Diabetes i ka wā hāpai

ʻO ka pilikia o ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka wahine hāpai i ka maʻi maʻamau e loaʻa ana i ka maʻi maʻamau a puni ka honua.

Ke nānā nei i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi ma waena o nā wahine, ma ka hana lapaʻau i hōʻike ʻia ʻekolu mau ʻano nui o kēia maʻi:

• ʻo ka hua mua he IDDM, me ka hilinaʻi o ka insulin i hilinaʻi ʻia,
• ʻo ka lua ka inoa ʻo NIDDM, me ke kūʻokoʻa o ka non-insulin,
• ʻo ke kolu ke ʻano he HD, ʻo ka maʻi maʻi gestational.

Ma kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi i ka wahine, ua hoʻoholo pinepine ʻia ke kolu o kahi ʻano, e hiki ke ulu ma hope o 28 mau pule o ka hapai. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia iho ma ka hana hewa o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka glucose i ka wā hāpai i ka wahine.

ʻO ka ʻano maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻamau ka IDDM. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi o kēia ʻano i nā kāne ka mea like me nā wahine. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻike ʻia o nā hōʻailona o ke ʻano maʻi like ʻole i nā keiki.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 3 i nā pākeke he 30 ka hapa o ka maʻi nui, ʻaʻole nui ka maʻi nui. ʻOi ka hapa o nā maʻi āpau i nā wahine me HD. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona mua o ka mellitus o ka maʻi mellitus, pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ke kauka e pale i nā hopena koʻikoʻi.

Ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā hāpai a nā kauā wahine, hoʻomaka nā mākaʻi e nānā pono i ke ala o ka hāpai ʻana. Hōʻike ka IDDM i nā wahine hāpai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana mai. ʻO ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi i ka wahine hāpai, ʻoiai he piʻi o ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka IDDM i kahi wahine hāpai e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ulu ʻana o ka angiopathies a me kahiʻano i ka ketoacidosis. Inā ʻoe i hoʻokele i kēia maʻi, a laila ʻike ʻoe ua ʻokoʻa ka hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā hāpai

I nā pule mua o ka hāpai ʻana, ʻaʻole loli o ke ala o ka maʻi i loko o nā wahine hāpai a pau. Hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kāʻei hoʻoliʻiliʻi no ka estrogen. E hoʻowalewale kēia i ka pancreas e huna i ka insulin. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka diabetes mellitus i nā wahine hāpai makua, e like me ke ʻano o ka uptake glucose peripheral, kahi hōʻemi i ka glycemia, kahi hōʻike o hypoglycemia, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka insulin e pono ai e hōʻemi.

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ka hapalua mua o ka hapai i ka poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes e hele ʻole me nā wahi ʻole. Hoʻokahi wale nō hana hoʻoweliweli - ka hemahema o ka hana kolohe no ka huhū.

Ma ka waenakonu o ka wā hāpai, hoʻonui ka hana o nā hormone contrainsular, ma waena o nā prolactin, glucagon a me ka lactogen plasenta. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pākia kala, a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi. Ke piʻi ka kiʻekiʻe o ka glycemia a me glucosuria. Aia kahi manawa e hoʻomaka ka ulu ketoacidosis. I kēia manawa pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka dosis o ka insulin.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hōʻeha ma muli o ka hapalua o ka hapai ma mua o ka mea mua. Aia aia nā hopena o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ma muli o ka hānau hānau mua, ka maʻi ʻeha o ka urinary, i ka wā lohi o ka maʻi, ka hypoxia fetal, polyhydramnios.

ʻEhā nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi hānai e pono ai i nā pae hope o ka hāpai ʻana? ʻO kēia kahi emi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā hormone o ka contra-type, kahi hōʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glycemia, a no laila ke lawe ʻia ka nui o ka insulin. Ke piʻi hou nei ka ʻekekaumana.

He aha nā hōʻailona e hōʻailona ai i ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā hānau a ma hope o lākou?

I ka wā hānau ʻana, hiki i nā wahine hāpai me ka maʻi diabetes ke hoʻomohala i kahi maʻi hyperglycemia. ʻO ke kūlana o ka hypoglycemia a me / a i ʻole ka acidosis kekahi ʻano. E like me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi i nānā ʻia e nā kauka i nā lā mua o ka wā o ka manawa postpartum, he hāʻule wale nō kēia o ka glycemia i nā lā ʻekolu a ʻehā paha. Ma ka lā ʻehā a i ʻole paha i ka lima, e hoʻi nā mea a pau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo maopopo me ka manaʻo ʻole e ʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi i nā kāne.

Ua paʻakikī ka kaʻina o ka hānau ʻana ma ke ʻano o kahi fetus nui.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes i nā keiki mai nā makuahine e maʻi ana i kēia maʻi maʻi

Inā loaʻa i hoʻokahi mau a i ʻole paha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maʻi, a laila hōʻoia ka maʻi ʻana, hiki ke loaʻa i kēia hopena nui i ka hooulu ʻana o ka pēpē, akā, ʻo ka mea hou. Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi mellitus e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā keiki i hānau ʻia i nā māmā maʻi maʻi i nā keiki maʻamau.

I waena o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes i nā keiki, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa: ka momona momona a subutanu, ʻōiwi ʻano ʻōiwi. Eia nō kekahi, ʻo nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi hānai i kahi pēpē i hiki ke kapa ʻia he pupuhi, hana maikaʻi ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana a me nā huina, kahi nui o ka malformations, cyanosis. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui a me ka nui o nā hemorrhages ma ka umauma a me ka ʻili o nā ʻili hoʻi nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi maʻi o ka wā kamaliʻi.

ʻO ka hōʻike nui loa o ka fetopathy mai ka maʻi diabetes, ʻo ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi perinatal i nā keiki. Hōʻike ʻia nā keiki hou o nā makuahine maʻi hānai a nā ʻuhane liʻiliʻi a lohi i nā kaʻina hana e hoʻohana ai i nā kūlana ola ma waho o ka ʻōpū. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano o ka lethargy, hypotension, hyporeflexia. ʻO ka Hemodynamics i loko o kahi keiki ka mea ʻole, hiki ʻole ke kaumaha, hoʻihoʻi ikaika. Eia kekahi, nui ka piʻi ʻana o ke keiki i kahi ʻeha kaumaha ʻoi loa.

Epidemiology

Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai like, mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 14% o nā māla a pau (e pili ana i ka nui o ka poʻe i noiʻi ʻia a me nā ʻoihana hoʻowalike ʻia) ua paʻakikī i ka maʻi maʻi gestational.

ʻO ka nui o ka diabetes type a me ka type 2 ma waena o nā wahine o ka hānau keiki ʻana he 2%, ma ka 1% o nā hapai a pau ka wahine i ka maʻi maʻi ma ka maʻi maʻamau, ma ka 4,5% o nā maʻi maʻi āpau e ulu ai, me ka 5% o nā hihia o ka maʻi gestational e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi diabetes maʻi maʻi.

ʻO nā kumu o ka hoʻonui i ka morbidity fetal ʻo macrosomia, hypoglycemia, malformations congenital, ʻōpū o ka hanu ʻana, hyperbilirubinemia, hypocalcemia, polycythemia, hypomagnesemia. Aia ma lalo kahi papa o P. White, ka mea e hōʻike ai i ka helu helu (p,%) hiki i ke keiki e hiki ai ke hānau ʻia, e like me ka lōʻihi a me ka hoʻopiʻi o ka maʻi diabetes.

• Helu A. E hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose a me ka ʻole o nā hoʻopiʻi - p = 100,
• Palapala B. Ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi hānai ma lalo o 10 mau makahiki, ala mai i nā makahiki he 20, ʻaʻohe ʻōpiopio vascular - p = 67,
• Helu C. C. mai 10 a hiki i Schlet, i kū mai i ka makahiki 10-19, ʻaʻohe ʻikepili vascular - p = 48,
• Helu D. Ka lōʻihi o 20 mau makahiki, ua piʻi a hiki i 10 mau makahiki, he retinopathy a i ʻole ka helu ʻana ʻana i nā moku o nā wāwae - p = 32,
• Helu E. E helu ana i na moku o ka paila - p = 13,
• Helu F. Nefopathy - p = 3.

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ʻO nā kumu o ka maʻi maʻi i ka wā hāpai

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi 'āʻai, a i ʻole ka maʻi gestagen, he mea hōʻeha ia i ka hoʻomaloka o ka glucose (NTG) i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana a nalowale ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi diagnostic no kēlā maʻi like ʻole o ka nui o kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka glycemia i ke koko capillary mai ʻekolu mau waiwai ʻehā, mmol / l: ma ka ʻōpū ʻole - 4.8, ma hope o 1 h - 9.6, a ma hope o ka mau hola 2 - 8 ma hope o ka hana waha o 75 g o glucose.

Ka hoʻomanawanui i ka glucose hoʻonāukiuki ma ka wā hapai e hōʻike i ka hopena o ke kino o ka hormone plental contrainsular, a me ke kū'ē o ka insulin, a hoʻomohala i kahi o 2% o nā wahine hāpai. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose ka hopena he mea nui no nā kumu ʻelua: ʻo ka mea mua: 40% o nā wahine me ka maʻi maʻi i loaʻa i ka mōʻaukala hāpai ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi ma waena o nā makahiki he 6-8 a no laila, pono lākou i ka hahai ʻia, a me ka lua o ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kua o ke kolohe. Ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka glucose i ka hopena o ka make a me ka fetopathy ma ke ʻano like me ka poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi mellitus i hoʻokumu ʻia ma mua.

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ʻO nā kumu maʻi

I ka kipa mua ʻana o ka wahine hāpai i kekahi kauka, pono ia e nānā i ke ʻano o ka hōʻemi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi gestational, no ka mea, pili pū kekahi ʻano loea diagnostika i kēia. ʻO ka hui o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi gestational ka wahine ma lalo o 25 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, me ke kaumaha kino kino ma mua o ka wā hapakā, ka mea ʻole o nā moʻolelo o ka maʻi mellitus i waena o nā hoahānau o ka pilina mua, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka maʻi o ka hōʻea o ka metabolism nā mea laʻu (me ka glucosuria). ka mōlia pale ʻole unburdened. E hoʻolako i kahi wahine i kahi pūʻulu me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi gestational, pono ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona āpau. Ma kēia pūʻulu o nā wahine, ʻaʻole lawe ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua kaumaha i kaupalena ʻia a ua kaupalena ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka palaoa glycemia

Wahi a ka manaʻo like lokahi o nā ʻĀina a me nā poʻe ʻike haole, ʻo nā wahine me ka nui o ka momona (BMI ≥30 kg / m 2), ka maʻi diabetes mellitus i nā hoahānau o ka pilina mua ʻana, kahi mōʻaukala o ke kanulau gestational a i ʻole nā ​​hopena o ka hoʻoliʻoliʻawaʻi nui i ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi gestational. ma waho o ka hāpai ʻia. E hoʻolako i kahi wahine i kahi pūʻulu kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, lawa kekahi o nā hōʻailona i kākau ʻia. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia mau wahine i ka kipa mua ʻana i ke kauka (ua kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka neʻe o ka glucose i ke koko ma ka ʻōpū ʻole a me kahi hōʻike me 100 g o glucose, ʻike i ke kaʻina ma lalo).

ʻO ka hui me ka hopena pākahi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes gestational ka wahine i ʻole i ka pūʻulu haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe: no ka laʻana, me ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino ma mua o ka wā hapai, me ka moʻolelo o nā lālani nui (ʻōlū nui, polyhydramnios, abortions sport, gestosis, malalations fetal, stillbirths ) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma kēia pūʻulu, e hoʻokau ʻia ana ka hōʻike ʻana i ka manawa koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi gestational - 24-28 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana (e hoʻomaka ana ka hōʻike ʻana ma kahi hōʻike screening).

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ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau

Nā hōʻailona ʻeha i nā wahine hāpai me ka type 1 a me ka type 2 diabetes mellitus i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka pae o ka uku a me ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi a ua hoʻoholo nui ʻia e ka hele ʻana a me ke ʻano o nā hopena ʻōiwi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi (arterial hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, diabetes nephropathy, diabetes polyneuropathy, etc.).

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ʻO ka maʻi maʻi gestational

Hoʻomaopopo ka hōʻailona o ke maʻi gestational i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hyperglycemia. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike iā ia iho me ka pōkole hyperglycemia wikiwiki, postprandial hyperglycemia, a i ʻole he kiʻi kino maʻi maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi me nā kiʻekiʻe glycemic ulu. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, he hala a ʻike ʻole ʻia nā mea maʻi. E like me ke kānāwai, aia ka momona o nā pae ʻokoʻa, pinepine - loaʻa ke kaumaha wikiwiki i ka wā hāpai. Me ka glycemia kiʻekiʻe, hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻopiʻi e pili ana i ka polyuria, makewai, nui ka momona, a me nā mea like. ʻO nā pilikia nui loa no ka maʻi ʻana, ʻo nā hihia o ka maʻi maʻi gestational me ka hyperglycemia moderate, ke ʻike ʻole ʻia ka glucosuria a me ka wikiwiki ʻo hyperglycemia.

Ma ko mākou ʻāina, ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau i nā ka maʻi o ka maʻi gestational. Wahi a nā loiloi o kēia manawa, pono ke kau ʻana i ka maʻi gestational me ka hoʻoholo o nā mea pilikia no kona hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua me ka ukana o ka glucose i nā hui pākēnihi a me nā mea kiʻekiʻe.

I waena o nā pilikia o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā hana pehu i nā wahine hāpai, pono pono e hoʻokaʻawale:

1. ʻO ka maʻi maʻi i ka mea ma mua o ka wahine ma mua o ka wā hāpai (ʻo ke ʻano maʻi gestational) - nā maʻi pākēnē 1, ke ʻano type type 2, nā ʻano maʻi maʻi like ʻole.
2. ʻO ka maʻi momona a i ʻole ka hapai paha - kekahi kiʻekiʻe o nā mea hoʻoneʻeneʻe o ka pale kino (mai kahi kokoke i ka hookeokeo hyperglycemia i ka maʻi maʻamau) me ka hoʻomaka a me ka ʻike mua i ka wā hāpai.

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Kahi ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi gestational

Aia ka maʻi maʻi gestational, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hana i hoʻohana ʻia ai:

• hoihoi ʻia e ka lāʻauʻaiʻai,
• uku ʻia e ka inika insulin.

E like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka uku o ka maʻi.

• uku
• decomp dek.

• E10 Insulin-dependence diabetes mellitus (i ka panapo o kēia mau ʻano - ʻano type like mellitus)
• E11 Mellitus-non-diabetes diabetes mellitus (type type type 2 in diabetes)
  • E10 (E11) .0 - me ka coma
  • E10 (E11) .1 - me ka ketoacidosis
  • E10 (E11) .2 - me kaʻino o kaʻeha
  • E10 (E11) .3 - me ka pohō o ka maka
  • E10 (E11) .4 - me nā pilikia neurological
  • E10 (E11) .5 - me nā maʻi maʻi peripheral
  • E10 (E11) .6 - me nā hoʻopiʻi ʻē aʻe
  • E10 (E11) .7 - me nā hoʻopiʻi lehulehu
  • E10 (E11) .8 - me nā pilikia hoʻopiʻi ʻole
  • E10 (E11) .9 - me nā hoʻopiʻi ʻole
• 024.4 Diabetes o nā wahine hāpai.

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Nā hopena a me nā hopena

I ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka maʻi hānai, ʻoi ʻia ka wehe ʻana i ka maʻi mellitus type I or II. No ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka makuahine a me ka lōkō, ʻo kēia mahele o nā mea maʻi mai ka wā hāpai a loaʻa i ka uku kiʻekiʻe no ka maʻi maʻi. No kēia hopena, pono e hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā maʻi me ka maʻi mellitus i ka wā e ʻike ai i ka hapai i ka hoʻokū ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, ka nānā ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. I ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻina mua a me ka hoʻokau, pono ia e nānā i nā ʻōpū o ka urination no ka ʻike ʻimi i ka manawa a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hele ʻana o ka pyelonephritis concomitant, a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana o nā kuhi e ʻike ai i ka nephropathy maʻi, e makaʻala ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka kānana glomerular, ka proteinuria i kēlā me kēia lā, a me ka serum creatinine. ʻO nā wahine hāpai ʻia e nānā ʻia e kekahi kanaka ophthalmologist e loiloi i ke ʻano o ka waihona kālā a ʻike i ka retinopathy. ʻO ka heleʻana o ka hypertension arterial, ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaomi diastolic e ka 90 mm Hg. Art., Kahi hōʻailona no ka lāʻau antihypertensive. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o diuretics i nā wahine hāpai me ka hypertension arterial. Ma hope o ke kau ʻana, hoʻoholo lākou i ka hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hāpai ʻana. ʻO nā ʻōmaka no ka pau ʻana i ka maʻi mellitus i hānau ʻia ma mua o ka hānau ʻana ma muli o ka hapa nui o ka maʻi maʻamau a me ka fetopathy i loko o ka pūpū, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lōʻihi a me nā hoʻopiʻi o ka maʻi diabetes. Hoʻonui ka wai fetal i ka wahine me ka maʻi maʻi ma muli o ka hoʻomau a me ka make neonatal ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o nā maʻi pēpē o ka hanu a me nā malenne congenital.

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Diagnosis o ka maʻi diabetes i ka wā hāpai

Hāʻawi ka poʻe loea a me nā poʻe haole i kēia ala e hiki mai ana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi gestational. ʻO ke ala hoʻokahi hoʻokahi ʻoi aku ka ʻoi loa ma ka wahine i hiki ke kūpaʻa nui no ka maʻi maʻi gestational. Loaʻa iā ia ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi hōʻike maʻi me 100 g o glucose. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ala ʻelua i kahi no ka ʻoihana hoʻoweliweli. Me kēia ʻano, hoʻokuʻi mua ʻia kahi hōʻike screening me 50 g o ka glucose, a inā i ʻole ke kipi, ʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike 100-gram.

ʻO ke ʻano hana no ka hoʻokolohua ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua. Pēlā e inu ai kahi wahine i ka 50 g o ka glucose i loko o ke kīʻaha wai (i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ma luna o kahi ʻōpū), a ma hope o hoʻokahi hola, ua hoʻoholo ka glucose i ka plasma venous. Inā ma hope o hoʻokahi hola ka emi loa ka glucose o ka plasma ma lalo o 7.2 mmol / L, ua manaʻo ʻia ke hōʻike hewa a ua pau ka hōʻike ʻana. (Ke kuhikuhi nei kekahi mau alakaʻi i kahi pae glycemic o 7,8 mmol / L ma ke ʻano he hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka hōʻike screening maikaʻi, akā e hōʻike ana he pae glycemic 7.2 mmol / L kahi hōʻailona hou aʻe o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka maʻi gestational.) Inā he glucose glucose a? ʻoi aku ma kahi o 7.2 mmol / l, kahi hōʻike ma kahi 100 g glucose i hōʻike ʻia.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana hōʻike me ka 100 g o ka glucose ka mea e hāʻawi hou i kahi protocol eʻoi aʻe. Hana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma ke kakahiaka ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole, ma hope o ka pōʻai ʻana i ka pō no 8-14 mau hola, kū'ē i kahi o ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻai (ma ka liʻiliʻi o 150 g ka mauleka i kēlā me kēia lā) a me ka hana kino ʻole, ma ka liʻiliʻi no 3 mau lā ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana.I ka wā o ka hōʻike hoʻokolokolo, pono ʻoe e noho, ua pāpā ʻia ka ulaula. I ka wā o ka laʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka wikiwiki no ka glycemia plasma kai, ma hope o 1 hola, 2 mau hola a me 3 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi gestational inā 2 a i ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​helu glycemic like a i ʻole ma mua o nā helu hoʻohālikelike: ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole - 5.3 mmol / l, ma hope o 1 h - 10 mmol / l, ma hope o 2 mau hola - 8.6 mmol / l, ma hope o 3 mau hola - 7.8 mmol / L. Hiki i ke ala hou aʻe ke hoʻohana i kahi hōʻike ʻelua ʻelua hola me 75 g o nā glucose (kahi protocol like like). No ka hoʻokumu i ka hoʻokolohua o ka maʻi gestational i kēia hihia, pono ia i nā pae like o nā glycemia plasma venous i 2 a i ʻole he mau mea e hoʻohā a i ʻole peʻe i nā waiwai i hōʻike ʻia: ma ka ʻōpū ʻōpū ʻole - 5.3 mmol / l, ma hope o 1 h - 10 mmol / l, ma hope o 2 mau hola - 8.6 mmol / l. Eia naʻe, e like me nā loea mai ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā, ʻaʻole pono kēia ala e loaʻa i ka mana o kahi 100 100 mauʻano. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka hoʻoholo ʻehā (ʻekolu mau hola) i ka glycemia i ka hoʻokalakupua i ka wā e hoʻokau nei i kahi hoʻokolohua me 100 g o glucose e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻē aʻe i ka ʻano o nā pauku metaboleka i ka wahine hāpai. Pono e mālama pono ʻia ka mālama mau ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka glycemia i ka wahine i ka ʻeha o ka maʻi gestational i kekahi mau hihia ʻaʻole e haʻalele loa i ka maʻi gestational, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi glycemia ma nā wahine hāpai. No laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ka pipi normoglycemia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka glycemia postprandial, kahi mea hōʻike kahi o ka maʻi gestational a hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia ma muli o nā hopena kaumaha. Inā hōʻike ka wahine hāpai i nā helu glycemic kiʻekiʻe ma ka plasma venous: ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 mmol / l a ma kahi kikoʻī o ke koko - ʻoi aku ma mua o 11.1 a i hōʻoia ʻia kēia mau waiwai i ka lā aʻe o nā hōʻike no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole pono, a ua manaʻo ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai o ka maʻi gestational.

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