Insulin therapy (insulin hoʻomākaukau)

Aneane kokoke i nā maʻi āpau me ka maʻi hilinaʻi insulin a me nā mea he nui me ka non-diabetes-mellitus e mālama ʻia i ka insulin. Inā pono, hiki i ka insulin ke komo i loko o / in a me / m, akā no ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lā lōʻihi, ola ʻoi loa, ʻoi loa nā s / c injections. ʻAʻole hōʻoluʻolu hou nā ʻōiwi SC i ka neʻe ʻana o ka physiological o kēia hāmeʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻoneʻe iki ka insulin mai i ka kiko subcutaneous, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻonui wikiwiki o ka physiological i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka hormone i ka wā o ka meaʻai kai, i ukali ʻia e ka hoʻolilo ʻana o ka neʻe. ʻO ka lua, mai nā subcutaneous tissue, ʻaʻole i komo ka insulin i ka papa inoa o ka ate, akā hoʻi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana. No laila, ʻaʻole pili iki ka insulin i ka metabolʻema hepatic. Eia nō naʻe, me ka mālama pono ʻana i nā palapala lapaʻau, hiki i ka mālama ola ke kūleʻa nui.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka insulin i nā ʻano hana like ʻole (ka hana pōkole, ka hana ma waena a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o nā hana) a me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole (kanaka, bovine, puaʻa, hui ʻia bovine / puaʻa). Loaʻa ʻia nā insulins kanaka, ka mea i loaʻa e nā ʻenehana hoʻokolohua genetic i kēia manawa a hoʻohana nui. ʻOkoʻa ka insulin Porcine mai i ke ʻano o hoʻokahi waikawa amino (alanine ma mua o threonine ma ke kūlana 30 o ke kaulahao B, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kāna C-terminus. ʻOkoʻa ka Bovine i ka porcine a me ke kanaka ma ʻelua mau waikina amino (alanine a me ka valine ma mua o threonine a me isoleucine ma nā kūlana 8 a 10 o ke kaulahao A). A hiki i ke waena waena o 1970 ʻO nā hoʻomākaukau no ka insulin i nā proinsulin, nā peptides e like me ka pona o ka glucagon, ka polypeptide pancreatic, somatostatin a me ka VIP. A laila, ʻike nui ʻia nā insulins puaʻa maʻemaʻe i ka mākeke i ʻole o kēia mau kīnā. I nā makahiki 1970. i nā hana a pau e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka insulin kanaka recombinant.

I nā makahiki he 20 i ka makahiki 20, ua lilo ka insulin o ke kanaka i ke ʻano o ke koho i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi.

Ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa i ka waikawa amino amino, ʻano like ʻole o ka poʻe, ka porcine a me nā insulins bovine i loko o kā lākou mau mea physicochemical. ʻO ka insulin kanaka i loaʻa e ka ʻenehana hana hoʻohālikelike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wai ma mua o ka puaʻa, no ka mea he hui hou ʻo ka hydroxyl (ma ke ʻano he threonine). Ma kahi kokoke i nā hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka insulin i ke kanaka he pH kūleʻa a no laila kūpaʻa lākou: hiki iā lākou ke mālama ʻia i ka mālama ʻana o ka lumi no kekahi mau lā.