ʻO nā hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Amikacin 1000 mg me ka prostatitis

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi pauma keʻokeʻo, mai kahi pono e hoʻomākaukau i kahi hopena no ka hoʻokele intramuscular a intravenous.

ʻO ka mea ikaika e amikacin sulfate, ma loko o ka hue 1 hiki iā 1000 mg, 500 mg a 250 mg paha. Aia pū me nā mea kōkua pū i ka wai: wai, disodium edetate, sodium hydrogen phosphate.

Ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka maʻi ākea ākea ākea. He hopena antibacterial ka hopena, hoʻopau i nā ʻano o nā pale i kūpaʻa i ka cephalosporins, e hoʻopau i kā lākou cytoplasmic membranes. Inā ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo benzylpenicillin i ka manawa like me ke kuhi, ʻike ʻia kahi hopena synergistic ma luna o kekahi mau uaua. ʻAʻole pili ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā microorganism anaerobic.

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano a me ka ʻano

Loaʻa ka lāʻau lāʻau i ka pauna ma ke ʻano, kahi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ai kahi hopena no ka indramuscular a me intravenous injection. He ipo huki aihue ia i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā pahu bolo wai i loko o ka wai. Loaʻa kēlā me kēia kīhī amikacin sulfate (1000 mg). Ua waiho ʻia nā pahu he 5 a 5 paha i ka pahu kāleka me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

Ma hope o nā inikini intramuscular, hoʻokomo ke lāʻau iā 100%. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā ʻili ʻē aʻe. I ka 10% e nakinaki ai i nā kahe o ke koko. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā loli i ke kino. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia e nā keiki i ka hoʻololi ʻia no nā hola 3. Hiki i ka ʻike o ka amikacin i loko o ke koko koko me nā hola nui loa 1.5 ma hope o ke kūpaʻa ʻana. Hoʻololi ʻo Renal - 79-100 ml / min.

ʻO ka mea ikaika e amikacin sulfate, ma loko o ka hue 1 hiki iā 1000 mg, 500 mg a 250 mg paha.
ʻO ka ʻAikikin he hopena antibakopa, hoʻopau i nā ʻano o nā bacteria i kū i ka cephalosporins, e hoʻopau i kā lākou cytoplasmic membranes.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi pauma keʻokeʻo, mai kahi pono e hoʻomākaukau i kahi hopena no ka hoʻokele intramuscular a intravenous.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

Loaʻa iā Amikacin kahi hopena bactericidal. Hoʻopili ka mea hana ikaika me nā subSit 30S o nā ribosa a pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka matrix a me nā halihui RNA paʻakikī. Hoʻokūwīwī kīpī i ka hana o nā pūmua o ka protein e hana i ka cytoplasm o kahi papa bacterial. A maikaʻi loa ka lāʻau i ka:

• Holoi-negatif aerobic bacteria (pseudomonas, Escherichia, Klebsiella, serrations, Nā mea hoʻolako, enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella),
• Nā ʻōmai lau-Gram-positive (staphylococci, me ka paʻa o ka pale i ka penicillin a me nā hanauna o ka mua cephalosporins).

Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia i ka amikacin:

• streptococci, hui pūpū hemolytic,
• enterococcus fecal (pono e lawelawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hui pū me ka benzylpenicillin).

ʻAʻole pili ka hopena o ka lāʻau i ka maʻi anaerobic a me nā maʻi parasitos intracellular. ʻAʻole luku ʻia ka antibiotic e nā enzymes e hōʻemi ana i ka hana o nā aminoglycosides ʻē aʻe.

Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Amikacin 1000 mg

ʻO nā ʻōmaka no ka hoʻoponopono o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka:

• nā maʻi lēpa o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (pneumonia, exacerbation of the bronchitis chronic, purulent pleurisy, pulmonary abscess),
• septicemia i kumu o nā amikacin-sensitive bacteria,
• ʻO ka hana ʻino i ka ʻōpū puʻuwai,
• maʻi maʻi maʻi neurological (meningitis, meningoencephalitis),
• ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (cholecystitis, peritonitis, pelvioperitonitis),
• ʻeha a me ka maʻi ʻana o ka maʻi ʻo ka urinary tract (papahuli o nā pūpū a me nā puʻi, nā maʻi o ka maʻi o ka urethra),
• nā maʻi purulent o nā palepa palupalu (nā hōʻeha o nā hōʻeha, nā maʻi ʻelua i pā ʻia i ka maʻi pā a me nā hanana herpetic, nā ʻōpala trophic o nā ʻano ʻano, pyoderma, phlegmon),
• nā hana ʻeha ma nā ʻōpū o nā pelvic (prostatitis, cervicitis, endometritis),
• ʻeha nā lēpaʻi o nā iwi a me nā cartilage kūwili (septic arthritis, osteomyelitis),
• nā hoʻopiʻi postoperative e pili ana me ka komo ʻana o nā maʻi.

Nā huahana huahana

Hōʻikeʻike ʻikepili

• Paʻi: 1000 mg
• E hoʻokuʻu i nā palapala: pauka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hopena o ka hopena o d / i / a i / m o ka hoʻokomoʻana i nā mea kanu olana: ->
• Mea kī: fl.
• Mea Hana: Synthesis OJSC
• Kao hana: Synthesis (Lūkia)
• Mea waiwai ola: amikacin

ʻO ka pauka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi hopena no ka hoʻokele intravenous a me intramuscular - 1 vial:

Hoʻonui waiwai: Amikacin (ma ke ʻano o ka pālea) 1 g.

Lole o 1000 ml, 1 ʻāpana i kahi ʻāpana pepa.

ʻO ka pauka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi hopena no ka hoʻokele intravenous a me intramuscular keʻokeʻo o ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole hoʻi ke keʻokeʻo he hygroscopic.

Ma hope o ka hoʻomehana i / m, ke hoʻopili koke ia a me ka piha. ʻO Cmax i loko o ke kaila koko me ka hoʻokele i / m ma kahi awela o 7.5 mg / kg - 21 μg / ml, ma hope o 30 mau minuke o ka iv infusion i kahi pāʻaiʻi o 7.5 mg / kg - 38 μg / ml. Ma hope o ka loaʻaʻana o ka intramuscular o Tmax - e pili ana i 1,5 mau hola

ʻO ka awelika therapeutic koʻikoʻi me ka iv a me ka hoʻokele intramuscular e mālama ʻia no nā hola 10-12.

ʻO ka nakinakiʻana i nā protein plasma he 4-11%. Vd i nā pākeke - 0.26 l / kg, i nā keiki - 0.2-0.4 l / kg, i nā keiki hou: i nā makahiki hemo mai ma ka hebedoma a ma ke kaupaona ʻana ma lalo o 1500 g - a hiki i 0.68 l / kg, i nā makahiki he emi mai ka 1 hebedoma a kaupaona ma mua o 1500 g - a i oʻo i ka 0,58 l / kg, i nā mea maʻi me ka fibrosis cystic - 0.3-0.39 l / kg.

Ua hoʻolilo ʻia ia i ka hoʻonaninui (extracellular fluid) (nā kiko o nā abscesses, pleural effusion, ascitic, pericardial, synovial, lymphatic a peritoneal fluid), ʻike ʻia i nā mea kiʻekiʻe o ka uʻai, i ka haʻahaʻa - ma ka bile, ka waiū waiū, ka maʻi hoʻonaninani o ka maka, secretion bronchial, sputum a me spinal cord. nā wai wai. E komo maikaʻi i loko o nā ʻōpili a pau o ke kino kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka intracellularly, ʻike ʻia nā ʻike kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻōpū me nā hoʻokahe koko maikaʻi: nā māpuna, ka ate, myocardium, spleen, a ma nā ʻili, kahi e kohi ai i loko o ka waiwai cortical, nā hōʻemi haʻahaʻa - ma nā ʻōpū, nā kiko adipose a me nā iwi . ^ E Ha yM.

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻana i ka pona therapeutic modulate (maʻamau) no nā pākeke, ʻaʻole komo ka amikacin i ka BBB, me ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā meninges, piʻi nui ka uku. I nā hānau pēpē, ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ke kaaka ma loko o ka wai cerebrospinal ma mua o nā pākeke. Hoʻokomo ʻia ma o ka pāho Plental: loaʻa i ke koko o ka pūpū a me ka puna wai amniotic.

ʻO T1 / 2 i nā pākeke - 2-4 mau hola, i loko o nā pēpē - 5-8 mau hola, i nā keiki kahiko - 2.5-4 mau hola.E mau loa T1 / 2 - ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau hola (e hoʻokuʻu i nā depots intracellular).

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia e nā keiki ma ka kānana glomerular (65-94%), nui ʻole i loli. Hoʻololi ʻo Renal - 79-100 ml / min.

ʻO ka pharmacokinetics i nā hihia lapaʻau kūikawā.

Hoʻololi ʻo T1 / 2 i nā pākeke me ka hana ʻole kīnā ʻole ma mua o ka hopena o ka hōʻemi - a hiki i nā hola 100, i nā mea maʻi me ka fibrosis cystic - mau hola 1-2, i nā mea maʻi me nā mumū a me hyperthermia, hiki i ka T1 / 2 ke kumu pōkole ma mua o ka nui ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana. . ^ E Ha yM.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia i ka wā hemodialysis (50% i nā hola 4-6), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka dialy peritoneal (25% ma 48-72 mau hola).

ʻO Semi-synthetic ākea ākea-spectric antibiotic mai ka hui o aminoglycosides, hana bactericidal. Ma ka mākaʻi ʻana i ka 30unit subunit o ka ribosom, e pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi paʻakikī o kahi halihali a me ka mea hoʻouna aku RNA, poloka i ka synthesis o ka protein, a e hoʻopau pū i ka membiosa o ka cytoplasmic.

Ka hana ikaika i ka microorganism aerobic gram-hewa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Providencia spp., Enterobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Kekahi mau micro-positive microorganisms: Staphylococcus. (me ke kū'ē i ka penicillin, kekahi cephalosporins). Hoʻopau kūlike i ka Streptococcus spp.

Me ka hoʻokolohua ʻōwili ʻana me ka benzylpenicillin, hōʻike ia i kahi hopena synergistic e kū'ē i Enterococcus faecalis strains. ʻAiʻi mau nā microorganism ana i ka lāʻau. ʻAʻole i nalowale ka Amikacin hana i lalo o ka hana a nā enzyme e kaohi ʻole i nā aminoglycosides ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hoʻomau i ka ikaika i nā mana o Pseudomonas aeruginosa e kūpaʻa i ka tobramycin, gentamicin a me ka netilmicin.

ʻO kahi hoʻohui lāʻau o ka hui aminoglycoside.

I loko o / i ka amikacin e mālama ʻia ana i mau minuke no 30-60 mau minuke inā pono, na ka jet.

I ka hihia o ka hana renal excretory hana, he hōʻemi hōʻaiʻē a hoʻonui paha paha i waena o nā lawelawe pono. Ma ka hihia o ka hoʻonui i waena o nā ʻoihana (inā ʻike ʻole ʻia ka waiwai QC, a paʻa ka ʻano o ka mea maʻi), ʻo ke kikowaena waena o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻia ua hoʻokumu ʻia e kēia ʻatikala penei:

No ka lōnaehana iv (drip), inu mua ka lāʻau i ka 200 ml o ka hopena o 5% dextrose (glucose) a i ʻole he 0.9% hopena o ka sodium chloride. Pono ka ʻike o ka amikacin i ka hopena no ka hoʻomake ʻana ʻo iv no ka 5 mg / ml.

Interval (h) = serum creatinine concentration × 9.

Inā makemake ʻia ka lawelawe ʻana o ka serum creatinine he 2 mg / dl, a laila e lawelawe ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia (7.5 mg / kg) i kēlā me kēia hola 18. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka manawa, ʻaʻole e loli ʻia ka pākahi.

Ma ke kaʻina o ka emi ʻana o kahi pākahi me ke kau mau ʻana o ka make mau ʻana, ʻo ka nui mua loa no nā poʻe maʻi me ka hiki ʻole o ka renal ʻo 7.5 mg / kg. Kuhi ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o nā pilala e like me kēia ʻano iho.

ʻO ka dosis hou (mg), lawelawe ʻia i kēlā me kēia mau hola 12 = KK (ml / min) i ka mea maʻi ma ka maʻi mua (mg) / KK ka maʻi maʻamau (ml / min).

• ʻO nā maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻōpū (bronchitis, pneumonia, empyema pleural, ʻōpū o ka pūpū),
• sepsis
• Endoʻoliki septic,
• Nā maʻi CNS (me ka meningitis),
• nā maʻi āpau o ka ʻōpū ʻeha (me ka peritonitis),
• nā maʻi urinary tract (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis),
• nā maʻi maʻemaʻe o ka ʻili a me nā umulepa palepa (komo i ke ʻano o ka puhi ʻana, nā ʻōpū maʻi maʻi a me nā ʻōkuhi o ke ʻano o nā kumu ʻano mua),
• hopu i ka maʻi kikoʻeha
• nā hopena o nā iwi a me nā ʻuʻuku (me ka osteomyelitis),
• maʻi ʻeha
• maʻi maʻi postoperative.

• Nā neʻeneʻe nerve neʻe,
• pilikia hāpau a me ka uha i ka azotemia a me ka uremia,
• hapai
• hypersensitivity i nā māhele o ka lāʻau lapaʻau,
• hypersensitivity i kekahi aminoglycosides i ka mōʻaukala.

Me ka mālama aka, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau no ka myasthenia gravis, parkinsonism, botulism (aminoglycosides hiki ke hōʻeha i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka neuromuscular transmission, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā nāwaliwali o nā māla pale), ka puʻuwai, ka palaualelo, i ka wā neonatal, i nā pēpē mua, i nā maʻi makua, i nā manawa lactation.

Contraindicated ma ka hāpai ʻana a me nā keiki ma lalo o 6 makahiki.

Mai ka pūnaehana hana ʻana: ka nausea, luaʻi, hana i ka hana ate (hoʻonui i ka hana o ka transaminases hepatic, hyperbilirubinemia).

Mai ka pūnaehana hemopoietic: anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia.

Mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka pūnaehana kaila ma waena o ka pūnaehana neʻe o ka peripheral: hopohopo, hōʻeha, neurotoxic hopena (hoʻowalewale i ka naʻau, ʻuhuhi, puʻupuʻu, hoʻoluhi epileptic), hoʻopuka i ka neʻe ʻana o ka neuromuscular (hopu i ka hanu).

Mai nā naʻau sensory: ototoxicity (ke hoʻolohe lohe, vestibular a me labyrinth disorders, maʻi ʻole e hoʻohuli), nā hopena ʻona i ka vestibular apparatus (discoordination of movement, dizziness, nausea, utuka).

Mai ka urinary system: nephrotoxicity - nā hana pono ʻole o ka pūmaʻa (oliguria, proteinuria, microhematuria).

He maʻi kūlohelohe: ʻāwili i ka ʻili, ʻeha, ka holo ʻana o ka ʻili, ke kuni, ka edema o Quincke.

Nā kūloko kūloko: ʻeha ma ka wahi ʻoi, dermatitis, phlebitis a me periphlebitis (me ka hoʻomehana iv).

ʻAʻole pono i kūpaʻa ka lāʻau me ka penicillins, heparin, cephalosporins, capreomycin, amphotericin B, hydrochlorothiazide, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, nā huaora B a me C, a me ka potassium chloride.

ʻO ka palena loa no nā pākeke he 15 mg / kg / lā, akā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5 g / lā no 10 lā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka mālamaʻana me kahi / i ka hoʻomakaʻana he 3-7 mau lā, me kahi / m - 7-10 lā.

No nā pēpē mua ma mua, ʻo ka nui o ka pā kau mua hoʻokahi he 10 mg / kg, a laila 7.5 mg / kg i kēlā me nā hola 18-24, no nā pēpē hou a me nā keiki ma lalo o ke ʻano he 6, ʻo ka hopena mua he 10 mg / kg, a laila 7.5 mg / kg i kēlā me kēia 12 h no 7-10 lā.

No ka poʻe i puhi ʻia, e koi ʻia ka nui o 5-7.5 mg / kg i kēlā me kēia mau hola 4-6 ma muli o ka T1 / 2 (mau hola 1-1.5) i kēia ʻano maʻi.

Ka hopena hoʻonaninani - luhi lohe, ataxia, huki, maʻi urination, makewai, nalowale o ka makemake, nausea, puʻu, a kani a i ʻole ka manaʻo o ka mea i loko o ka pepeiao, ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana.

Pehea e lawe ai iā Amikacin-1000

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke kino me ke kōkua o nā injections. Pono ʻoe e ʻōlelo i kāu kauka e koho i ka regimen lapaʻau kūpono a heluhelu paha i nā ʻōkuhi no ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Ma mua o ka hoʻohana mua ʻana, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. No kēia, ke hoʻokele ʻia nei kahi mālama maʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili.

No nā keiki i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mau mahina a me nā pākeke, hiki ke koho ʻia nā koho ʻelua: 5 mg no 1 kg o ke kaumaha o kekahi kanaka 3 mau manawa i ka lā a i ʻole 7.5 mg no 1 kg o ke kaumaha o kahi kanaka 2 mau manawa i ka lā. ʻO ka papa aʻo o ka mālamaʻana he 10 mau lā. ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa i kēlā me kēia lā he 15 mg.

Lā ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kaʻina hopena i loko o ka nerve auditory.
Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Amikacin i kaʻeha pōkole.
Pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio i kāu kauka e koho i ka hoʻoponopono lapaʻau kūpono kūpono.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke kino me ke kōkua o nā injections.
Ma mua o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono ia e hoʻokau i kahi hoʻāʻo ʻokoʻa, no ka mea, ke mālama ʻia nei kahi maʻi maʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili.
ʻO ke papa o ka mālamaʻana me Amikacin i mau lā 10.

No nā pēpē hou aʻe, ʻokoʻa ka hoʻoponopono lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka mea mua, ua kuhikuhi ʻia lākou no 10 mg i kēlā me kēia lā, ma hope o ka emi ʻana o ka dosage i 7.5 mg i kēlā me kēia lā. Pono e hānai i nā pēpē ma mua o 10 mau lā.

Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka hōʻailona a me ke kākoʻo kākoʻo i ka lā mua a i ʻole ka lua.

Inā ma hope o 3-5 mau lā ʻaʻole i holo pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka mea e pono ai, pono ʻoe e nīnau i ke kauka e koho i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻŌpala Gastrointestinal

Hiki i kekahi kanaka ke loaʻa i ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka hyperbilirubinemia.

Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau i ka wā e lawe nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā ʻelemakule.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena kūloko me ka lāʻau lapaʻau e ʻeha.
ʻAʻole ia e ʻae ʻia e hoʻokele i ka kaʻa inā ʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻaoʻao: hiki kēia ke pilikia no ka mea hoʻokele a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī

Pono e hahai kekahi mau ʻōiwi i nā kānāwai kūikawā no ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hiki i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ke kuhikuhi ʻia no nā keiki inā loaʻa ka pono o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka hōʻeha.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā wahine hāpai i loko o kēlā mau manawa ke hilinaʻi nei ka ola o ka wahine i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau.
Ke papa ʻia nei ka lāʻau i ka wā lactation.

Hoʻopili pū me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe

Me ka hoʻohana like ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā hopena maikaʻi ke nānā aku. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā cosmetics, nā hoʻonā no nā lela pili kelepona me ka mālama ʻana i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana.

I ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau, kauoha ʻia e hoʻohana i nā mea i hoʻoponopono ʻia me ka makaʻala.
Me kahi overdose o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, make wai ka mea maʻi.Inā ma kahi o ka nui o ka lāʻau e loaʻa ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono kahi kāhea i kahi ambulance.

ʻO nā hui e koi ana i ka mālama

Me ka cyclosporine, methoxyflurane, cephalotin, vancomycin, NSAIDs, hoʻohana me ka akaʻala, no ka mea, he māhuahua ka ulu ʻana o nā koi. Eia kekahi, e makaʻala maikaʻi me ka diuretics loop, cisplatin. Hoʻonui ka hopena o nā hoʻopiʻi aʻo ka lawe ʻana me nā mea kiʻekiʻe hepatatic.

Hoʻolaha ka waipuna

ʻAʻole pāpā loa ia e inu i ka waiʻona i ka wā o ka hopena.

Loaʻa nā helu manuahi ma ke ʻano o ka hopena. ʻO nā mea lawelawe maikaʻiʻo Ambiotik, Lorikacin, Flexelit.

ʻAʻole pāpā loa ia e inu i ka waiʻona i ka wā o ka hopena.
ʻO kahi analogue kūpono o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka Loricacin.
ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa he lāʻau lapaʻau inā ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka.

Amikacin 1000 Nā manaʻo

Diana, 35 makahiki, Kharkov: "Ua kau ka urologist i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka cystitis.Lawe ʻo ia i nā manawa like ʻole, nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Kōkua wikiwiki, ʻike wau i ka hoʻomaha mai ka lā mua. He kūpono a hāpana a ke kumu. "

ʻO Dmitry, 37 makahiki, Murmansk: “Ua mālama au iā Amikacin me ka maʻi pneumonia. Kōkua ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka lawelawe ʻana i ʻelua mau manawa i kahi inikini. ʻOluʻolu a uku haʻahaʻa hoʻi. "