225 a i 0.45%).

Pono e hoʻohana koke ʻia ka mea hoʻonā ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka ciprofloxacin i ka mālamalama, me ka mālama i kona sterility. No laila, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka pahu hoka mai ka pahu i mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Ma ka hanana kūpono o ka lā maka, ua hōʻoia ʻia ka hoʻonā e hoʻomau ʻia no 3 mau lā. Ke mālama nei i ka hoʻonā i ka wai haʻahaʻa, hiki i kahi fīnī ka mana, e hoʻohemo ai i ka pākaha o ke keʻena, no laila ʻaʻole pono ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hopena infusion a mālama ʻia paha i loko o ka friji. Hoʻohana i kahi kūʻoluʻolu maʻalahi.

Inā ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka hoʻokūkū ʻana a me nā hopena hou aku o ka infusion / hoʻomākaukau no ka ciprofloxacin e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Nā ʻike hōʻino o ka hiki ʻole.ʻAʻohe kūpono nā lāʻau lapaʻau me nā hopena āpau e kūleʻa a paʻa ʻole paha i ka pH mai 3.9 a hiki i ka 4.5 (no ka laʻana, nā hopena o ka heparin, penicillins), a me nā hopena e hoʻololi i ka pH i ka ʻaoʻao alkaline.

Makemake nā maka a me ka pepeiao

nā hopena kūlohelohe
kuni ana
pohuo
ka maʻi hyperemia a me ka leʻaleʻa i ka conjunctiva i ʻole ma ka ʻāina o ke membrane tympanic a me nā luʻi auditory o waho.
ninini
photophobia
ka ʻōpū ʻana o nā maka,
ʻike kino ʻē aʻe i ka maka,
lakalaka
ma hope koke o ka instillation - he nānā maikaʻi ʻole ma ka waha waha.
i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka ulia corneal - ke aniani keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo;
ka hoemi ana ike aniani,
keratopathy
keratitis
infiltration corneal a me ke ʻano o nā wahi kouka
hoʻomohala ʻana o ka superinfection.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī

ʻAʻole kōkua ʻia ʻo Ciprofloxacin no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi i hōʻeuʻeu ʻia e Streptococcus pneumoniae, no ka mea ʻaʻole i kū pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka pathogen. Ma ka mea o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, ma mua o ke kuhikuhi ʻana iā Ciprofloxacin, pono ʻoe e ʻāpono i ia he maikaʻi no ke kūwili ʻana o nā microorganisms kūpono.

I ka wā lōʻihi o ka lāʻau me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻāʻo ʻia ka loiloi maʻamau ākea o ke koko, ʻāʻā a me nā hana o ke keiki.

I ka hihia o ka hoʻokele intravenous ka manawa ciprofloxacin a me nā mea hoʻohana mai ka hui o nā derivatives acid barbituric i hoʻohana ʻia no ka anesthesia aoao, pono ia e kiaʻi pono i ke kahe o ke koko, ka puʻuwai o ka puʻuwai, a me kahi electrocardiogram.

No ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka crystalluria, ʻaʻole ia e kiʻi i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻia. Pono ia e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana o ka hopena acid i ka urine a me ka hoʻokomo o kahi mea lawa o ka wai o ka lawa.

Aia ka hopena o ka hoʻouluʻana i ka hopena o ka noʻonoʻo e like me ka hopena o ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o ciprofloxacin. Ma nā hanana lohi, hiki i nā hanana psychotic a depression paha ke holomua i nā manaʻo suicidal a me ka hana hōʻino pilikino (no ka laʻana, he hopena ʻole a kūleʻa ʻo ia ka hoʻāʻo me ka pepehi ʻana). I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e kāpae i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a nīnau aku i kahi kauka. ʻO ka poʻe maʻi me ka mōʻaukala o ka piʻi a me ka mōʻaukala o ka epilepsy, hōʻeha o ka lolo kino, a me nā maʻi vascular ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena ʻino, pono ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā ciprofloxacin no nā kumu olakino.

ʻO Ciprofloxacin, e like me nā fluoroquinolones ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka paepae no ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana a me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki. Inā hele lākou, pono ʻoe e kāpae i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau.

Ma ka mālama ʻana i nā mea maʻi e lawe ana i ka fluoroquinolones (me ka ciprofloxacin), ua hōʻike ʻia nā hihia o sensorimotor a i ʻole polyneuropathy sensory, dysesthesia, hypesthesia, a me nā nāwaliwali. I kahi hihia o nā hōʻailona e like me ka puhi ʻana, ka ʻeha, ka hōʻeha ʻana, ka tingling, nāwaliwali, pono e hoʻōho ka mea maʻi e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a nīnau aku i kahi kauka.

I ka hoʻohanaʻana o ciprofloxacin, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kūlana epileptic.

Inā lōʻihi, hiki ke hōʻeha ka maʻi a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka maʻi o ka colitis pseudomembranous, pono e hoʻokuʻu koke i ka lāʻau a me ke koho ʻana i kahi kūpono kūpono.

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me Ciprofloxacin, ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka ola hoʻoweliweli a me ke ake ʻana o ka ʻili a me nā ʻānīpī ipo. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi o ka ate (anorexia, urineʻeleʻele, jaundice, hōʻeha o ka ʻōpū, hōʻeha), pono ʻoe e ʻoki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau.

I nā mea maʻi i loaʻa nā maʻi o ka ate a ke lawe nei i ka ciprofloxacin, kahi hana o ka phosphatase alkaline, he nui ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka transaminases me ka jaundice cholestatic paha. ʻO ka poʻe maʻi e hōʻeha nei i nā gravis myasthenia gravis e pono e kuhikuhi i ka ciprofloxacin me ka mālama, no ka mea, ʻoi aku paha ka palupalu.

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono ia e pale i ka hiki ʻana i ka lā maka, me nā kumu ʻē aʻe o ka radiation ultraviolet.

Ke lawe nei iā Ciprofloxacin i loko o nā lā 2 mua ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻola ʻana, aia nā hihia o ka tendonitis, a me ka tendon tendon (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka tendon Achilles, me ka bilateral) hoʻi. ʻO ka mumū a me nā hiwahiwa o nā tendons ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia pū me kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ke ʻano maʻi. I nā poʻe maʻi ʻelemakule, i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi tendon e loaʻa ana i ka mālama concomitant me ka glucocorticosteroids, i nui ka loaʻa o ka tendinopathy. Ma ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona mua o ka tendonitis (ʻehaʻeha, hōʻeha ʻeha i ka hui pū ʻana), pono e hooki ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o Ciprofloxacin, ʻoiai ke kaawale ʻana i ka hana kino, no ka mea aia he ʻeha o ka hoʻāliʻi tendon. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau pono me ka mālama ʻana no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea maʻi me nā maʻi tendon e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o quinolones.

Ma ka hihia o ka hōʻeha kino o nā maʻi maʻi, nā maʻi i mālama ʻia e nā maʻi anaerobic, a me nā maʻi staphylococcal, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka ciprofloxacin i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono. No nā maʻi i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā neʻe ʻana o nā maʻi o neia fluoroquinolone o Neisseria gonorrhoeae, e ʻike pono i ka ʻikepili kūloko i ka pale ʻana i ka hana ikaika a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka pathogen i hōʻoia ʻia i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua.

Hoʻokomo ka Ciprofloxacin i ka hoʻonui i ka kikowaena QT. Hāʻawi ʻia i nā manawa a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa QT i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā kāne. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonāukiuki i kahi QT lōʻihi. Hōʻike pū ʻia nā maʻi maʻi e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i mea e hoʻolōʻihi i ka kikowaena QT. I ka pilina me nā mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, pono e hoʻohana i ciprofloxacin me ka akahele ʻana i kēia mau hihia:

me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻolalelale ana i ka manawa QT (no ka laʻana, ka lāʻau antiarrhythmic o nā papa III a IA, nā antidepresants tricyclic, antipsychotics a me macrolides),
i ka mālamaʻana i nā mea maʻi me ka nui o ka hiki ʻana i nā arrhythmias e like me ka pirouette a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena QT (no ka laʻana, me ka syndrome congenital e hoʻolōʻihi i ka interval QT, kahi kīnā ʻole paʻa o nā electrolytes, me ka hypomagnesemia a me hypokalemia).
me kekahi mau maʻi puʻuwai i nā maʻi me ka hōʻeha o ka naʻau, bradycardia, myocardial infarction).

Ma hope o ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o ciprofloxacin, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia lohi o ka anaphylactic reaction, me ka haʻalulu anaphylactic. Pono kēia e hoʻolōʻihi i ka lāʻau a me ka mālama kūpono.

Me ka hoʻokele intravenous o ka hoʻonā, hiki i nā ʻōmole kūloko ma ke kahua i ʻōlelo ʻia (hōʻeha, ʻeha). Hoʻopau hou kēia ʻano hopena inā ʻaʻole i emi iki ka lōʻihi o ka infusion ma mua o 30 mau minuke. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka infusion, hele koke ka hopena, me ka ʻole o ka contraindication no ke alakaʻi hou ʻana o Ciprofloxacin (inā ʻaʻole hele pū me kahi papa paʻakikī).

ʻO Ciprofloxacin kahi mea hoʻomalu kino o ka isoenzyme CYP450 1A2, no laila, e makaʻala ʻia e hoʻohana pū ʻia inā hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā lāʻau hoʻoneʻeneʻa e kēia enzyme (me ka methylxanthin, theophylline, endxetine, caffeine, ropinirole, clozapine, olanzapine) nā kūlike pili hewa.

Ma ka hana kikowaena i nā hoʻāʻo a vitro, ciprofloxacin pale i ka ulu o Mycobacterium spp. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i kahi hopena maikaʻiʻole i ka hopena o ka pathogen i loko o nā mea maʻi e kuhikuhi ana i ka ciprofloxacin.

Me ka nele o ka dehydrogenase glucose-6-phosphate, ua nānā ka hopena hemolytic i nā mea maʻi e loaʻa ana i ka lāʻau. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ciprofloxacin no ka mālama ʻana i kēia mahele ke hiki wale nō me nā pono kūpono e oi aku i ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia. I kēia hihia, pono e hōʻoia pono i ka nānā ʻana i ka mea maʻi.

Ke mālama nei i ka poʻe maʻi me ka hoʻokahe sodium (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka naʻau, ka naʻau ʻole, nephrotic syndrome), pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka nānā ʻana o ka sodium chloride e loaʻa ana i ka Ciprofloxacin.

ʻAʻole kuhi ʻia nā maka o ka maka no ka ʻōlelo intraocular. I ka hihia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻomākaukau ophthalmic ʻē aʻe, pono e nānā ʻia ka manawa o ka hoʻokele 5 mau minuke a iʻoi aku paha. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ciprofloxacin inā aia nā hōʻailona o ka hypersensitivity. Pono e ʻike ʻia ka mea maʻi ma ka hihia, e ulu paha ka hyperemia conjunctival (i kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻimi i ke ʻano o kahi kauka). I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me ka huluhulu Ciprofloxacin, pono ia e hōʻole i ke kāʻei ʻia i nā līlū hōʻoluʻolu. I ka hihia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā luhi pili ikaika ma mua o ka instillation, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a kau hou i loko o nā minuke 20 wale nō ma hope o ka instillation o ka lāʻau.

ʻŌpū a me ka lactation

I ka wā hāpai, pāpā ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

No ka mea ke hele a ciprofloxacin i loko o ka waiū umauma, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mālama ʻana o nā makuahine hānai. Inā pono, ʻo ke koho ʻana o ciprofloxacin i ka wā lactation ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka umauma.

Hoʻohana i ke wā kamaliʻi

ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i nā hōʻeha i nā keiki ma lalo o 18 makahiki, koe wale nō no nā maʻi aʻe:

no ka mālamaʻana i nā maʻi me ka fibrosis cystic - 3 mau lā i ka lā 10 mg no 1 kg o ke kino o ke kino (nui ka nui o ka lāʻau i ka 400 mg),
no ka mālamaʻana i ka anthrax pulmonary - 2 mau manawa i ka lā 10 mg no 1 kg o ka paona o ke kino (ʻoi loa ka nui o ka lāʻau ua 400 mg). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka mālamaʻana o ka ciprofloxacin therapy.

E hoʻomaka koke ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻoia a i ʻole ka hōʻoia. I ka pilina me ka pilikia o nā hana kīnā ʻole o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻili e hoʻopuni ai, pono e alakaʻi ʻia e ka lāʻau kauka e loaʻa ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi loa i nā keiki. Pono ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o ka loiloi ʻana i ka māhele o ka hopena a me ka pōmaikaʻi.

Ke hoʻohana nei i ciprofloxacin i nā keiki, ua hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka arthropathy.

Me ka hana pūnāwai paʻa ʻole

ʻO nā maʻi me ka maʻi hōʻeha kino e kuhikuhi ʻia i kahi hapalua o ka lāʻau.

I ka wa e lawe waha aku ai, ʻo ke ʻano o ke ciprofloxacin e like me kēia:

me ka hana maoli me kahi mea nui ma mua o 50 ml / min, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻoponopono palena maʻamau.
me ka wehe ʻana o creinine o 30-50 ml / min - kēlā me kēia hola 12, 250-500 mg pākahi, kēlā me kēia.
me ka wehe ʻana o ka creatinine i ka 529 ml / min - kēlā me kēia mau hola 18, 250-500 mg pākahi, kēlā me kēia.
no nā mea maʻi e lawe ana i ka dialysis peritoneal, ma hope o ke kaʻina hana, 250-500 mg i kēlā me kēia 24 hola.

Me ka hoʻokele intravenous, ʻo kēia ka nui o ke ciprofloxacin e like me kēia:

me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka renal mod ole (CC 30-60 ml / min / 1.73 m 2) a i ʻole me kahi mea hana hoʻonaninani i ka plasma koko i loko o ka palena o 1.4-1.9 mg / 100 ml, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka lā i kēlā me kēia lā 800 mg.
i ka hana nui o ka renal (CC a hiki i 30 ml / min / 1.73 m 2) a i ʻole me kahi kaomi mana i loko o ke koko koko o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mg / 100 ml, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka lā o ka lāʻau i ka 400 mg.

No ka mea maʻi i ka hemodialysis, me ka hoʻokele intravenous, like ka pākana. ʻO Ciprofloxacin me ka dialysate e mālama ʻia i ka intraperitoneally ma kahi nui o 50 mg no ka 1 pā o ka dialysate. Kūpono - kēlā me kēia 6 mau hola 4 i ka lā.

Hoʻohui nūhou

ʻO ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me ka phenytoin hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi a hoʻonui paha paha i ka hoʻoilo ʻana o nā mea hope i loko o ka plasma koko, no laila e hāʻawi ʻia e nānā i ka neʻe o nā lāʻau pili. Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka hana o nā kaʻina hoʻomehana microsomal i nā hepatocytes, hoʻonui ka lāʻau i ka hapalua-ola a hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka theophylline a me nā xanthines (e like me ka caffeine).

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā mea hana olakino i ka hoʻohana like ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau piha o ka Coverocoin a me Ciprofloxacin e 22% e hōʻemi ana i ka pau ʻana o ka Coverocaine i ka wā i hoʻolako ʻia. ʻOiai inā hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa ka lidocaine, ʻo ka lawelawe pū me ciprofloxacin e hoʻonui i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Ma ka hopena o ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o ciprofloxacin me nā lāʻau hypoglycemic oral (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka ʻaina sulfonylurea, no ka laʻana, glimepiride, glibenclamide), hiki ke hoʻonui hou ʻia ka hopena o ka hope.

ʻO ka hoʻokō i loko o ka paʻakai ciprofloxacin a me nā kūlohelohe anticoagulants e hoʻonui i ka manawa prothrombin.

ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ciprofloxacin me nā lāʻau K antagonist (no ka laʻana, acenocoumarol, warfarin, fluindone, fenprocoumone) hiki ke hoʻoikaika i kā lākou hopena anticoagulant. Hoʻopili ʻia ka paʻakikī o kēia hopena e nā maʻi concomitant, ke ʻano maʻamau a me nā makahiki o ka mea maʻi, no laila ua paʻakikī ke nānā i ke ʻano o ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka INR. Ke hōʻike ʻia nei e mālama pono ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka INR i nā hihia hoʻohui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka vitamin K antagonist a me Ciprofloxacin, a no ka manawa pōkole ma hope o ka hopena o ka hopena hui.

Ke hui pū me nā ʻano antimicrobial (aminoglycosides, metronidazole, clindamycin, beta-lactam antibiotics), ʻike pinepine ʻia ka synergism. Hiki ke hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Ciprofloxacin e hui pū me ka ceftazidime a me ka azlocillin e mālama i nā maʻi i hoʻoiho ʻia e Pseudomonas spp. Ke hui pū me nā antibiotika beta-lactam (no ka laʻana, azlocillin a me meslocillin) hiki ke hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi streptococcal. Me nā vancomycin a me isoxazolylpenicillins, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ciprofloxacin no nā maʻi staph. ʻO ka lāʻau hui i hui pū me clindamycin a me metronidazole e kūpono i ka maʻi anaerobic.

Ke hoʻohana nei i ciprofloxacin me cyclosporine, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hopena nephrotoxic o ka hopena, a ʻike ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i loko o kahi serum creatinine. Ke mālama nei i kēlā me nā mea maʻi i nā manawa 2 i ka hebedoma, pono ia e nānā i ka hana renal.

Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory non-steroidal (ʻaʻole i waiho ka acetylsalicylic acid), hoʻonui ʻia ke kuʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ka lāʻau uricosuric a me ka ciprofloxacin e hoʻoiho ana i ka excretion (a hiki i 50%) a hoʻonui i ka plasma o ke kumu o ka hopena.

Hoʻonui ka Ciprofloxacin i nā manawa 7 i ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ka tizanidine (Cmax) i ka koko koko (ʻo ka ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kēia hōʻailona he 421 mau manawa) a hoʻonui ʻia e 10 mau wahi ma lalo o ka pae o ka manawa o ka kukuna pharmacokinetic (AUC range o 624 mau manawa). e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hiamoe a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko. No laila, ua hoʻohana aku i ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o nā lāʻau e pili ana i ka tizanidin me ciprofloxacin.

ʻO ka hopena infusion o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka hoʻohui ʻole ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā hopena infusion, kahi kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe i kahi ʻano acidic (ʻo ka pH o nā hopena ʻo Ciprofloxacin no ka infusion ʻo 3.9–4.5). Lā ʻia ke kāwili ʻana i ka hopena o ka iv me nā mea hoʻonā me ka pH ma luna aʻe 7. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ciprofloxacin a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻolalelale ana i ka kikowaena QT (tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotic drug, antiarrhythmic drug of III or IA kelas, macrolides), mālama ʻia.

ʻO ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o probenecid a me ciprofloxacin e alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻoilo o ka mea i ʻoi aku i loko o ke koko koko, no ka mea ua hoʻemi ka nui o ke kāpae ʻana i nā kauka.

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ka omeprazole a me ciprofloxacin, e emi iki ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ka plasma, a ʻo ka ʻōpū ma lalo o ke kālai "kukui - manawa" e emi nō hoʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me methotrexate hiki ke lohi i ka hoʻokaʻina o nā renal metabolism o ka hopena, i hele pū me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka neʻe i loko o ke koko koko a me ka hoʻonui nui aʻe o nā hopena o ka hopena o ka methotrexate. ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ciprofloxacin a me ka methotrexate i ka manawa like.

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana o nā inhibitor kahe o ka CYP450 1A2 isoenzyme (no ka laʻana, ka fluvoxamine) a me ka hopenaxetine, he piʻi nui o Cmax a me AUC o ka hopenaxetine hiki ke nānā. ʻOiai ka nele o nā ʻikepili i ka pili paha me ka hopenaxetine me ciprofloxacin, kahi pilina like ʻole paha inā hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka manawa like.

ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me ke ropinirole alakaʻi i kahi hoʻonui i AUC a me Cmax o nā mea hope e 84 a 60%, kekahi. Noʻo ia ke nānā aku i nā hopena pili o ropinirole i ka wā i hoʻohana pū ʻia me ciprofloxacin, a no ka manawa pōkole ma hope o ka hopena o ka hopena hui.

ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ciprofloxacin (250 mg no nā lā 7) a ʻo ka clozapine e hōʻeha i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻoukaʻana i ka serum o ka hopena o ka hope a me N-desmethylclozapine e 29 a 31%, kekahi. Pono e hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau kohu ʻo ka maʻa i hoʻohana ʻia me ciprofloxacin, a no ka manawa pōkole ma hope o ka hopena o ka hopena hui.

ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ciprofloxacin (500 mg) a me ka sildenafil (50 mg) hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi hoʻonui 2-melu i AUC a me Cmax o ka hope. Hana ʻia ke kumu o kēia hoʻohui ma hope o ka loiloi ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pilikia hiki.

Analogues o Ciprofloxacin i Vero Ciprofloxacin, Basij, Betatsiprol, Kvintor, Infitsipro, Nirtsil, Oftotsipro, Tseprova, Rotsip, Protsipro, Tsiprobid, Tsiprobay, Tsiproksil, Tsiprodoks, Tsiprolet, Tsiprolaker, Tsipromed, Tsiprolon, Tsiprofloksabol, Tsiprolan, Tsifroksinal, Ekotsifol, Tsifratsid , Digital.

Nā kuleana a me nā kūlana e waiho ai

ʻO ka manawa o ke ola o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā papa he 3 mau makahiki.

Pono e mālama i nā papa ma kahi maloʻo a pouli hoʻi i waho o ka hiki o nā keiki i ka mahana a hiki i 30 ° C.

ʻO 2 mau makahiki ʻo ke ola o ka pale ma laila.

Pono e mālama i ka mālama ʻana i kahi wahi pouli a hiki ʻole i ka poʻe keiki ke wela a hiki i 25 ° C. Mai hoʻokaʻawale.

ʻO 3 mau makahiki kahi e noho ai ke ola o ka waiwai.

Pono e mālama ʻia kēia hopena ma waho o ka hiki o nā keiki i ka mahana a hiki i 25 ° C. Mai hoʻokaʻawale.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo no ka pepeiao a me ka maka he 3 mau makahiki.

Hiki i ke lāʻau lapaʻau ke lilo i loko o nā hebedoma 4 ma hope o ka wehe i ka hue.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ciprofloxacin i loko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o Ciprofloxacin 250 mg (10 papa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana) he 20 mau rubles.

ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o Ciprofloxacin 500 mg (10 papa i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana) he 40 rubles.

ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o ciprofloxacin i ke ʻano o kahi hopena no ka infusion (100 ml) ma kahi o 35 rubles.

ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o ciprofloxacin i ke ʻano o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka maka (5 ml) ma kahi o 25 mau rubles.

Nā Hōʻikeʻike iā Ciprofloxacin

ʻO nā loiloi e pili ana i ciprofloxacin i loko o ke ʻano o nā papa: he mea pili ʻole kekahi o nā mea hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau he maikaʻi, ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe i ke ʻano o kāna hoʻohana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā loiloi e pili ana i nā hopena pili.

He kūpono nā loiloi o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka maka.

Wahi a nā kauka, ʻo ciprofloxacin nā pono like ʻole:

maikaʻi ʻoluʻolu
ka hiki o ka hoʻohana 'ana ma ka hale haukapila no ka hoʻokaumaha ʻia o nā maʻi neʻe i nā maʻi maʻi, a no ka mālama ʻana i nā kaiāulu a i loaʻa i nā maʻi hoʻokipa a kokoke i kēlā me kēia wahi.
hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana antimicrobial,
lōʻihi ka hapalua-ola a me ka hopena post-antibiotic (hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau wale nō 2 mau manawa i ka lā).

Loaʻa kahi hewa i loko o ka kikokikona? Koho ia a kaomi Ctrl + Enter.

ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka ciprofloxacin waiwai

ʻO nā maʻi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole a paʻakikī hoʻi e nā microorganisms i pili i ka ciprofloxacin.

ʻLelo o ka hanu, e komo ai ʻoi a me ka maʻi paʻakikī (ma ke aniani) bronchitis, bronchiectasis, nā hoʻopiʻi hopohopo o ka cystic fibrosis, nā maʻi pneumonia i kumu ʻia e Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Esherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Legionella spp. a me staphylococci, maʻi kino o nā kino ENT, e komo pū me waena o ka pepeiao (otitis media), nā paranasal sinuses (sinusitis, me ke ʻano o ka ʻaina), ka mea i hoʻonā ʻia e nā microorganism gram-hewa, e komo pū ana Pseudomonas aeruginosa a i ʻole staphylococci, ʻeha o ka ʻōnaehana genitourinary (me ka cystitis, pyelonephritis, adnexitis, prostatitis bacterial maʻi, orchitis, epididymitis, uncomplicated gonorrhea), maʻi intra-abdominal (i hui pū me ka metronidazole), me ka peritonitis, gallbladder a me nā maʻi kiko o ka biliary, ʻili a me nā ʻōpūʻeha o ke kino (nā maʻi ʻeha, nā hōʻeha, ke ahi, nā ʻehaʻeha, ka phlegmon), nā iwi a me nā ʻōwili hui (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis), sepsis, typhoid fever, campylobacteriosis, shigellosis, nā mea huakaʻi hele nā maʻi a i ʻole prophylaxis o nā maʻi i nā maʻi immunocompromised (nā mea maʻi e lawe i nā lāʻau immunosuppressive a i nā mea maʻi me ka neutropenia), ka pakanila decontamination i loko o nā maʻi maʻi immunocompromised, pale a me ka mālama ʻana i ka anthrax pulmonary rskoy ulcers (maʻiʻaʻai Bacillus anthracis), ke pale aku nei i nā hōʻeha hōʻake a ke Neisseria meningitidis.

ʻO ka maʻi lapaʻau no nā hoʻopiʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ma nā keiki mai 5 a 17 mau makahiki me ka pulrosary cycric fibrosis, pale a me ka mālama ʻana i ka anthrax pulmonary (maʻi Bacillus anthracis).

Ma muli o nā hanana maikaʻi loa mai nā pūnao a me / a me nā ʻili e kokoke ana (e nānā i ka "ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao"), pono e hoʻomaka ke kauka i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike ma ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi hōʻeha i nā keiki a me nā wā ʻōpio a ma hope o ka loiloi ʻana o ka wlē hoʻopōmaikaʻi.

No ka hoʻohana maʻi ophthalmic. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻeha kuluma a me nā maʻi o ka mahele ʻāpana o ka wāwae a me kāna mau mea hoʻopiʻi ma muli o nā huakini i ka maʻi ciprofloxacin i nā pākeke, nā keiki hou (mai nā 0 a 27 mau lā), nā pēpē a me nā pēpē (mai nā lā 28 a 23 mau mahina), nā keiki (mai 2 a 11 mau makahiki) a me nā ʻōpio (12 a 18 paha makahiki).

Wāwī palapala noi

ʻO ka haole cerebral arteriosclerosis, heʻeha cerebrovascular, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paila QT a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā arrhythmias type pirouette (e hoʻohālike ana, ka lōʻihi o ka congenital ma waena o ka QT, maʻi ʻeha puʻuwai (hōʻeha ʻole o ka naʻau, ka myocardial infarction, bradycardia), electrolyte imbalance (me ka laʻana, me ka hypokalemia, hypomagnesia ), ke nele o ka dehydrogenase glucose-6-phosphate, ka hoʻohana like ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻolalelale ana i ka kikowaena QT (me nā huaʻōlelo antiarrhythmic o nā papa IA a me III, tricyclic antidepressants, macrolides, neur oleptics), ka manawa like me nā inhibitor o ka isoenzyme CYP1A 2, e komo ana i ka methylxanthines, me ka theophylline, caffeine, duloxetine, clozapine, ropinirole, olanzapine (e nānā i "Hoʻomaʻawale"), nā mea maʻi me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi tendon e pili ana me ka me ka hoʻohana ʻana o quinolones, maʻi noʻonoʻo (kaumaha, psychosis), maʻi system central center (epilepsy, hoʻoneʻe i ka paepae hopu (a i ʻole kekahi hanana moʻolelo o nā hopu), hōʻeha kino o ka lolo a i ʻole stroke, myasthenia gravis gravispilikia hōʻeha a me / a i ʻole hemahema, ulu nui.

Hoʻohui

Hōʻalo i nā hopena nā lōʻihi o ka manawa QT. Pono e mālama ʻia i ka wā e hoʻohana ana i ka ciprofloxacin, e like me nā fluoroquinolones ʻē aʻe, i nā mea maʻi e loaʻa ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻokō i ka kikowaena QT (no ka laʻana, ka papa o ka MA a me nā mea kanu antiarrhythmic, nā antidepresi tricyclic, macrolides, antipsychotics) (e nānā i "Hoʻomaʻawale".

Theophylline. ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o nā hanana hōʻino ciprofloxacin a me nā lākiumea o ka theophylline e hiki ai i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka theophylline i loko o ke kōpī koko a, a pēlā, ke ʻano o nā hanana ʻino a theophylline-induced, ma nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i kēia mau hopena ke hoʻopilikia i ka mea maʻi. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me nā mea pili i ka theophylline, pono e hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka theophylline i loko o ke kōpela koko a, inā pono, e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka lāʻau o theophylline.

ʻO nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe o xanthine. ʻO ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me ka caffeine a i ka pentoxifylline (oxpentifillin) hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi hoʻonui o ke kō ʻana o nā derivatives xanthine ma serum.

Phenytoin. Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me ka phenytoin, kahi hoʻololi (hoʻonui a hoʻemi paha) i ka ʻike o phenytoin i loko o ke koko koko ua ʻike ʻia. I mea e pale aku ai i nā hoʻokau pili i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka pīhoihoi phenytoin, me ka pale ʻana i nā hanana pōʻino e pili ana i ka overdose phenytoin i ka wā e hele ai ka ciprofloxacin i loko o ka manawa holoʻokoʻa, e ʻōlelo ʻia e nānā i ka therapy phenytoin i nā mea maʻi e lawe ana i ka ciprofloxacin, me ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka ʻike phenytoin i loko o ke koko koko a puni. ka manawa like a me ka manawa pōkole ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka lāʻau hoʻohui.

Nā NSAID. ʻO ka hui pūʻana o nā dosis kiʻekiʻe o ka quinolones (DNA gyrase inhibitors) a me kekahi mau NSAID (e waiho ʻole ana i ka acetylsalicylic acid) hiki ke hana i nā kahawai.

Cyclosporin. Me ka hana like o ciprofloxacin a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa ana i ka cyclosporine, he hoʻonui hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa pōkole i ka plasma creatinine i nānā. I kēlā mau hihia, pono e hoʻoholo i ka ʻai ʻana o ka likinine i ke koko 2 mau manawa i ka hebedoma.

Na mea hoʻonā waha a me ka insulin. Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me nā mākia hypoglycemic waha, ka nui, sulfonylureas (no ka laʻana, glibenclamide, glimepiride), a i ʻole insulin, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypoglycemia ma muli o ka hoʻonui i ka hana o nā mea a hypoglycemic agents (e ʻike i nā "ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao"). Pono e nānā pono ana i nā pae momona o ke koko.

Probenecid. Hoʻonui ka Probenecid i ka helu o ka excretion o ciprofloxacin e nā keiki. ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa ana i ka probenecid e alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui nui o ka ciprofloxacin i loko o ka serum koko.

Methotrexate. Me ka hana like o methotrexate a me ciprofloxacin, hiki i ka laka o ka waʻa hoʻomaha o methotrexate e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hele, kahi i hele pū ai me ka hoʻonui o ke kahe ʻana o ka methotrexate i loko o ke koko koko. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka ulu ʻana ke kūkulu i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka methotrexate e hoʻonui. Ma kēia noʻonoʻo, pono e nānā pono nā mea maʻi i loaʻa ka methotrexate a me ciprofloxacin.

Tizanidine. I ke hopena o kahi haʻawina hauoli e pili ana i nā mea hana olakino olakino me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka ciprofloxacin a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa ana i ka tizanidine, kahi i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka tizanidine i ka plasma koko - ua hōʻike ʻia - С_max 7 mau manawa (mai 4 a 21 mau manawa) a me AUC - 10 mau manawa (mai 6 a hiki i 24 mau manawa). Me ka hoʻonui i ka neʻe o ka tizanidine i ka serum, hypotensive (hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko) a me ka sedative (drowsiness, lethargy) e pili ana nā hopena. ʻO ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka tizanidine, ua contraindicated.

Omeprazole Me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me nā lāʻau omeprazole e loaʻa ana, hiki ke nānā ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o C._max ciprofloxacin i loko o ke koko a me kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i AUC.

Duloxetine Ma nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, hōʻike ʻia ka hiki i ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ka endxetine a me nā mea paʻa o ka isoenzyme CYP1A 2 (e like me ka fluvoxamine) hiki ke piʻi i kahi nui o AUC a me C_max ujxetine. ʻOiai ka nele o nā ʻike lapaʻau e pili ana i ka hiki ke pili me ciprofloxacin, hiki ke wānana i ka hapa o ka launa pū me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka ciprofloxacin a me ka endxetine.

Ropinirol. ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o ka ropinirole a me ciprofloxacin, kahi mea hoʻomehana iki o ka isoenzyme CYP1A 2, e alakaʻi ana i kahi hoʻonui o C_max a ropinirole AUC ma 60 a me 84%, kēlā. Pono nā nānā o nā ʻaoʻao o ka ropinirole i ka wā i hoʻohana pū ʻia me ciprofloxacin a no kahi manawa pōkole ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hui hoʻohui ʻana.

Lidocaine. Ma kahi noiʻi e pili ana i nā mea hana olakino olakino, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana like ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka Coverocaine, a me ka ciprofloxacin, ka mea hōʻemi hopohopo o ka isoenzyme CYP1A 2, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka lidocaine ma ka 22% me ka hoʻomalu iv. ʻOiai ka hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi o ka Coverocaine, me ka hoʻohana like ʻana me ciprofloxacin, nā hopena ʻaoʻao ma muli o ka hoʻopili e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia.

Clozapine. Me ka hana like o ka clozapine a me ciprofloxacin ma kahi momona o 250 mg no nā lā 7, he piʻi i loko o nā kikowaena serum o ka clozapine a me N-desmethylclozapine i nānā ʻia e 29 a me 31%, kēlā. Pono ke nānā ʻia ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi a inā pono, ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻana o ka clozapine i ka wā o kona hoʻohui pū ʻana me ciprofloxacin a i loko o kahi manawa pōkole ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻohui hui ʻana.

Sildenafil. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ciprofloxacin ma kahi o 500 mg a me nā sildenafil ma ke ʻano o ka nui o 50 mg i loko o nā mea hana olakino olakino, kahi i hoʻonui ʻia ai ʻo C_max a me AUC o ka sildenafil i 2 mau manawa. Ma kēia hana, hiki i ke hoʻohana ʻana i kēia hoʻohui wale nō ma hope o ka loiloi ʻana i ka pae ʻāpana kālā / hopena ʻole.

ʻĀpana K ʻO ka hoʻohana pū ʻana o ciprofloxacin a me nā mea kiko o ka vitamin K (e.g. warfarin, acenocumarol, fenprocoumon, fluindione) hiki ke piʻi i kā lākou hopena anticoagulant. Hiki paha ka nui o kēia hopena i ka maʻi maʻamau, ka makahiki a me ke ʻano maʻamau o ka mea maʻi, no laila hikiʻole ke loiloi i ka hopena o ciprofloxacin ma kahi hoʻonui i loko o INR. He pinepine ka mau ʻana i ka INR me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana me ciprofloxacin a me nā vitamin K antagonist, a no ka manawa pōkole ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻohui hoʻohui ʻana.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka lawelawe waha i ka manawa ciprofloxacin a me nā mea kanu cationic - nā lako mineral e loaʻa ana i ka calcium, magnesium, alumini, hao, sucralfate, antacids, polymeric phosphate compound (no ka laʻana, sevelamer, lanthanum carbonate) a me nā mea lāʻau me ka mana nui o ka buffer (no ka laʻana didanosine) e loaʻa ana i ka magnesium, alumina a i ʻole kaloli - hoʻoneʻe i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ciprofloxacin. I kēlā mau hihia, pono e lawe ʻia ka ciprofloxation i ʻelua mau hola ma mua o 4 paha mau hola ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i kēlā mau lāʻau.

Nā mea ʻai a me nā huahana pā. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā waha o nā ciprofloxacin a me nā huahana waiū a i ʻole nā mea e hūpaʻa ʻia me nā minamina (no ke ʻano waiū, nāʻaila, nā wai paʻikū i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) e pale ʻia, no ka mea e hoʻemi ʻia ka haʻawina ʻana o nā ciprofloxacin. ʻO ka calcium ma loko o ka meaʻai maʻamau ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia o ka kahe ʻana o ka ciprofloxacin.

ʻAʻole i mālama ʻia nā noi loea kūikawā o ka pilina me ke ʻano ophthalmic o ciprofloxacin. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ciprofloxacin i loko o ke kaila koko ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ka lua conjunctival, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka launa pū ma waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka ciprofloxacin. I ka hihia o ka hoʻohana pū ʻana me nā mākaukau ophthalmic kūloko, ʻo ka manawa ma waena o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana e lilo i liʻiliʻi ma 5 mau minuke, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aila maka.

Niʻomanaʻo Ciprofloxacin

ʻO nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, nā maʻi staphylococcal a me nā maʻi i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā maʻi a me ke kūpaʻa anaerobic. I ka mālamaʻana i nā maʻi ʻino, nā maʻi staph a me nā maʻi i hoʻopili ʻia e nā maʻi anaerobic, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka ciprofloxacin i hui pū ʻia me nā mea kūpono antibacterial.

Nā maʻi ʻeha ma muli o Streptococcus pneumoniae. ʻAʻole kōkua ʻia ʻo Ciprofloxacin no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi i kumu ʻO ka maʻi pīkoi streptococcus, ma muli o ka hana palena liʻiliʻi e pili ana i kēia pathogen.

Nā maʻi hoʻoili o ke ʻano. No nā maʻi ʻupena e noʻonoʻo ʻia e nā wahi paʻa Neisseria gonorrhoeaekū i ka fluoroquinolones, ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kūloko o ka wahi i ka ciprofloxacin i mea e pono ai ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka pathogen ma nā hoʻokolohua hōʻike.

Nā hōʻino o ka naʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Ciprofloxacin i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka paila QT (ʻike i nā "ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao"). Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka manawa lōʻihi o ka wahine me ka lōʻihi o ka manawa QT i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kāne, ʻoi aku lākou i nā mea hou aku i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻokō ana i ka manawa QT. I nā poʻe maʻi ʻelemakule, loaʻa pū kekahi manaʻo koʻikoʻi i ka hana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻoiho ana i kahi hoʻonui o ka manawa QT. No laila, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka ciprofloxacin me ka mālama ʻana me ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻolōʻihi i ka kikowaena QT (no ka laʻana, ka papa IA me III nā lāʻau antiarrhythmic, tricyclic antidepressants, macrolides a me nā lāʻau antipsychotic) (e nānā i "Interaction"), a i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka piʻi nui o ka lōʻihi o ka wā QT a i ʻole e hoʻomohala ana. nā arrhythmias type pirouette (no ka laʻana, congestital QT interval lengthening syndrome, ka pale ʻole ʻana o ka electrolyte unadjusted like, me ka hypokalemia a i ʻole hypomagnesemia, a me nā maʻi puʻuwai e like me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, inf myocardial artery, bradycardia).

Hoʻohana i nā keiki. Loaʻa ʻia nā ciprofloxacin, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia papa, e hōʻemi ai i ka arthropathy o nā palu nui i nā holoholona.

ʻO kahi huli ʻana o ka ʻike palekana i kēia manawa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana o ciprofloxacin i loko o nā keiki ma lalo o 18 mau makahiki he nui wale, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia cystic fibrosis, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu i kahi pilina ma waena o ka pōʻino o ka cartilage a i ʻole hoʻopili ʻana me ciprofloxacin. ʻAʻole ia e ʻōlelo i hoʻohana i ka ciprofloxacin i loko o nā keiki mai 5 a 17 mau makahiki no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, koe wale nō nā hoʻopiʻi o ka cystic fibrosis pili me ka cystic fibrosis pili me ka maʻi Pseudomonas aeruginosa, me ka mālama a me ka pale ʻana o ka anthrax pulmonary (ma hope o nā mea i manaʻo ʻia a i ʻole ʻia i hōʻike ʻia Bacillus anthracis).

Hypersensitivity. ʻO kekahi manawa ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi mua o ciprofloxacin, hiki i ka hypersensitivity ke ulu, ke komo mauʻano kūlohelohe, pono e hōʻike koke i ka kauka hele (ʻike i nā "ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao"). I nā hihia lohi, ma hope o ka hoʻohana mua ʻana, hiki i nā hopena anaphylactic ke hele mai i ka pīhoihoi anaphylactic. I kēia mau hihia, pono e hoʻōki ka hoʻohana ʻana o ciprofloxacin a pono e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau kūpono.

ʻŌpala Gastrointestinal. Inā hōʻeha a lōʻihi paha ka maʻi i ka wā a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me ciprofloxacin, e haʻalele ʻia i ka hōʻike o ka colitis pseudomembranous, e koi ana i ka wehe ʻana o nā ciprofloxacin a me ka koho ʻana i ka hana kūpono (waha vancomycin ma kahi lāʻau o 250 mg 4 mau manawa i kēlā lā) (ʻike ʻia "ʻaoʻao effects").

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ʻae ʻana i ka hoʻonaninani o ka peʻaleʻa, ua contraindicated.

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana Hepatobiliary. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ciprofloxacin, ua loaʻa mai nā hihia o ka necrosis ate a me ka hana ʻana hoʻoweliweli ma ka ola ʻana. Inā aia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻa like e like me ka anorexia, jaundice, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, aʻeha, ʻeha ma ka ʻōpū, ciprofloxacin e hoʻokuʻu ʻia (ʻike i nā "ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao").

I nā mea maʻi e lawe ana i ka ciprofloxacin a maʻa i ka maʻi o ke ake, he hoʻonui iki ʻana i ka hana o nā transaminases hepatic, ka alkatine phosphatase, a i ʻole ka cholestatic jaundice e ʻike ʻia (e nānā i "ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao").

ʻŌnaehana musculoskeletal. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi me ka ʻeha pilina myasthenia pono ciprofloxacin e lilo me ka akahele, me hiki i ka exacerbation o nā hōʻailona.

Ke lawe nei i ciprofloxacin, hiki i nā hihia o ka tendonitis a me ka tendon tendon (ʻo Achilles nui), i kekahi manawa bilateral, aia i loko o nā hola 48 mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi lapaʻau. Hiki i nā ʻeha a me ka rupture ke hōʻemi a hiki i kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ke ciprofloxacin a oki ʻia. I nā poʻe maʻi a me nā mea maʻi me nā maʻi tendon e loaʻa koke ana i ka mālama ʻana me ka corticosteroids, i nui ka loaʻa o ka tendinopathy.

I nā hōʻailona mua o ka tendonitis (ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻōpū, hui ʻia), pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ciprofloxacin, pono e alakaʻi ʻia ka hana kino, no ka mea, aia kekahi pilikia o ka hilahila o ka tendon, a kūkākūkā me kekahi kauka. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā Ciprofloxacin me ka akahele i ka poʻe maʻi me ka mōʻaukala o nā maʻi tendon e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka quinolones.

ʻŌnaehana aloha. ʻO Ciprofloxacin, e like me nā fluoroquinolones ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻokau ʻana a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka paepae no ka mākaukau hoʻomahaʻa. I nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi epilepsy a e hele ana i ka maʻi ʻōnaehana o ka nūhou (no ka laʻana, he hōʻemi i ka paepae hoʻolulima, kahi moʻolelo o ka hopu ʻana, nā pilikia o ka cerebrovascular, ka pōʻino o ka lolo kino, a i ʻole ka weliweli), ma muli o ka hōʻeha o nā hopena hōʻino o CNS, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka ciprofloxacin ma mua o ka hopena hopena ma o ka hopena o nā hopena ʻokoʻa.

Ke hoʻohana nei i ciprofloxacin, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kūlana epilepticus (ʻike i nā "ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao"). Inā hele mai nā hoʻokolohua, pono e hoʻoneʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ciprofloxacin. Hiki i nā hopena noʻonoʻo ka hopena ma hope o ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o nā fluoroquinolones, e komo pū me ciprofloxacin. Ma nā hanana maʻamau, nā kaumaha a i ʻole ka psychotic hoʻoponopono e hoʻomau i ka noʻonoʻo suicidal a me ka hana hōʻino pilikino, e like me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e pepehi ʻia, incl. lawena (see "ʻaoʻao effects"). Inā kūkulu ka mea maʻi i kekahi o kēia mau ʻano hana, pono ʻoe e kāpae i ka lawe ʻana i ka ciprofloxacin a hoʻomaopopo i kāu kauka.

ʻO nā mea maʻi e lawe ana i ka fluoroquinolones, e pili ana i ka ciprofloxacin, ua hōʻike i nā hihia o ka sensory a sensorimotor polyneuropathy, hypesthesia, dysesthesia, a me ka nāwaliwali. Inā mālama ʻia nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻeha, ke kuni ʻana, ke nānā ʻana, ka ʻāʻī ʻana, nā nāwaliwali, e hōʻike nā mea maʻi i kā lākou kauka ma mua e hoʻomau me ciprofloxacin.

ʻO ka ʻili. Ke lawe nei i ciprofloxacin, hiki mai kahi hanana photosensitization, no laila e pale i nā mea maʻi e hoʻopili i ka pili ʻana i ka lā a me ka mālamalama UV. Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke ʻano inā nānā ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka photosensitization (no ka laʻana, he loli ka ʻili o ka ʻula e like me ka sunburn) (e nānā i nā "ʻaoʻao effects").

Cytochrome P450. Ke ike ia nei ciprofloxacin he hanu pale o ka isoenzyme CYP1A 2. Pono e mālama pono i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka ciprofloxacin a me nā lāʻau i hoʻoneʻeneʻe e kēia isoenzyme, e komo pū ana methylxanthines, a me ka theophylline a me ka caffeine, pitoxetine, ropinirole, clozapine, olanzapine, as ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike i kēia mau lāʻau i loko o ka serum o ke koko, ma muli o ka kaohi ʻana o kā lākou kaila i ka ciprofloxacin, hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i kekahi hopena kūlike.

Nā kūloko kūloko. Me nā mea / i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ciprofloxacin, hiki i kahi hanana maʻi kūloko ke hele nei i kahi o ka inikua (edema, ʻeha). Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano inā inā ʻo ka wā infusion he 30 mau minuke a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi. Maalo koke ka hopena ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka infusion a ʻaʻole ia he contraindication no ka hoʻokō hou aʻe, ke ʻole he paʻakikī ka hana.

I mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka crystalluria, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻonui ʻia i ka lā i ʻōlelo ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā, lawa pono ka kō ana ʻana a me ka mālama pono ʻana i kahi ʻano urine urine. Me ka mālama manawa iv ciprofloxacin a me ka maʻamau anesthetics mai ka pūʻulu o nā derivatives acid barbituric, mālama mau i ka helu o ka naʻau, ka piʻi ʻana o ke koko, pono nō ʻo ECG. In vitro hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ciprofloxacin i ka nānā ʻana i ka bacteriological Hoʻopiʻi i nā maʻi Mycobacterium, ke kāohi ʻana i kona ulu ʻana, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hopena o ke ʻano o kēia pathogen i nā poʻe maʻi e lawe ana i ka ciprofloxacin.

ʻO ka hoʻohana lōʻihi a me ka hana pinepine o ka ciprofloxacin hiki ke alakaʻi i ka superinfection me nā pale kūpaʻa a i ʻole pathogens o nā maʻi ʻoi.

Hoʻomaopopo i ka hiki ke alakaʻi i nā kaʻa a me nā ʻenehana. I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wā o ke kaʻa ʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā hana hoʻokūkū, a i ka wā e komo ai i nā hana ʻē aʻe e pōʻino ai i mea e koi ai ka nui o ka nānā a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hopena kūpono ʻole mai ka ʻōnaehana o ka nulemepa (no ka laʻana, ka dizziness, convulsions), pono ka mea e pale aku i ka hana ʻana a hana i nā hana ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka nui o ke nānā ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻike lāʻau lapaʻau me ciprofloxacin i loko o nā keiki ma lalo o 1 makahiki mau makahiki. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ciprofloxacin i kahi ophthalmia o nā keiki hou i loaʻa me ka gonococcal a chlamydial etiology ma muli o ka ʻike ʻole o ka ʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia pūʻulu o nā maʻi. ʻO nā mea maʻi me ka opithalmia neonatal e loaʻa i ka pono etiotropic kūpono.

Me ka hoʻohana ophthalmic o ciprofloxacin, pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka hopena o ke ʻano o ka rhinopharyngeal, hiki ke piʻi i ka piʻi o ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi bacterial.

I ka poʻe maʻi me ka ulia corneal, ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā kūmole crystalline keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia ke koena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻAʻole ka hoʻopulapula i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻohana hou aku o ciprofloxacin a ʻaʻole i pili i kona hopena therapeutic. Hōʻike ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona o ka neʻe i ka manawa mai 24 mau hola a i 7 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻola ʻana, a hiki i kona hāmeʻa ke hiki koke mai ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a i loko o nā lā 13 ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hopena.

ʻAʻole mālama ʻia nā lole lono no ka mālama ʻana.

Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ophthalmic i ka ciprofloxacin, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ke ʻano o ka ʻike maka, no laila, ma hope iho o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole i kauoha ʻia e hoʻokele i kahi kaʻa a hoʻokomo i nā hana e koi nui ai ka nānā ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor.