No ke aha a ma lalo o nā maʻi e hoʻoili ai ka ate i ka nui o ka cholesterol?

ʻO ke kino kanaka he ʻano kūpono, hana ʻia e ke ʻano, ʻaʻohe mea superfluous. Hana nā mea a pau e nā ʻōpū kūloko i ko lākou mau hana pono, a ua hoʻopau ʻia nā metabolites i ko lākou ʻano. He kaila kaulane ke kanaka. No laila no ke aha ka hua e hoʻopō ai i ka nui o nā kolamu he nui? A i ʻole he maikaʻi ʻole paha nā mea a pau?

ʻO ke hana o ka cholesterol i ke kino

ʻO kā Cholesterol he māhele koʻikoʻi o nā membrane pile. ʻO ka hope, e like me nā papa hana kiʻi, kahi papa o loko o waho a me waho o ka phospho- a me ka glycolipids a me kahi palapu ma waena o lākou. Aia ka wā Cholesterol i ka waenakonu, e pāʻani ana i ka hana o kahi sealant, kahi paʻa o ka elasticity a me kahi ʻano kānana e pale i ka neʻe o nā molekupeka mai kekahi papa i kekahi.

No ka mea, aia nā kōpona kino a pau i kā lākou iho o ka nā cytoplasmic membranes, ua loaʻa ka cholesterol i nā kiko āpau. Hāʻawi ia iā lākou me ke ʻano a me ka elasticity ma luna o kahi ākea ākea. Eia pū kekahi he pono no:

• synthesis o nā hāmeʻa o ka adrenal glands, wahine a me ke kāne male sex, sex
• ka hana ʻana o nā hua palaoa, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā meaʻai i nā mea ʻehā o ke kinamu.
• hoʻololi i ka provitamin D i kahi ʻimi piha loa,
• ka hōʻaʻe ʻana i ka hemo ʻana o nā koena momona-soluble o ke koena.

Hoʻohana nui ia i loko o nā ate, ʻoiai nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe (epithelium o nā palapū, nā palupalu, nā kelepona sebaceous) pili i ka hana. Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi hapa o ia mea e hele mai ana i waho me ka meaʻai. ʻO ka kolala Exogenous mai ka hana a ka digestive e komo pū mua i ka palupalu. ʻO kēia kahi e pili ai i nā pilina me ka protein me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o lipoproteins, a laila e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke kahawai koko i kahi o ka noi a komo i nā ʻano ʻano biochemical ʻano.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lipoproteins aia wale nō i ka lā kikoʻī o ka cholesterol i nā protein. Inā nui ka nui o ka protein, he nui ka nui o nā lipoproteins, a kiʻekiʻe ka pā. ʻOi ka liʻiliʻi o ka protein, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka pānaʻi o ka momona-protein protein a me ka haʻahaʻa o kāna mau ʻāpana kino. Akā, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea, i ka hopena o ka lipoproteins e wāwahi, a i nā huahana wehe e hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻōpala, i kahi haʻahaʻa - e nā keiki a me ka ʻili.

Me ka wehe nui ʻana o ka lipoproteins e loaʻa ka kolamu mai ka lepa i ke koko a me / a i ʻole ke pale ʻana i kā lākou huahana decomposition, kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hyperlipidemia. ʻAʻole ia he pōʻino loa inā inā ʻaʻole i hōʻino ʻia nā paia o loko o nā moku e nā mea huna a i nā loli paha i ke kahe o ke koko. A i ka wā o ka makahiki, ka ulu ʻana o ka pilikia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēlā mau hōʻino, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻi cardiovascular, e hoʻonui nui ʻia. Hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia e nā maʻi like ʻole, nā hana ʻino, ke ʻike ʻana i ke kaumaha.

ʻO nā lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke loaʻa i ka nui o ka nui e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka paʻa i nā hopena, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea ʻole "maikaʻi ʻole" i loko o kā lākou manaʻo. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mana o kā mana! ʻO ke kolamu o ka launa mua i "ʻoluʻolu" i hoʻopili ʻia i ka membrane o nā ahe o nā vinal lining. Akā, hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia i ka hiki ʻole i loko o lākou, luku iā ia, a ke hele nei ma mua o ka endothelium - i ka mānoanoa o ka paia arterial. No laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hua lāʻau atherosclerotic, e hoʻemi i ka lumen o nā kīʻaha koko a ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka atherosclerosis.

No laila pehea e pili ai ka palani a me ka kolamu? No ke aha i kū ai ka hypercholesterolemia? A he aha ke ʻano o ka pathology e hoʻohuli i ka kānana nui o ke kino?

Synthesis o kolesterol ma ke ake

Hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Cholesterol i loko o ka kōa a mai ka pūpū o luna e hoʻopaʻa i nā palekikena i loko o nā puna o ka ate. E hele ana ke kaʻina ma o ke ʻano he 20 mau kaulahao, e hele i nā kikoʻī o ka manaʻo ʻole. ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o nā lipoproteins o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (he nui ka cholesterol a me ka liʻiliʻi iki). A laila, aia hoʻi i loko o nā ʻōpū, ma lalo o ka mana o nā enzymes kūikawā, ua wāwahi ka hapa o nā momona momona, a me ka ratio i ka momona o ka protein-protein e hoʻololi i kahi protein: loaʻa nā lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Komo lākou i ke kahawai a lawe ʻia i nā kino peripheral. Hoʻokele nā ​​poʻe maʻi i nā kolamu a hoʻohana iā ia no kāna kumu i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO nā koena o nā lipoproteins kahakaha me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hoʻoneʻe i ke kālai nui e hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai nā puna i loko o ke kahawai. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka hāmeʻe o HDL i ke koko, a komo hou i ka ate. Hoʻokahi hapalua o lākou me ke kumu no ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā waihā bile i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hua bile. Komo ia i loko o ke palaʻi a waiho ʻia ma laila. I ka wā ʻai, hoʻolei ʻia ka bile i loko o nā ʻāpana a komo i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Hoʻopau ʻia ka kolone nui a "hoʻopau ʻia e nā microorganisms peʻe, a lawe ʻia nā metabolites hopena i loko o nā feces. Hoʻomaka ka hapalua ʻehā i kahi pōkole ʻo lipid metabolism.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Cholesterol ma ke kōpū ma lalo o ka kāohi ʻana o kona kaohi ʻana i ke koko: me ka hypercholesterolemia, hāʻule ka synthesis, me ka hypocholesterolemia e wikiwiki ai. Hiki i nā hepatocytes olakino ke mālama i nā pae kolesterol maʻamau no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai me kahi nohona atherogen (ʻai nui i nā momona holoholona, ​​inu, inu waiwa luhi, kaumaha, hana ʻole o ke kino, obesity).

Akā he palena i nā mea āpau: pono nō e hiki mai i kahi manawa e hiki ʻole ai i ke pepelu ke hoʻoponopono pono i ka cholesterolemia. ʻO nā pilikia hilahila i loko o ke kino ke hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia e nā kumu nui ʻehā:

• ka lōʻihi loa a me ka pale ʻole ʻana i ka pauna o ka kolamu mai waho,
• ka nele a i ʻole ka hapa nui o nā mea nānā kau e hopu ai i ke kolamu mai ke koko,
• hoonuiia ai ka hana o ka cholesterol ponoa,
• kona ulu ole ana.

ʻO ka hopena i loko o ka meaʻai, ke ʻano o ke kino o nā mea i komo i ka hana a me ka metabolism o ke kolamu, e kūpono loa ka alakaʻi i kona huʻakai kino, a laila hoʻi i ka maʻi metabolic. ʻO ka mea mua, i kahi hoʻololi i nā waiwai physicochemical o ka hua bile, ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pōhaku i ka puʻuwai, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka LDL i ke koko, i hōʻike ʻia e nā huna atherosclerotic i nā paia o ka pa. I ka hopena hope loa, e pau nā mea āpau me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi pathology kūʻokoʻa: maʻi maʻi gallstone a me ka atherosclerosis.

Inā mākou e noho wale ma kahi syntproteins hoʻokahi hepatic hoʻokahi, e noʻonoʻo pono mākou i ka kikoʻī o ka ʻōnaehana "a me ka cholesterol": no ke ʻano o ka palaualelo i nalowale ka pilina pili?

ʻO nā maʻi e hoʻoili ai ka ate i ka nui o ka cholesterol

ʻO ka hōʻailona maʻamau o ka huina o nā kolamu ma waena o 3.6 a 5, 2 mmol / L. ʻO nā mea āpau ma waho o ka palena luna i kapa ʻia ʻo hypercholesterolemia. Hoʻopilikia ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi metabola me ka hypercholesterolemia ma muli o nā lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "cholesterol" kino.

No laila, no nā mea āpau e loaʻa ai i nā aʻai nā pupu e hana ai i ka nui o ka "hewa" kolamu?

1. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka lipoproteins koko (hoʻoilina, hypercholesterolemia alimentary, hypothyroidism, pancreatic a prostate cancer, diabetes mellitus, hapai ʻia, adrenal cortical hyperplasia, renal failed, a me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau), nāhelehele i hoʻohuihui ʻia ma mua o kāna mau huaʻala o ka cholesterol, me ka pololei wale nō. hana. Eia ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopiʻi i kekahi mea.
2. Hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka cholestasis. Hoʻomaka ka LDL e lele ma waena o nā paia o nā papa lepo dilated ma hope o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā hōʻuluʻulu ʻana a hōʻuluʻulu i nā mea i hāhā i ke koko. Ke hoʻomohala nei nā ʻano me ka cholelithiasis, blockage o nā kahe bile excretory e nā formum volumetric, ka hoʻomoʻi ʻana i nā paila intrahepatic ma o ke kino o nā mea haole e ulu ana i ka ate.
3. Me ka cirrhosis, piʻi ke kolikolo "maikaʻi" ma muli o ka hypertrophy o nā pona o nā ate i nā hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻonani ʻia lākou a hoʻopili ʻia e ke kiko fibrous. No laila, ma nā hapa hope o ke kaʻina, e hoʻi ka "maikaʻi" kolesterol i ka maʻamau, a laila emi ka haʻahaʻa i kona pae. I ka hopena o nā pathology, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka kolamu nui ma muli o nā lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hiki i nā hepatocytes ke hoʻoponopono hou iā lākou.
4. Hōʻike ka kūlana like me ka hepatitis o kekahi etiology a i ʻole hōʻino nā maʻi ʻalā, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka ate i ka synthesis synthesis. ʻO nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka kolamu e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o nā lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopau ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi.

Pehea e nānā ai i ke ʻano o ke akea

A laila līkī kekahi e hele aku e nānā i ke ʻano o ka ate. Hiki i ke kumu e hana ai kekahi mau maʻi neʻe:

• ʻO ka hōʻeha a luhi paha i ka hypochondrium kūpono.
• ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ate, i ʻole ʻike ʻia e ka nānā ʻana i ka ultrasound o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ʻia e ka loiloi iā lākou iho,
• hōʻoluʻolu, pinepine pinepine, ʻono i ka waha,
• ʻO ka lilo nui ʻana
• ke kūlana o ka noho ʻana o ka icteric i ka sclera a i ʻole ʻili.

No ka nānā mua, hana ʻia kahi ʻano biochemical o ke koko koko, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi nā hōʻike maʻalahi hana ʻeha. Mālama i ka hoʻoholo o ka nui o nā enzyme kikoʻī, ka nui a me ka maikaʻi o ka pigmile bile pigment a me ka nui o ka protein a me nā albumin i hoʻoili ʻia e hepatocytes. I mea e nānā aku ai i ka nui o ka cholesterol i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka puʻu, i ʻōlelo ʻia kahi lipid. Inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke kuhikuhi i nā noiʻi kūikawā kūikawā o ke ʻano hana o ke ʻano. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā hopena i ka hui pū ʻana me kahi loiloi i ke kiʻi ultrasound o ka nui o ka paila.

E like me he mea la, ʻaʻole i kaawale nā ​​hōʻailona maʻamau o ka ate i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypercholesterolemia no nā kumu ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai pono e mālama pono kēia ʻuhane koʻikoʻi, e like me nā koena.

He aha kēia

ʻO ke kolamu he mea ia e pono ai ke kino no ka hoʻomohala kūpono o ka iwi iwi, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hormones, ke ʻano o ka huaora, ka hana o ke kikowaena sentinal a me ka kūkulu ʻana o nā membrane.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ate, a he ʻāpana wale nō ia i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe a me nā kiko. Ma ke kino o kahi pākeke, e pili ana i ka 1 g o kahi mea i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā, i hana ʻia e synthesize i ka ʻoihana, hana i nā pūpuna, a synthesize i nā ʻano pūhui like ʻole. Ma hope o kēia mau kaʻina hana, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā lipid nui, a pēlā e mālama ʻia ai kahi kaulike ma waena o ka intake a me ka ʻai.

Role ma ke kino

Aka, i ka wā e ulu ai nā ʻāpana o ke akeʻai, a ʻai paha kekahi kanaka i ka momona nui, hopohopo ʻia kēia kaulike, a hoʻomaka nā lawelawe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o ke kahe wai, e alakaʻi ai i nā maʻi o ka cardiovascular a me nā papa hana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ke kumu no ka lawe ʻana i nā palaka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau: nā testosterone steroid, nā pakanui waha, diuretics a me ke koho kūpono ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi maʻi.

ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻonui:

1. Henereri predisposition.
2. Hoʻopiʻi Adrenal a me kou iho thyroid.
3. Ka nele o ka chromium a me ka vitamin E i ke kino.
4. ʻO ka laupili o Renal a me ka pohō.
5. Maʻi maʻi pancreatic.

ʻO nā mea nui nui ka neʻe i ka hoʻonui: nā kaʻai maʻamau o nā meaʻai momona, ka ʻai ʻana, ka noho ʻano maʻalahi, ka hele ʻana o nā hana maikaʻi. Hoʻopau pinepine kēia mau kānaka i ka hepatosis momona - kahi maʻi inā hoʻololi nā cell lūlū e nā lipids.

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi, hoʻomaka ka nui o nā hepatocytes i nā ʻalopelo - ulu i ka momona hepatitis, a i ʻole steatohepatitis. I kēia manawa, make nā selika i nā pehu a hoʻomaka e hoʻololi ʻia e ka ʻili hoʻohui, nā huʻi o nā mea pili o ke kino, ma muli o nā hōʻeha o ka maʻi, cirrhosis o ka nui a pulu paha e ulu ai.

ʻO ka Cirrhosis o nā kumu mai ke aneʻi pinepine ʻia e ka piʻi ʻana o ka cholesterol. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki ʻole i ka puʻuwai ke pale i ka wehe ʻana o nā lipids he nui mai ke kino, akā ma ka manawa like e hoʻomau i ka synthesize o kēia mau mea. I nā maʻi he nui me nā pathology hepatic, hoʻomaka nā waihona kolekola e hana, e hoʻonui ana i ka papa o ka maʻi.

Nā ala komo i ke kino

Hoʻopili ʻia nā puʻuwai a me ke kolamu e ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hua bile. No loko mai o nā molekika lipid ma ka hepatic ducts kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka hua bile, ma hope o ka hui pū ʻana me nā protein, komo i loko o ke koko.

ʻO ka momona momona ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka ate, decomposed, excreted i loko o ka pūpū liʻiliʻi a waiho i ke kino me nā feces. Me nā ala hepatic, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka synthesis a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka huahe, neʻe ʻia ka stagnation - ʻo kēia āpau ke alakaʻi i ka kolamu ma ka koko a me nā kiko.

Nā hōʻailona o ka hana lipid metabolism

ʻO ka Dyslipidemia a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻole i kau ai ka lipid metabolism e pili wale ana i ka ate, akā, kekahi o nā ʻano o nā kino ʻē aʻe a hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano aʻeha a kūpaʻa paha. A no ka pili ʻana o nā hana āpau i ke kino, hiki i ka hōʻailona kolesterol ke hoʻopilikia i ka nui o nā lipids ʻē aʻe: triglycerides, fatty acid, phospholipids.

ʻO ka hanaʻino o ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau lipid e alakaʻi i ka synthesis o nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā ke ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea maikaʻi ʻole he nui ka nui o nā triglycerides a me ka kolamu ma ke kino.

Nā hōʻailona nui o ka dyslipidemia:

1. ʻO ke ʻano o ka xanthomas a me ka xanthelasma ma ka ʻili o ka ʻili a ma luna o nā tendons.
2. ʻOi momona.
3. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ate a me nā kiko.
4. ʻO nā maʻi maʻi.
5. Hōʻino i kaʻeha.

I ka hana hewa ʻana o ka lipid metabolism, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona kūloko e hilinaʻi ana i ka nui a me ka nele o nā lipids.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā kiʻekiʻe lipid kiʻekiʻe:

1. Ke koko kiʻekiʻe.
2. Ke hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis.
3. Ke hoʻomohala nei o nā pilikia cardiac.
4. Nā Aliʻi.
5. Nā pane me nā hoʻopiʻi.

Me kekahi mau maʻi genetic, hana kino a me ka hoʻokeo lōʻihi, ulu nā dyslipidimia, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā lipids ʻaʻole i lawa.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā pae lipid haʻahaʻa.

1. ʻO ka luhi ʻana o ke kino.
2. ʻO ka ʻili maloʻo, exfoliation o nā kui.
3. ʻO ka lauoho lauoho.
4. Hoʻopilikia nā hanana ma ka ʻili, eczema.
5. ʻĀnisē
6. Nā huhū hua.
7. ʻO nā lawehala kāne.

ʻO ka hapa ʻole o nā lipids e alakaʻi i ka hūnā o ka hoʻololi o nā momona o ka momona i ka momona, i nā pilikia neurological, dysfunction thyroid. Inā ʻike ʻia kahi pae lipid haʻahaʻa i loko o kahi keiki, a laila pili paha ka noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo.

Nā hana hoʻohālikelike

Hōʻike pinepine pinepine ʻia ka cholesterol kiʻekiʻe i ka hōʻailona ʻike ʻia, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā diagnostics laboratorium. Hōʻike ka hōʻike ʻana o nā hōʻailona no ka manawa lōʻihi mai ka maʻi o ke kino mai ka metabolid lipid impaired. Hoʻomaka o kona kiʻekiʻe, me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ke kino, hoʻomaka me ka mōʻaukala olakino a me ka nānā ʻana i ka mea maʻi.

ʻO nā mea i loko o ka hoʻokolokolo mua.

ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ka mōʻaukala olakino maʻi, ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoilina.

ʻO ka hōʻike maʻalahi maʻalahi e hiki ke hōʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe ai ka cholesterol ke helu piha i ke koko.Akā i mea e loaʻa ai i kahi kiʻi maʻamau o ka lawehala, pono e ʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lipid a pau e hoʻohana ana i kahi hoʻolaha lipid.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ka kolesterol nui i ka 5.3-5.4 mmol / L, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ke koena 6 mmol / L, he nui aʻe e hōʻike ana i kahi hopena o ka hoʻopiʻi - ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā pathologies cardiovascular. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā pale haʻahaʻa a me nā hāmeʻa kiʻekiʻe, a me nā lipides kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole hana i kahi kuleana kūikawā, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻoi aku. Akā ʻaʻole pono ʻo ka nānā ʻana o LDL i ka 3.9 mmol / L.

I mea e hōʻike ai nā hōʻike i nā hopena i pono, pono ʻoe e pili pono i kēia mau lula:

1. ʻO ka lā ma mua o ka nānā ʻana, e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi o palaoa, ʻono a me nā mea ʻai momona hoʻi.
2. Mai kahi nui i ka pō o ka hōʻike.
3. Mai uwahi i ke kakahiaka a hiki i ka huki ʻia o ke koko.
4. I hoʻokahi lā ma mua o ka nānā ʻana, e hoʻāʻo e kāpae i ke kaumaha o ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka cholesterol ma ke koko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia mau ʻano e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka 100% o ka hopena. Hiki i nā mea like ke hoʻohālikelike i nā hōʻailona, ​​no ke laʻana, ke kauwela a me ka haʻahaʻa. No laila, i mea e hoʻoponopono pono ai i kona pae i ke koko, pono ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua ma nā limahana loea.

Pehea e hoʻoponopono maʻamau ai i ka hana?

No ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka kolala, pono ʻoe e kāpae i nā mea i kumu i hōʻino ʻia. Pono ka poʻe maʻi e nānā i kā lākouʻai a me ke kaumaha, hoʻoikaika i ka hana kino, hāʻawi i ka waiʻona. Ma ke alo o nā ala maʻi hepatic, pono pono kekahi e ʻike e ka poʻe loea a hahai i nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau e mālama ai.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau kaulana loa e hōʻemi i nā statins. Hāpau kā lākou hana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hana o kahi enzyme i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā lipoproteins low-density.

Ka hana o ka hana o nā statins

Eia kekahi, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke koikoi koko, hōʻemi i ke kaomi ma ka vein portal, pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā clots koko a me nā pā atherosclerotic, a loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena anti-inflammatory. Ua hōʻike ʻia ua hiki i nā statins ke hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka cirrhosis a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka hepatitis viral.

Nui nā hanauna o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia pūʻulu, akā nā loea iʻike i nā loina maikaʻi loa no ka pepeka, nā lāʻau lapaʻau: Simvastatin, Lovastatin, Fluvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin.

Hōʻalo nā ʻōmole Bile Bile i ka huahe, e hana ana i kekahi o lākou me ka hana i ʻole. Ma muli o kēia hana, hoʻohana aku ka puʻuwai i ka nui o ka kolamu e hana i mea no ka nele o nā huila. Kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e komo pū ana: Colestipol, Cholestyramine, Kolesevelam. Kūkulu pinepine ʻia nā ʻōnaehana o nā hua bile, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou he hopena maikaʻi loa i ke kino.

Hoʻolālā

Hoʻohui pū kekahi o ka Fibrates i nā waikawa bile - ke kāhea nei kā lākou hana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana o ka cholesterol a me ka triglycerides e ka ate. ʻO ka hana a nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hana ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hana o nā enzymes e wāwahi i ka lipine haʻahaʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa-haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi nā Fibrates i ka mana o ke koko, no laila ua kuhikuhi ʻia lākou no ka atherosclerosis a no nā poʻe maʻi i kōkua ʻole ʻia e ka ʻai a me ka mālama ʻana me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili nā Fibrates: gemfibrozil, fenofibrat, bezafibrat.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā Hepatoprotectors e mālama i ka hana maʻamau o ka nui a me ka huki ʻana i nā momona momona haʻahaʻa mai kāna mau cell. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia lākou i ʻāpana wale nō o ka lāʻau paʻakikī a no nā poʻe maʻi me nā path hepatic. Ka mea kūpono: Pono, Ursosan, Esliver, Heptor, Heptral Loaʻa ʻia kahi hopena hepatoprotective kūpono e ka hoʻomākaukau e pili ana i ka artichoke a me nā aila pākōla.

ʻO nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi i kona synthesis:

1. ʻO Omega 3, Omacor, ʻaila pāpaʻi - hoʻonui i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka "maikaʻi" cholesterol, kākoʻo i ka hana o nā kīʻaha koko.
2. Ka Lipoic acid - ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ate, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka paʻalepa a me ka momona momona.
3. ʻO ka huaora B12, B6, B9, ka momona nicotinic - hoʻemi i ka pae o kahi mea i loko o ke koko.

Nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻemi i ke kāpili o ka kolamu a hōʻemi i kona nui o ke koko, no laila pono ʻoe e koho i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau me kāu kauka, a hana pū i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wā e mālama ai i ka pono o ka hopena.

ʻO ka hana o ka meaʻai

I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ke kaohi molid a me ka haʻahaʻa kolene, pono ia e pili pono i kahi meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hahai ʻana i ka heluʻai 10 a i ʻole 14. ʻO kahi papa ʻaina i kūpono loa, pono ʻoe e nīnau i kāu kauka ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻokolohua.

ʻO kekahi meaʻai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka cholesterol e pili i ke kaina o ka palaoa, momona, paʻakai, ʻawaʻoki a me nā meaʻai i ʻokiʻoki. Nā kumuhana, nā ʻalā momona, ʻaʻole i kinai ka ʻākena ikaika. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hōʻemi i ka ʻai ʻana o nā sweets, ka berena, nā momona momona, iʻa a me nā huahana pāhana me nā mea momona momona.

ʻO nā huahana maikaʻi loa no ka ate:

ʻO nā huahana maikaʻi a maikaʻiʻole no ka ate

Mānoʻi ka momona - he nui nā huahana o nā pono e pono ai ke kino. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻai ʻana i ka momona o ka moa, ka maka a i ʻole ka mea kaupaʻa - i loaʻa iā ia mai 40 a 60 mg o ka kolamu. I loko o ka pipi momona - a i ka 100 mg, a i ka puaʻa - a hiki i ka 300 mg o ka cholesterol, no laila e pono ai lākou ke haʻalele i ka meaʻai a hiki i ka pae o nā lipids i ke kino.

Puhi ka nui o ka iʻa me ka kolamu nui loa: ma ka palupalu o ka cod ka mea o ka 250 mg, a me ka puʻuwai o ka burbot - ʻoi aku ma mua o 600 mg. No laila, hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia ka ate o ka iʻa mai ka meaʻai, a ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea maʻi e hoʻohana i ka salmon, salmon, halibut, a me nā sardines.

ʻO ka hopena o ka home

No ka hōʻemi i ka kolamu kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Tubage ke ala maikaʻi loa ʻo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ate. Hiki i kēia ala ke hoʻoneʻe i nā mea momona a me nā mea huʻalaʻa mai ka pehu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā puka bile mai ka hōʻiliʻili o ka bilirubin a me ka kolamu, a pale pū i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā pōhaku kolala.

No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, pono ʻoe e hoʻokahe i kahi punanui o ka magnesia a i ʻole sorbitol i loko o kahi aniani o ka wai hoʻomehana wai ʻole me ka wai ʻole a inu i ka hopena hopena. A laila pono ʻoe e moe ma kou ʻaoʻao ʻākau, e kau i kahi padahī i ka ʻaoʻao paleka a moe no 2 mau hola. Inā pilikia a ʻeha paha, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻōki i ke kaʻina a inu i kahi papa No-shpa a ʻo Papaverine paha.

ʻAʻole holomua ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hahai i nā lula e pono ai a hoʻomau i ka inu ʻawaʻī. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hopena o ka pānaʻi, ʻoi ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻohana i nā huahana e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke koko a me nā kīʻaha koko.

Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka ate ke hoʻohālikelike i ka hana lipid metabolism me aneane ʻole ke kumukūʻai kālā. He aha nā mea kanu kōkua:

Maʻa a maikaʻi e kuke i kahi decoction o nā lau nahele 3-4 - e lawe i ka nui o kēlā me kēia lau, hoʻohui a me kahi papa o ka hōʻiliʻili, ninini i kahi aniani o ka wai, mālama i nā minuke 20 i loko o ka ʻauʻau wai. E inu i kahi hapalua wai 3 mau manawa i ka lā.

1. I ke aniani o ka wai, e hoʻolapalapa i 90 g o ka palaoa o ka buckwheat, simmer no 10 mau minuke. E inu i ka g 100 i kēlā me kēia lā.
2. Knead 0,5 kg o ka hua o ka hawthorn, e ninini i ka 100 ml wai o ka wai anuanu, kau i ke ahi a wela i ka 40 degrees. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻaʻana, e hoʻolapalapa i nā huaʻa, inu i ka hupa hopena ma ka puna ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana.
3. Kahi i ka poʻo i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a me 11 mau lemona i loko o kahi kāwili ʻai, hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai anuanu (700 ml) a waiho i kahi hebedoma, haʻalulu i kekahi manawa. ʻO kahi huahana i kānana i ka 30 ml 3 mau manawa i ka lā ma kahi o ka hola ma mua o ka papaʻaina.

ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea lapaʻau ke hoʻonā wale aku i ka cholesterol nui loa a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ate, akā e hoʻoikaika pū i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. I mea e ʻike ai i ka hana pono o ka lāʻau i koho ʻia, e pono ʻia i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, hāʻawi i ke koko i ka pauku lipid.

Hoʻopilikia nā pilikia o ka lipid metabolism ma ka ate e hoʻomaʻa i ke ʻano o nā maʻi i hala a hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ala hou. ʻO nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi nui loa: atherosclerosis, maʻi puʻuwai, ka hepatosis momona, cirrhosis a me nā kano o ka ate. Pono nā poʻe ʻekekema a me nā poʻe kahiko e kiaʻi pinepine i ko lākou kolamu koko a mālama i nā hana pale e pale ai iā lākou mai ka piʻi ʻana.

Nā kuʻuna nui

Ma kona ʻano kūlohelohe, he kolikia ka mea hiki ke hoʻohui me nā momona momona. Aia ia ma nā pūpili o nā mea ola āpau. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ke kolamu ma ka ate e hele mai ma o ka hopena paʻakikī kūlohelohe kūloko. I nā kāne, ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana o kēia mau mekala kūlohelohe o nā mea ola ʻē aʻe. Ua hui pū ʻia ka kolone synthesized me nā kōmile ʻoi ma nā kumu intrahepatic. Nānā ka hopena i puka i ke kahe maʻamau. Eia i hoʻohui ʻia mai ka bile mai ka ʻōpū mai iā ia. E hui pū lākou, a komo i loko o ka popilla duodenal Vater papilla i loko o ka duodenum. Eia, nā huahana kolamu i ka hua bile e kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā meaʻai.

Pehea ka hoʻohuihui o ka mololi kolesterol?

ʻO ka HMG-CoA reductase enzymes i palena ka hana ʻana. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka paʻa o kēia kinona e mālama i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka cholesterol koko. ʻO ka synthesis o nā molekole kolesterol e loaʻa i nā hana he nui:

1. ʻO ka komo ʻana o ka suka acetate a me nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i pono no ke kāpili hou ʻia mai ke kahe mai ke koko.
2. Ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mevalonate. ʻO nā ʻano aniani me kahi aniani maikaʻi. Hoʻokumu nā huakini Hepatic mai nā paʻakai a me nā mea waiwai o ka waikawa acetic.
3. ʻOihana hoʻohuihui o isopentenyl pyrophosphate. Kū aʻe nā molekule ma o ka phosphorylation.
4. Hōʻailona squalene. Hoʻohui ʻia nā molekule o isopentenyl pyrophosphate i 6 mau ʻāpana. Hoʻohālikelike ka waiwai i ka pigment carotene i loko o ka hana ʻoihana a me ke koena he 30 carbon residues.
5. Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka lanosterol. Hoʻomaka ia e ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka wai mai squalene. He huahana waena o ia synthesis synthesis.
6. Synthesis o nā moleki kolamu. Loaʻa ʻia ia mai ke koena o ka lanosterol ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā kaomi a me ka ikaika.
7. Hoʻopili i nā molekole koloka i nā waikahe bile. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Bile, e komo ana i ka duodenum e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka meaʻai.

Māhuahua i ke kino

Mai ka puʻuwai, komo ke kolamu ma nā papa intrahepatic. Ma laila ua hui pū ʻia me nā waikili bile e hoʻolaʻa aku ai. Ke komo nei i nā kaila extrahepatic, ʻo ka hoʻohui hua ʻia e hoʻohui pū ʻia i ka bile i mālama ʻia i loko o ka gallbladder. Holo ka wai ma ka papila o ka duodenum e kahe ana i loko o nā wahi i komo ai i ka lawe ʻana o ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia no ka pono o ka cholesterol digestive komo i ke koko. Hana kēia me ke kōkua o lipoproteins. Lawe ʻia nā mea hoʻonaʻau Cholesterol i nā kino āpau a me nā ʻōnaehana. Loaʻa i ka meaʻai, hoʻomo ʻia lākou e nā ʻōpū, komo i nā moku lymphatic, a mai laila i loko o nā veins. Maanei, ua wāwahi ʻia nā mea kanu e ka hydrolysis i nā momona momona i lawe ʻia aku i nā io a me nā iwi adipose.

Pehea ia e hoʻohana ai?

Hoʻokomo nā molekole Cholesterol ma ka bile i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea ʻai. Akā ʻaʻole kēia wale ka hana. Hoʻolako ʻo Cholesterol i ka membrane cell ma muli o ke ʻano pālua o ka phospholipids. Uaʻike nō ia i nā paia o nā kahe, e hoʻoikaika ikaika ai. Pono pono ke kolesterol no ka hoʻohuihui o ka momona-soluble vitamin cholecalciferol. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana o nā glucocorticosteroids e nā mea kūpaʻa adrenal a me nā ʻenehana hoʻoneʻe wahine a nā kānaka kūmole gonadal. Mālama nā molekole Cholesterol i ka pā o nā ʻāpana koko kala, e pale iā lākou mai nā mea inu hemolytic. Hoʻohana lākou e like me ka conveyor no nā hoʻolālā lāʻau liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka kolesterol i ka hoʻohui o nā molekika lipoprotein o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka kūoʻo. ʻO ka mea hope loa he hana koʻikoʻi i ka atherogenesis. ʻO ka kolamu kino ʻino he lipoproteins palupalu haʻahaʻa (LDL) a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa (VLDL). Inā nui ka nui o lākou, aia kahi ulia o ka plika arteriosclerotic i nā moku.

Hoʻopilikia ka lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe (HDL) i kekahi mau hoʻololi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ko lākou nānā kiʻekiʻe i ke koko he hopena prophylactic i nā loli atherosclerotic.

Pehea e hoʻopuka ʻia ai kahi molekole kolesterol?

Inā ʻai kekahi kanaka i nā meaʻai momona, kahi hōʻailona e pili ana i kēia e komo i loko o nā pūnaewele i hana ʻia ai ka cholesterol. Ma ke kumu o ka ʻōlelo whakahoki, ua pale ʻia kāna mau huahana. Inā nui loa aku nā mea exogenous (e hele mai waho) a i ʻole ka endogenous (hana ʻia e ke kino) kolesterol, pono i loaʻa kahi hoʻohana. No kēia, aia kahi pilina ma waena o nā molekōlolo a me nā mea hoʻohui chylomicron e lawe ana i kahi ʻokoʻa o ke kino. Hoʻolaha ʻia kona hoʻopauʻana e ka hana kino kino maʻamau, ka hōʻole ʻana i nā hana ʻino, nā meaʻai kūpono me ka ʻai o ka pono o nā huaora pono a me nā minela. ʻO ka hana nui mai i kēia mau kaʻina hana no ka microflora ʻawaʻī. Hoʻopuka ka pōmaikaʻi huila i nā molekoli i loko o nā mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi e hiki ke hoʻopau aku mai ke kino. Mai nā lāʻau hōʻeuʻeu i ka wehe ʻana o nā statins a me nā vitotinamide huaʻai.

ʻO nā hana nui o ka cholesterol

Ma waho aʻe o ka meakanu he mea ia o ka palena nui (fluidity stabilizer) o ka membrane cytoplasmic, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana o kāna papana ʻelua ma muli o ke kau hou ʻana o nā molololi phospholipid, e hōʻike ana ka kololo iā ia iho he kumu-regulator o ka manawa o nā pā o ka cell, e pale ana i ka hemolysis koko (ʻo ka hopena o nā poʻipo hemolytic ma nā membula erythrocyte). . ^ E Ha yM.

Mālama pū kekahi a me ke ʻano kumu mua no ka hana ʻana o nā pūhui o ka hui ʻoihana.

• Nā huahelu corticosteroid
• hormones sex
• huaʻō nā hua ʻino
• ʻO nā huaora D-hui (ergocalciferorol a me cholecalciferol).

Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ke kino o kēlā me kēia hui o nā mea i lilo, e lilo ia i ka hōʻeha o ka ʻoluʻolu o ka meaʻai ʻaole koleko a i ʻole ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka pae o ke ʻano o kēia mau mea i loko o ke koko.

Ma muli o kona hikiʻole i ka wai, hiki ke halihali ʻia kēia mea e ke koko e hui pū ai me nā protein transporter (apolipoproteins), i hui pū ʻia me nā lipoprotein paʻakikī.

Ma muli o ka hele ʻana o nā mau apolipoproteins like ʻole (me ka ʻokoʻa o ka paona molekole, ko lākou kiʻekiʻe o tropism no ka kolamu, a no ka hiki ke paʻakikī o ka puʻuwai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ke koko, a me nā ʻano kūwili o nā crystals kolamu e hoʻokumu i nā plika atherosclerotic), kahiʻokoʻa o nā lipoproteins:

• ka palena kiʻekiʻe (HDL, a i ʻole ka mea momona kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole HDL-lipoproteins),
• nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDL, a i ʻole ka nui molahi haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole LDL-lipoproteins),
• haahaa haʻahaʻa loa (VLDL, kaumaha koʻikoʻi haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole ka māhele o VLDL o nā lipoproteins),
• chylomicrons.

I nā kiko o ka periphery, komo i ke kolikoli i nā chylomicrons, LDL a i VLDL, i ka ate (me ka wehe ʻana o ke kino) - ma ka lawe ʻana i nā apolipoproteins o ka ʻāpana HDL.

Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpiopio

I mea e hoʻohua ai nā poli o ka atherosclerotic mai kolesterol (a lilo nā ʻāpana "ʻelua" i ka pā i hoʻopuni ʻia o ka lāʻau a me ka "spacers" kūwila i ka wahi me ka ʻole o lākou ka neʻe o ka wahī o ka mahele e alakaʻi i kona ʻae ʻia - ka hāʻule o ka pūnaewele), a i ʻole nā ​​hamia. a i ʻole nā ​​huahana ʻē aʻe, ma ke kino e hana mua ʻia i loko o kekahi o nā wahi ʻekolu.

No ka mea, ʻo nā selika o nā ate (ko lākou cytosol a me ka endoplasmic hoʻōla i loko) nā mea nui o ka pūnao (ma ka 50% a i ʻole), pono e noʻonoʻo pono ke ʻano o ka hāmeʻa mai ke ʻano o nā hopena i hana ʻia ma loko.

ʻO ka synthesis o ke kolamu e loaʻa i nā papa he 5 - me kahi hoʻokumu ʻano:

• meval,
• isopentenyl pyrophosphate,
• squalene
• lanosterol
• kolala maoli.

He mea hiki ʻole ke kaulahao o ka loli a me ke komo ʻole o nā enzyme e hōʻiliʻili i kēlā me kēia ma kahi o ke kaʻina.

He wikiō ma ka synthesis cholesterol:

ʻO nā Enzymes i hoʻopili i ka hana o kahi mea

I ka hana mua (e pili ana i ʻekolu mau hana), ka hoʻokumu ʻana o acetoacetyl-CoA (ma aneinafter CoA - coenzyme A) e hoʻomaka ana e ka acetyl-CoA-acetyltrasferase (thiolase) ma ka hoʻopiha ʻana o nā molekele acetyl-CoA. Eia kekahi, me ka komo ʻana o ka HMG-CoA synthase (hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA synthase), synthesis mai acetoacetyl-CoA a me kekahi molekula o acetyl-CoA ꞵ-hydroxy-ꞵ-methylglutaryl-CoA hiki ke loaʻa.

Ma ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka HMG (ꞵ-hydroxy-ꞵ-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) e ke kāʻei ʻana o ka ʻāpana HS-CoA me ka komo ʻana o ka hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), nā hua waena waena, ʻoi aku ka cholesterol me ke ʻano (meval) )

I ke kinipōpili o ka isopentinyl pyrophosphate, ʻehā mau ʻano hana. Ma ke ʻano o ka mevalonate kinase (a laila hoʻohuli ʻia ka Mevalonate 1 a me ka 2 hou ʻana o ka phosphorylation i ka 5-phosphomevalonate, a laila i ka 5-pyrophosphomevalonate, a laila lilo ka 3-phospho-5-pyrophosphomevalonate i loko o 3 mauʻano. (me ke komo ʻana o ka enzyme kinase).

ʻO ka hana hope, ka decarboxylation a me ka dephosphorylation me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka isopentinyl pyrophosphate (i hoʻomaka ʻia e ka komo ʻana o ka pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase).

I ka hana ʻana o ka squalene, ʻo ka isomerization o mua ka isopentenyl pyrophosphate i ka dimethylallyl pyrophosphate ka hana (ma lalo o ka mana o isopentyl phosphatisomerase), a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia isopentenyl pyrophosphate me dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (kahi hana uila ma waena o C₅ mua a me C₅ lua mea) me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pyrophosphate gerany (a me ka wehe ʻana o ka molekole pyrophosphate).

I ka hana aʻe, hana ʻia kahi pilina ma waena o C₅ isopentenyl pyrophosphate ame C₁₀ geranyl pyrophosphate - ma muli o ka hoʻopulapula o ka mea mua me ka lua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā farnesyl pyrophosphate a ua hoʻohiki ʻia nā molekikala pyrophosphate e hope mai C₁₅.

Hoʻopau kēia hana ma ke ʻano o nā molekū pyrophosphate farnesyl ma zona C₁₅- C₁₅ (ma ke kumu poʻomanaʻo ke poʻo-i ke poʻo) me ka wehe ʻana o nā molekōnoho 2 pyrophosphate i hoʻokahi manawa. No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā molekika ʻelua, e hoʻohana ʻia nā wahi o nā pūʻulu pyrophosphate, kahi alakaʻi koke ʻia i kekahi, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka pondrophosphate presquale. Ma ka hōʻemi o ka NADPH (me ka wehe ʻana o ka pyrophosphate lua), kēia mea kikowaena waena (ma lalo o ka mana o ka squalene synthase) e lilo i ka squalane.

He 2 mau hana i ka synthesis o lanosterol: pau ka mua me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka epoxide squalene (ma lalo o ka mana o ka squalene epoxidase), ka lua - me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka epoxide squalene i loko o ka huahana hope loa o ka ʻina - lanosterol. Ke neʻe nei i kahi hui metil mai C₁₄ iā C₁₃, a mai C₈ iā C₁₄ ʻike iā oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase.

ʻO ka papa hope loa o ka hoʻopili ʻana me kahi ʻano o 5 mau hana. E like me ka hopena o ka oxidation o C₁₄ Hōʻulu ʻia ka pūhui methyl o nā lanosterol i kahi pūhui i kapa ʻia ʻo 14-desmethylanosterol. Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ʻelua mau hui metil a (ma C₄) lilo ka mea i ka zymosterol, a ma muli o ke kaʻe o ka pālua C₈= C₉ e noho mana C₈= C₇ ka hana ʻana o δ-7,24-cholestadienol e hele nei (ma lalo o ka hana a isomerase).

Ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i ka pilina paʻa C₇= C₈ e noho mana C₅= C₆ (me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o desmosterol) a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka pālua hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻaoʻao, ua hana ʻia ka waiwai hope loa - kolesterol (a i ʻole kekahi, cholesterol). ʻO ka "δ" 24-reductase enzyme "e kuhikuhi" i ka pae hope loa o ka synthesis syntesterol.

He aha ka pili o ke ʻano o ka cholesterol?

Hāʻawi ʻia i ka solubility haʻahaʻa o ka lipoproteins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDL), ko lākou makemake i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kolikoli kolesterol (me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā palaka atherosclerosis i nā kīhaka e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena o ka hoʻopiʻi o ka maʻi cardiov a me ka vascular), nā lipoproteins o kēia ʻoku i kapa ʻia he "kolamuʻino", aʻo nā lipoproteins kiʻekiʻe me ke kaumaha o ka molopala (HDL) me nā waiwai kū'ē (me ka ʻole o ka loaʻa o ka atherogenicity) i kapa ʻia ʻo cholesterol "ʻoiai" pono. "

I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka pilina o kēia wanana (ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino ke lilo i mea ʻole ʻole ke kōkua a ʻona wale nō paha), akā naʻe, ke noi nei nā hana no nā poʻe me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka vascular pathology e kāohi a hōʻemi iā LDL i ka pae kiʻekiʻe.

Me kahi helu ma luna o 4.138 mmol / l, ua koho ʻia ke koho ʻana i ka papaʻa e hōʻemi i ko lākou pae i 3.362 (a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi), kahi pae ma luna o 4.914 e lawelawe nei ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka maʻi ma ka hana hoʻoliilua i kā lākou hōʻemi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o ke kahe o ke koko o ka "cholesterol maikaʻi" ke kumu ma o nā kumu:

• haʻahaʻa kino kino (hoʻoikaika kino),
• ka pāʻai ʻana (ʻai i ka meaʻai), a me nā hopena he nui - ka momona nui a me ka momona.
• ka wai ʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia - me ka nui o nā momona momona, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kākoi (ka ʻūhū, nā muffins) a me ka hōʻino ʻia i nā ʻikepili o nā pectin, ka huaʻala, nā huaora, nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, nā waikawa polyunsaturated momona.
• ka hele ʻana o nā maʻi ʻonaʻohana kahiko (ka uahi ʻana, ka inu ʻana i ka ʻona ma ke ʻano o nā mea inu like ole, ka inu ʻana i ka wai make)

ʻO ka heleʻana o kahi patika maʻa ke ʻano like me ka hopena ikaika:

• maʻi maʻi
• nā hopena endocrine me ka hyperproduction o nā hormones o ka adrenal cortex, ka hapa o ka thyroid a i ʻole sex sex, a i ʻole diabetes mellitus,
• ka huaka a me ka maʻi hepatic me ka pilikia o kekahi mau manawa o ka synthes o nā lipoproteins "waiwai" e kū nei i kēia mau mea,
• dyslipoproteinemia hoʻoilina.

ʻO ke kaila o ka cholesterol metabolism ka mea kūpono i ke kūlana o ka microflora ʻawa, i mea e hāʻawi ʻia ai (a i ʻole i ke pale ʻana) i ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana o nā momona kai, a komo pū i ka synthesis, hoʻololi, a me ka luku ʻana i ka sterols o ka mea exogenous a endogenous.

A ʻo kekahi wīwī, e hōʻemi i ka hōʻike o ka "bad" kolepa alakaʻi:

• ka hoʻonaʻauao kino, nā pāʻani, ka hula
• ke mālama nei i kahi olakino olakino ʻole me ka inu ʻole a me ka waiʻona.
• ke kīʻaha kūpono me ka nui o ka hoʻoweliweli maʻalahi i ka haʻalulu, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā momona o nā holoholona o kahi hui saturated - akā me kahi nui o ka momona, nā momona momona o polyunsaturated, lipotropic factor (lecithin, methionine, choline), nā trace element, vitamina.

Video mai ka loea.

Pehea ke kaʻina o ke kino?

ʻO ka 20% o ka kolamu wale nō e komo i ke kino me ka meaʻai e hoʻopau ai - e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ke koena 80% ʻo ia wale nō; ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ate, ka hana synthesis e lawe ʻia ana e ka hope o ka endoplasmic reticulum o nā huaʻelima:

• nā ʻāpana
• nā kelepaʻi adrenal
• ʻōpala
• ʻōhua ulu kino.

Ma waho o ka hana papa kuʻuna no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka molekole kolamu i ho'ākāka ʻia ma luna, hiki nō hoʻi ke hana ia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hana no-mevalonate. No laila, ʻo kekahi o nā koho i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi mea mai loko o ka glucose (e hele ana ma o nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe a ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻē aʻe o ka mea nui).

Synthesis o Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate

Ke kūloi nei ke ʻano o ka mevalonate i ʻekolu mau manawa.

1. ʻO ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka acetoacetyl-CoA mai nā molekilua acetyl-CoA e hoʻohana ana i ka acetoacetyltransferase thiolase. He kūoʻi ka hopena. Noho nui i nā cytosol.
2. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA mai acetoacetyl-CoA me ke kolu acetyl-CoA ʻekolu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase). He hiki hou ke ʻano. Noho nui i nā cytosol.
3. Ka hana ʻana o ka mevalonate ma ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka HMG a me ka wehe ʻana o ka HS-KoA e hoʻohana ana i ka hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase). Noho nui ma ka GEPR. ʻO kēia ka mea mua e hoʻohuli i ka hopena i loko o ka mekala o ka biosynthesis cholesterol, a ua hoʻopau aku nō hoʻi i ka helu o ka biosynthesis cholesterol. ʻO nā fluctuations diurnal i ke kāpili ʻana o kēia enzyme i hoʻomaopopo ʻia. Hoʻonui ʻia kāna hana me ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka insulin a me nā hormone thyroid, hōʻemi me ka pololi, ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā glucagon, nā glucocorticoids.

Kūlana pae:

Aia kekahi mau ala ʻē aʻe o ka synthesizing mevalonate.

ʻO ka hoʻouluhua o ka isopentenyl pyrophosphate hoʻoponopono |