Naʻu pilina > Nā lāʻau lapaʻau

Mai nā hualoaʻa o ka hana noiʻi i hana ʻia ma ke Kulanui o Alabama ma Birmingham, e hahai ana i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o Verapamil e pili ana i ka hōʻemi o ka ʻaʻai wikiwiki ma ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi. Ua hana ʻia kēia hoʻolaha hoʻohiki ma ka Center Comprehensive Diabetes Center ma ke Kulanui o Alabama ma Birmingham, a ua paʻi ʻia nā hopena i ka hopena o Ianuali o ka Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (2016.01.021). I kēia lā, ke alakaʻi nei ke kikowaena mua i kāna hoʻokolohua lapaʻau mua o Verapamil (me ke kākoʻo mai JDRF).

ʻO Yulia Khodneva, MD, Ph.D., ka mea noiʻi a me ka haumāna postdoctoral ma ke Keʻena ʻo Preventive Medicine, e hui pū ana i ka Comprehensive Diabetes Center, ua nānā i ka pilina o waena o nā pākēneka kalima, ʻo Verapamil ma ke ʻano, a me ka hookeai ʻana i ka pae koko koko i waena o 5,000 pākeke. nā poʻe i hōʻike ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi i komo i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā KAINE.

Kauka o Kauka Julia Khodneva.

ʻO ka huina o 1484 nā mea maʻi e lawe ana i nā halepule e hoʻohana aku ana i ka mole o nā maʻi maʻi o ka pākeke, ua komo ʻo 174 iā Verapamil.

Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike i loaʻa i nā mea maʻi e lawe ana i nā konohiki alana palika, ma ka awelika, ʻo 5 mg / dl (0.3 mmol / L) mau haʻahaʻa serum glucose i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka poʻe i lawe ʻole ʻole i kēia mau lāʻau. I nā poʻe maʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka Verapamil, hoʻemi ka nui o ka serum ma ka awelika ma o 10 mg / dL (0.6 mmol / L), hoʻohālikelike me nā mea maʻi e lawe ana i nā blockers channel kalsi ʻē aʻe.

Ua hōʻike pū nā ʻikepili i kahi ʻano nui o ka glucose o ke koko i nā maʻi e lawe ana i ka verapamil huiia me ka lālani a me ka lālani wai: i loko o ka poʻe e lawe pū ana i ke kulu o Verapamil, nā huaʻōlelo waha a me nā insulin, ka nui o ka hōʻemi i ka pae koko i hōʻemi ʻia e 24 mg / dl (

ʻO 1.3 mmol / L) i nā maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi i lawe wale nō verapamil a me ka insulin, kahi i hoʻemi ʻia o ka helu koko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia 37 mg / dl (2 mmol / L).

"No ka mea, he papa loiloi papa wale ia ma hope o mākou e hana i ka lāʻau hoʻokolohua randomized trial Verapamil, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i ke ʻano o ka pilina kumu ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana o Verapamil a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko glucose i ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻi, akā ʻike maoli mākou e lawe nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko koko. "- ʻ Professorlelo ke kaukaʻi Khodneva.

Nā hualoaʻa i ka hui o ka hui o ka poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 1 a i ʻole ke ʻano maʻi mellitus o ka 2 mellitus i lawe ʻo Verapamil me nā mea noiʻi naʻauao i ka insulin.

“ʻO ka emi ʻana o ke kaʻe koko i loko o nā poʻe maʻi o kēia hui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka poʻe i lawe ʻole ʻia i Verapamil ʻo 37 mg / dl (2 mmol / l) - he mea ʻehā kēia a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o ka hapa ma mua o ka maʻi holoʻokoʻa ma waena o nā maʻi maʻi makua”- Ke hoʻomau nei ke Kauka Khodneva. "Ua alakaʻi kēia iā mākou i ka manaʻo ʻo ka Verapamil e hoʻohana nui ana no ka poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes type 1 a me nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi type 2, nā papa pancreatic. ua poino e hōʻino ʻia. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hana ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke pae hiʻona, kūikawā no ka poʻe i hōʻino kino i nā cell beta. ".

"He hana nui ʻo Kauka Julia Khodneva e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka ʻikepili a ʻike maopopo ʻia ka hopena o ka lāʻau ʻo Verapamil ma ka hana maʻamau o ke koko glucose i loko o ka mellitus maʻi diabetes mellitus""- ʻ commentslelo iā Dr. Anat Shalev, ka luna o ke Center Diabetes Integrated ma ke Kulanui o Alabama ma Birmingham, e alakaʻi nei i ka ʻepekema hoʻokolokolo olakino ma Verapamil.

"ʻO kēlā mau hoʻololi i nā pae o ka glucose koko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā mea maʻi e lawe ana i ka verapamil hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi kaila o ka Hb_A1c e pili ana 1% . ^ E Ha yM. Mai ia mea hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e hana ʻo Verapamil ma ke ʻano like me ka mea i ʻae ʻia i nā lāʻau maʻi maʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ke koena o ka glucose o ke koko i ka poʻe maʻi e lawe nei i ka insulin e kūlike me kā mākou hypothesis koʻikoʻi e kōkua ana ʻo Verapamil e hoʻihoʻi i ka hana o nā keʻena beta ” - hoʻohui iā Dr. Shalev.

Ua haʻi aku ke University of Alabama ma Birmingham i ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau e hiki mai ana o Verapamil i Nowemapa 2014, a hoʻomaka e huki i nā maʻi i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i Ianuali 2015. ʻO nā hopena mua, ma ke kumu e hiki ai ke loiloi i ka hopena o ka hopena o Verapamil ma ka type 1 diabetes mellitus, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e loaʻa iā ia ma kahi o 18 mau mahina.

I ka wā hoʻokolohua, hōʻike ʻia kahi ala e ʻokoʻa i nā ala i hiki mai no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, e ʻimi ana i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā pehu beta pancreatic, ka mea i hana ʻia e hana i ka insulin e mālama i nā pae glucose koko maʻamau.

I ke ʻano o nā makahiki he nui i noiʻi ʻia, ua hōʻike ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko ke kumu o ke kanaka kanaka e hana ka nui o ka protein TXNIP, ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā cell beta e pane i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻike mua ka hana i ka biology cell ma mua o ka hana. ʻaʻohe mea iki. ʻO ka nui o ka protein o ka TXNIP ma nā kōpaʻa pancreatic beta e alakaʻi i ko lākou make, ke pale nei i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka insulin, a no laila e hāʻawi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi mellitus.

Ua ʻike pū kekahi nā kānaka ʻepekema o Verepamil e ʻo Verapamil, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia e mālama i ke koko koko kiʻekiʻe, nā puʻuwai kū hoʻokahi, a me ka migraines, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pae o ka protein ʻo TXNIP ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kao o nā calcium ma nā papa beta. I nā mea maʻi mikiʻi me nā nui o ke koko he keu ka nui 300 milligrams no deciliter (16.6 mmol / L), hana lapaʻau ʻo Verapamil i kahi hōʻemi i ka calcium e like me ka maʻi diabetes Ua kū pono i ka ʻike.

I ka wā e hele ai, ua loaʻa i nā mea ʻepekema Kūkā e pili ana ka AMPK i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka hanu i ka hiamoe.

ʻO Verapamil, ʻo Verapamil kahi mea antiarrhythmic, hypotensive a me antianginal a hui o ka hui o ka līlani kalepa pālua, he poloka e neʻe ana i ka palaka kōneona o ka L-type. ʻO ka hana o ka verapamil e kaohi i nā kahawai calcium (ma loko o ka membrane kelepona) a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka kalapula o transembrane kaola.

ʻO ka hopena antiarrhythmic o Verapamil e hoʻolōʻihi a hoʻonāwaliwali i nā aʻa ʻana i ka naʻau, hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻokele atrioventricular a me ka waiatrial, a hoʻemi ʻana i ka automatism o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai. Ma muli o ka hana a Verapamil, ke hoʻonui nei ka nui o nā moku coronary o ka puʻuwai a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kahe koko coronary, kahi hōʻemi o ka makemake o ka oxygen i ka naʻau.

Ma nā ʻōnaehana ischemic i ka myocardium, kōkua ka verapamil i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻemi ʻana ma waena o ka pono a me ka hoʻolako o ka oxygen i ka puʻuwai ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻokahe o ke koko a me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka oxygen i hāʻawi ʻia.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Verapamil no ka cardiomyopathy hypertrophic, idenathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, pilikia hypertensive, hypertension arterial, angina pectoris (me ka kaina pectoris, angina postinfarction, angina pectoris, cardiac atriumal fibrillation, cardiac atrial fibrillation, koe wale nō ʻo WPW syndrome).

ʻO Verapamil e hua ʻia i loko o kekahi mau palapala hoʻohālikelike:

nā papa (hana ʻia e hanaʻoniʻoni, film-coated, hana lōʻihi),
ʻōmole huaʻā
hoʻonā wai hoʻonā
hopena no ka infusion (hoʻokō intravenous).

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Verapamil ma lalo o nā inoa kālepa inoa loa: Verpamil, Veracard, Verogalid, Isoptin, Lecoptin, Caveril, Falicard, Phenoptin, Vepamil, Verapamil, Calan, Cardilax, Dilacoran, Falicard, Finoptin, Ikacor, Iproveratril, Isoptin, Vasopil.

Naʻi maʻi mellitus

Diabetes mellitus, maʻi diabetes (e like me ICD-10 - E10-E14), maʻi mellitus (mai Greek 6, _3, ^ 5, ^ 6, ^ 2, `4, _1,` 2, - "profuse urination") - he hui o ka endocrine nā maʻi metabola i hōʻike ʻia e ka kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose (gula) i loko o ke koko ma muli o ke kūmole (diabetes 1) a i ʻole ka pilina (diabetes 2) pancreatic hormone insulin hema ʻole.

ʻO ka Diabetes me ka hana hewa ʻole nā ʻano āpau ka pāpaʻona: nā karamona, ka momona, ka protein, ka wai-paʻakai a me nā minerale, a hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi i ke ʻano o nā maʻi cardiovascular, maʻi renal failed, hoʻopōʻino i nā meaʻino, hoʻopōʻino i ka retina, erectile dysfunction.

ʻO nā hōʻailona nui loa ka maʻi pākī he mau makewai (DM 1 a me DM 2), ka momona o ka acetone mai ka waha a me ka acetone i loko o ka urine (DM 1), hōʻemi nui ka momona (DM 1, me DM 2 i nā hana hope loa), me ka nui o ka urination, ulia. ma nā wāwae, maikaʻi ke hōʻeha hōʻeha.

ʻO nā hoa kuʻuna o ka maʻi maʻi he mau glucose ka nui i loko o ka urine (gula i loko o ka urine, glucosuria, glycosuria), ketone i loko o ka urine, acetone i loko o ka urine, acetonuria, ketonuria), ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā protein i loko o ka urine (proteinuria, albuminuria) a me hematuria (ka toto occult, hemoglobin, ʻāwīwī ʻulaʻū ʻekaʻumi i loko o ka urine). Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pH o ka urine i ka maʻi maʻi maʻamau e hoʻohuli ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao acidic.

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 1, ka maʻi type 1, (insulin-depend, juvenile) (ICD-10 - E10) he maʻi autoimmune o ka ʻōnaehana endocrine i hiʻohiʻona e ka maʻi kūʻiʻo ʻO ka hemahema o ka insulin, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana pale, no nā kumu i maopopo ʻole ai, ʻāhewa a luku aku i nā cell beta pancreatic e hana ana i ka insulin hormone. Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes type 1 ke hoʻopilikia i kekahi kanaka i kekahi makahiki, akā e ulu pinepine ʻia ka maʻi i nā keiki, nā ʻōpio a me nā pākeke ma lalo o ke 30 mau makahiki.

Kaomi a kaʻana iā ʻoe ma kāu mau hoaaloha:

ʻO ka maʻi mellitus type type 2, ʻo ka maʻi mellitus type 2 (non-insulin-dependant) (ICD-10 - E11) he maʻi non-autoimmune e hiʻohiʻona ʻia e ka maʻi pili ka hemahema o ka insulin (o ka hopena o ka nui o ke kūpaʻa o ka glucose i ke koko, ma muli o ke kuhi hewa ʻana o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka insulin me nā ʻāpana sela. ʻO ka maʻi diabetes type 2 ka mea e pā ai i nā kānaka ma mua o 40. ʻAʻole maopopo ʻia nā kumu o ka maʻi, akā ke pilikia ka poʻe me ka obesity.

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau ʻike koko no ka nānā mua ʻana i ka maʻi mellitus, a no ka nānā ʻana i ke ala o ka maʻi: ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana o ke koko glucose (maʻa mau ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka home, hana ʻia he glucometer no ka nānā ʻana i ke koko) a me nā hoʻokaʻina koko ʻōpiopio, me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻoliʻi glucose. ka hoʻohuihui glucose), hoʻokolohua glycosylated hemoglobin (glycated hemoglobin, Hb_A1c) a me kahi hoʻokolohua koko nui (kahi i hōʻemi i ka helu o leukocytes e hōʻike i ka nele o ka thyroid).

ʻO ka ana o ka ana no ka glucose o ke koko ka mmol / lita (ma nā ʻāina Komohana, ua maʻamau pinepine ka glycemia i ka mg / deciliter).

Nā Nānā

Nā moʻolelo a me nā wehewehe i ka lono "ʻO Verapamil e hoʻemi ana i ka hoʻokahe koko i ka maʻi diabetes."

Ke Kulanui o Alabama ma Birmingham, He Kulanui o Alabama ma Birmingham, ʻo UAB kahi mokuʻāina (lehulehu), ʻo kekahi o nā kula ʻekolu i ka pūnaehana o Alabama. Ma kāna ʻano hana i kēia wā, ua loaʻa ke kulanui mai ka makahiki 1969 (ma ke kikowaena papa kula ma ke kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ke kulanui, ua hoʻokele ʻia nā aʻo ʻana mai 1936).

18700 haumāna haʻahaʻa a puka haumāna puka.

Hāʻawi ke kulanui i ke aʻo ʻana i loko o ka hoʻolālā o nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao ma 12 mau keʻena kula, kahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ai nā loea i ke kahua o nā ʻano kanaka, kanaka, ʻona hoʻonaʻauao, ʻano hana, ʻoihana, ʻenehana a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ma ke kula olakino ua ikaika ikaika ʻia i nā hana lapaʻau, optometry, nā kahu hānai a me ke olakino olakino.

ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana i nā maʻi Diabetes a me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa Kauka - Kūkala ʻia ka Nupepa o ka International Diabetes Federation (IDF) no nā mea maʻi olakino a ua noiʻi ʻia e nā kānaka noiʻi, e hoʻopuka ana i nā mea ʻepekema mua kiʻekiʻe a me nā loiloi loiloi ma ke kīhī a me nā mahina e pili ana. Ua paʻi ʻia ka nūpepa e ka hui a Elsevier.

ʻĀina hōʻike hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo (hoʻokolokolo), ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau - kahi noiʻi ʻepekema i hana pū me ka komo ʻana o ka poʻe e nānā i ka palekana a me ka hana pono o kahi lāʻau hou, e hoʻonui i nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike mua ʻia a i ʻole kahi lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua haukaʻi he ʻano kikowaena i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā mea lapaʻau, ma mua o ko lākou hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻohana lāʻau ākea.

JdrfʻO ka Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation kahi aloha i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1970 e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano maʻi type 1. Aia kahi waihona nui o ka hoʻolālā ma New York, aia kona mau lālā ma ka hapa nui o nā mokuʻāina US, a me kahi mamao oʻEulopa (ma Australia, Canada, Denmark, Israel, Netherlands a me UK.

Kauka i ke Kauka, PhD, Ph.D. Philosophiæ, Kauka , ma ke Kulanui o Oxford - Kauka o Philosophy, D.Phil. - i nā ʻāina haole he mea ia e hoʻonaʻauao ʻia ai ka mea noi ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka pale ʻana i ka hana i kau ʻia - disertation maʻi kauka. ʻO ka inoa nui o ke kekelē he pilina kūlike loa ia i ka pilosofia, he mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia i nā moʻomeheu.

Ma ka hoʻonaʻauao Lūkini, ua kūpono kūpono ke kiʻekiʻe o Kauka o Philosophy a me ke kiʻekiʻe o Doctor of Philosophy.

I USA, loaʻa ka Doctor of Science i hiki i nā kaukaʻāina o kēlā me kēia (Sc.D. - Doctor of Science) i ʻike ʻia i kūlike me ka Ph.D.

ʻO nā noiʻi postdoctoral, nā noiʻi postdoctoral, i postdocs - i Western Europe, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me Australia, kahi noiʻi ʻepekema i loaʻa e kekahi kanaka ʻepekema hou nei i loaʻa iā Ph.D. Wahi a ia, ua kāhea ka ʻepekema nei i ia ʻano noiʻi like haumāna postdoctoral.

Nā mea ʻokoʻa paleka saluran kalepa, laka nā mākaʻi kalaiwa hāpau, BMCC, calcium antagonist - he hui heterogeneous o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā papa, dragees, hoʻonā i ka hopena intravenous a me ke ʻano no ka inikō, kahi like ka like o ka hana, akā ʻokoʻa i ka lehulehu o nā waiwai, me ka pharmacokinetics, hopena puʻuwai puʻuwai, selectivity kiko.

ʻO ka hana nui o ka hana ʻana o ka hakahaka o nā kalaka me nā pale o ka calcium o ka liker ʻO nā blockers channel kalsi, hoʻemi ʻia ka kahe o Ca 2+ i loko o ka cardiomyocytes a me nā selela hoʻoweliweli vascular, e hoʻonui i nā coronary arteri a me nā hāhā o peripheral, a me ka hopena o ka vasodilating.

Ua loaʻa i ka mea i pili i ka klinikokela mua nui o nā konohiki kalima, verapamil, i ka makahiki 1961 ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i nā mea hoʻohālikelike hou o papaverine, he hopena vasodilating. I ka makahiki 1966, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lua o ka calcium antagonist, nifedipine, a ma 1971, diltiazem. ʻO Verapamil, nifedipine a me diltiazem i kēia lā nā ʻelele ʻikepili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā lālani saluran kalepa.

OLELO HOOLAHA (The Reasons for Geographic And Racial Difitions in Stroke), he papahana i kākoʻo ʻia e National Institutes of Health (NIH), he hana ninaninau e ʻimi ana i nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i nā mea e hoʻonui ai i ka maʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi cardiovascular.

Insulin, he insulin ka protein protein peptide kūlohelohe, i hana ʻia ma nā pūpū beta o nā mokupuni pancreatic o Langerhans. He hopena nui ka Insulin i ka metabolism i loko o nā ʻili āpau, aʻo kāna hana nui ka hoʻemi ʻana (mālama i ka glucose) maʻamau (gula) i loko o ke koko.

Hoʻonui ka insulin i ka kūmole o nā membran plasma no ka glucose, hoʻihoʻi i nā kīnika glycolysis koʻikoʻi, hoʻoulu i ka hana o ka glycogen i loko o ka ate a me nā musia mai ka glucose, a hoʻonui i ka hana o ka protein a me nā momona.Eia kekahi, hoʻokaʻawale i ka hana a nā enzyme e wāwahi i ka momona a me ka glycogen.

ʻO ke aʻo kumu, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻāpana ʻānela, ka loiloi ma ke ʻano heʻatikala - kekahi o nā ʻano hana noiʻi, pili i ka helu ʻana o nā ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia no kekahi, ʻo kekahi manawa manawa.

Hoʻolaha hoʻokolokolo hoʻonā like ʻole noiʻi, RCT, hoʻokolokolo hoʻokele randomized trial, randomized control trial, RCT - kahi ʻano ʻepekema, maʻamau hoʻokolohua, ma laila ʻokaʻawale ʻia kona poʻe komo i nā hui ʻelua, nā kiʻi maʻamau. I ka hui mua, hana ʻia ka ʻili o nā haʻawina, ma ka lua, kaohi, nā ʻaina maʻamau a i ʻole placebo e hoʻohana ʻia.

Nā maʻi pancreatic, nā mokupuni o Langerhans - nā hōʻuluʻulu o nā cell-ngahasilkeun (endocrine) i nā ʻāpana, ʻo ka nui o ka hiʻu o ka pancreas.

He ʻelima mau huakaʻi pancreatic:

Hoʻopuka ʻia nā hōkū alpha cell (he antagonist insulin kūlohelohe)
Nā huna hua huna huna huna i ka insulin (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā protein receptor e alakaʻi i ka glucose i loko o nā sela o ke kino, hoʻihoʻi i ka synthesis glycogen i loko o ka pūpū a me nā ʻōpū, pale i ka gluconeogenesis).
ʻO kahi kelima elat Somatostatin-huna (ke kāohi nei i ka ʻōlelo huna o nā kelima he nui).
ʻO nā ʻōpili PP e huna huna ana i ka polypeptide pancreatic (ka ʻohi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo huna o ka pancreas a hoʻoulu ʻia ana i ka ʻōlelo huna ʻana o ka wai pekela),
ʻO nā cells epsilon huna huna i ka ghrelin (hoʻoweliweli ʻoluʻolu).

Ma ka huaʻōlelo "ʻo Verapamil e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻokahe koko i loko o ka maʻi mellitus", ua ʻike ʻia nā cell pancreatic ʻo ia hoʻi nā beta beta. ^ E Ha yM. Gogcob hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycogemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, Hb_A1c - kahi hōʻike biochemical o ke koko, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻākāka maʻamau i ka wai i loko o ke koko i ka manawa lōʻihi (a hala ʻekolu mau mahina).

1% Hb »ia_A1c_, i ʻōlelo ʻia e Dr. Anat Shalev e pili ana i nā mea i pili

1.3-1.4 mmol / lita. ʻOiai me ka ʻike ʻole pinepine o kēia hōʻailona, ke emi nei ʻo Hb_A1c aia wale nō 1% e ʻae nei: ʻo ka hopena o ka ʻapopili a i ʻole ka make ma muli o ka maʻi maʻi vascular i peripheral i hoʻemi ʻia e 43%, i emi iho ka hopena o ka cataracts paʻakikī (kahi i hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hana - ka lawe ʻana i ka cataract), a me ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi naʻau i hōʻemi ʻia e 16% nele. ʻO Thioredoxin e hoʻopili ana i ka protein, TXNIP, thioredoxin-interacting protein - kahi protein i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka huaʻāina o TXNIP i ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO TXNIP kahi lālā o ka ʻohana protein alpha-hopuin (i komo i ka hoʻoponopono o ka hana transduction i ka HVHF (G-protein hoʻohui gela).

Hoʻopili ʻo TXNIP i ka hana antioxidant o ka thioredoxin, ke alakaʻi nei i ka hōʻemi o nā hua oxygen hāmeʻe a me ke kaumaha cellular. Hana kekahi ʻo TXNIP ma ke hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻonaninau o ka cellular metabolism a me ka "ʻalelehana" o ka reticulum endoplasmic, a hiki i kahi hana he hapā o ka lāʻau.

Ua pili pololei ʻo TXNIP e pili ana i ka hyperglycemia (ʻo ka hyperglycemia i hāʻawi i ke kaumaha oxidative ma ke kāohi ʻana i nā hana o ka thioredoxin reductase (ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻike i ʻike ʻia e hōʻemi ana i ka thioredoxin).

I antianginal komo i ka hua nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka pectoris angina.

Hōʻikeʻike iā Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome, WPW syndrome he anomaline kongenital o ka ʻano puʻuwai, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka arrhythmia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi e ka paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias (atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tima tachyarrhythmias).

Hōʻike pinepine ʻo Wolff-Parkinson-White i ke kū'ē o nā maʻi naʻau - ka molal valle prolaps, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Ebstein anomaly. ʻO ka nele o Renal (e like me ICD-10 - N17-N19) - kahi maʻi o ka hana renal impaired, alakaʻi i kahi pilikia o ke aniani, electrolyte, ka wai, a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka metabolism, hiki ke hele pū, me ka oliguria, polyuria, proteinuria (ka nui o ka huina i loko o ka urine) , glucosuria (ketonuria komo pū i ka maʻi diabetes), hoʻololi i ka paʻakai i ka urine, uremia, hematuria, anemia, dyspepsia, hypertension.

ʻO ka hana ʻole o ka renal acute (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka renal, e like me ICD-10 - N17) - he hōʻeha poʻohiwi ka hana o ka hana ʻole i ka hana hoʻomā i ka kānana a me ka hoʻihoʻi.

Hoʻopau ʻole nā hopena hanaliki (CRF, e like me ICD-10 - N18) kahi kūlana, ma muli o ka hopena o ka maʻi ʻōpiopio, ʻo ka make kaʻe iki ʻana o ka ʻōpū o ka pēpē.

33% o nā hihia) a me ke koko kiʻekiʻe (arterial).

ʻO 25% o nā hihia). I ka hapa nui, he mau maʻi kumu ʻo ia o ka renal.

ʻO ke ala maʻalahi maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi no ka ʻike ʻana i nā loli i ka pH o ka urine ka pepa diagnostic ma ka pH o ka urine, ʻoiai me ka maʻi maʻi ʻoi aku ka mea e ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pepa ma ka ketones.

Nā ʻilima - ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka momona, loaʻa ke kaumaha ma muli o ka adipose kiko ma ke ʻano o ka ʻai nui o ka meaʻai a me / a i ʻole ka pau ʻana i ka ikehu. I kēia lā, ʻo ka momona ua manaʻo ʻia he maʻi metabolic maʻi (e like me ka ICD-10 - E66), e ulu ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i hōʻike ʻia e ka nui o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino, no ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka kiko adipose.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka huapalapala me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hihia o ka morbidity a me ka make. I kēia lā, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kēlā mehe nui o ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano maʻi type 2.

Ke kākau nei i nā lono i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻepekema ʻAmelika ma waena o ka lawe ʻana i ka Verapamil a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose koko i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi mellitus, ʻo nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia he ʻikepili a me nā kuhikuhi o nā pūnaewele Pūnaewele, nā pūnaewele pūnaewele DiabetesResearchClinicalPractice.com, Nā Kauka. com, NIH.giv, JDRF.org, GeneCards.org, ScienceDaily.com, Med.SPbU.ru, VolgMed.ru, Wikipedia, a me nā nūpepa e pili ana:

Leia Yu. Ya. "Ka loiloi ʻana o nā hopena o ke koko o ka maʻi lapaʻau a me nā hōʻike ʻana i ka urine." ʻO ka hale hoʻopuka MEDpress-inform, 2009, Moscow,
ʻO Henry M. Cronenberg, Shlomo Melmed, Kenneth S. Polonsky, P. Reed Larsen, "maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā mea hoʻoliʻoliʻi." ʻO ka hale hoʻopuka "GEOTAR-Media", 2010, Moscow,
A. John Kamm, Thomas F. Lusher, Patrick W. Serruis (nā mea hoʻoponopono) "ʻO nā maʻi o ka puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko. Nā alakaʻi a ka European Society of Cardiology. " ʻO ka hale hoʻopuka "GEOTAR-Media", 2011, Moscow,
ʻO Peter Hin, Bernhard O. Boehm "Maʻa maʻi. Diagnosis, mālama, mālama i ka maʻi. " ʻO ka hale hoʻopuka "GEOTAR-Media", 2011, Moscow,
Potemkin V.V. "Endocrinology. He alakaʻi no nā kauka. ” Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻ Agencylelo Hoʻonaʻauao Kauka, 2013, Moscow,
Jacques Wallach "Nā Kauka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau. Encyclopedia Kaukaʻikaʻi ʻoihana. " Hale Hōʻikeʻike Exmo, 2014, Moscow,
Tolmacheva E. (poʻomanaʻo "" Vidal 2015. Hōʻike Vidal. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma Rusia. ” Vidal Rus Publishing House, 2015, Moscow.

ʻO ka ʻatikala kumu maoli "ʻO ka maʻi Diabetics e hoʻohana ana i ka verapamil he haʻahaʻa ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike". Unuhi ʻia e Julia Korn, nā hoʻohālikelike – limahana hoʻoponopono.