Hoʻomaopopo i ka Injectation Zinc Insulin no ka maʻi maʻi

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka insulin kristal zinc no ka maʻi (insulin "K" ultralente) - kahi mākaukau lōʻihi me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka insulin no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka insulininc kristal zinc kekahi o ka lōʻihi o ka wai-hoʻokaʻa gula i hoʻōki i ka 6n8 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana, hiki i ka hopena ke hiki i nā hola 16-20 ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana a hiki i nā hola 30-36.

Nā rula noi

ʻO ka nui o ka pakanā ʻana a me ka helu o nā inikini o ka lāʻau i ka lā no ke kau hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia maʻi, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka nui o ke kō i hānai ʻia i loko o ka urine i nā manawa like ʻole o ke ao, ke pae koko kō, a me ka lōʻihi o ka hopena hypoglycemic.

Hoʻomoe wale ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka insulin i ka subcutaneously wale nō.

Puka a Zinc Insulin Suspension

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka insulin kristal zinc no ka maʻi (Suspensio Zinc-insulini crystallisati pro injectionubus) he suspile suspile a crystalline insulin i loko o ka acetate buffer me ka pH o 7.1-7.5. ʻO 1 ml o ka pakanā ai ka 40 IU o ka insulin.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 5 ml a me 10 ml sterile i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

Nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau hōʻeha o ka insulin zinc no ka inake i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi mellitus type 1, e komo pū ana i nā keiki a me nā wahine. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana pono i kēia mea hana i ka terapi therapeutic no ka type 2 diabetes mellitus, ʻoi aku me ka hikiʻole o nā papa haʻahaʻa kōkōlima, inā pono, nā derivatives o ka sulfonylurea.

Hoʻohana nui ka Zinc insulin e hana i nā hoʻopiʻi o ka maʻi diabetes, e like me ka hōʻino ʻana i ka puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko, nā wāwae maʻi a me nā ʻike maka. Eia kekahi, he mea nui loa ia i nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi e loaʻa ana i nā hana hōʻeha koʻikoʻi a ma ka wā o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana ma hope o lākou, me nā mea hōʻeha a a me nā mea hōʻeha ikaika.

Hoʻolālā wale ʻia ka insulin zink penina no ke kipi subcutaneous, akā ma nā hihia maʻamau ke hiki i ka lawelawe ʻia ke intramuscularly. Hoʻokaʻawale loa ke alakaʻi o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka mea e hiki ai i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka maʻi hypoglycemia.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka helu ʻana o ka lāʻau Insulin Zinc no kēlā me kēia maʻi. E like me nā insulins hana lōʻihi, pono e lawelawe ʻia i 1 a i 2 mau manawa i ka lā, e like me ka pono o ka mea maʻi.

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka insulin zinc i ka wā hāpai, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ka hoʻomanaʻo i loko o nā mahina 3 mua e hali ana i kahi keiki e hōʻemi paha ka wahine i ka pono o ka insulin, a ma nā mahina 6 aʻe e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka nui. Pono e hana i kēia i ka wā e helu ana i ka nui o ka lāʻau.

Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana me ka diabetes mellitus a i ka wā o ka hōʻoki ʻana, he mea nui ia e kiaʻi pono i ka nui o ke kōpaʻa o ke koko a, inā pono, hoʻoponopono ʻia ka ʻano o Insulin zinc.

E hoʻomau ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka neʻe o ka glucose a hiki i ke ʻano maʻamau.

I kēia lā, ʻokoʻa ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā ʻaina manuahi i nā mea lapaʻau ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Lūkini. ʻO ka hapanui kēia o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻenehana o kēia wā, i haʻalele ai i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā pale lāʻau.

No laila, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka inoa inoa i nā kumu kūpono o ka insulin zinc. I loko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, kūʻai ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma lalo o nā inoa kālepa kālepa Insulin Semilent, Brinsulmidi MK, Iletin, Insulin Lente "HO-S", Insulin Lente SPP, Insulin Lt VO-S, Insulin-Long SMK, Insulong SPP a me Monotard.

He maikaʻi nā loiloi e pili ana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau. Nui nā maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi e hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia e hoʻohana ia no nā makahiki he nui. ʻOiai i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hoʻonui nui lākou i ia me nā mea hou aku o kēia au.

E like me nā analog o ka zinc insulin, hiki iā ʻoe ke kapa i kahi mākaukau me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā insulin. Hoʻopili kēia ma ka Lantus, Insulin Ultralente, Insulin Ultralong, Insulin Ultratard, Levemir, Levulin a me Insulin Humulin NPH.

ʻO kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi o ka hanauna hou. ʻO ka insulin i komo i loko o kā lākou huiʻana he mea hoʻohālike o ka insulin kanaka, i loaʻa e ka ʻenehana genetic. No laila, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ia i kahi i ka mea kūwaho a ua hoʻomau maikaʻi ʻia e ka mea maʻi.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka insulin e wehewehe i ke wikiō ma kēia ʻatikala.

Insulin (insulinum)

He hormon i hua ʻia e nā b-cell o nā mokupuni o ka pancreatic o Langerhans.

ʻO ka nui o nā molekole o ka insulin e pili ana i ka 12,000.ʻO ka hoʻonā, i ka wā e hoʻololi ai ka pH o ka palalā, ua hāhū ka molekina insulin i 2 mau monomers me ka hana hormonal. ʻO ka nui molekole o ka monomer e pili ana i 6000.

I ka molekōlani monomer i ʻelua mau kaulahao polypeptide, hoʻokahi o lākou he 21 mau kinika aʻa amino (chain A), ʻo ka lua ka nui o nā residu amino amino (chain B). Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā kaulahao e nā alahaka disulfide ʻelua.

I kēia manawa, ua lawe ʻia ka hana o nā moleki insulin.

Loaʻa i ka insulin ke mana kūpono e hoʻoponopono i ka metabolism ketone, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kō ʻana o ka glucose i nā kopa me ke kōkua ʻana i kona hoʻololi ʻana i ka glycogen. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka komo ʻana o ka glucose i loko o nā ʻāpana.

Insulin he mākaʻikaʻi antidiabetic kūikawā. Ke hoʻokomo nei i loko o ke kino, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kōpaʻa koko, hoʻēmi i kona excretion i loko o ka pīpī, hoʻohemo i nā hopena o ka maʻi kuhi maʻi.

ʻO ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka insulin i ka hope o kahi meaʻai kūpono.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana Insulin ma ka biologically (ma o ka hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kōpaʻa koko i loko o nā ʻōpena olakino). No hoʻokahi papa hana (UNIT) a i ʻole hui honua (1 IE), ka hana o 0.04082 mg o ka crystalline insulin (maʻamau) ua lawe ʻia.

I ka hoʻohui i ka hopena hypoglycemic, he kumu ka insulin i ka nui o nā hopena ʻē aʻe: he hoʻonui i nā hale kūʻai glycogen, hoʻonui i ka momona momona, hoʻoulu i ka syntept peptide, hōʻemi i ka ʻai o ka protein, etc.

Loaʻa ʻia ka insulin no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau mai ka pancreas o nā mammals (pipi, puaʻa, me kekahi mea).

I kēia manawa, me ka insulin maʻamau (insulin for injection), he nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hana lōʻihi.

ʻO ka hoʻohui o ka zinc, protamine (protein) a me ka mea hānai i kēia mau lāʻau e hoʻololi i ka helu o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi hopena hoʻohaʻahaʻa hilo, ke manawa o ka hopena kiʻekiʻe ("kiʻekiʻe" hana) a me ka lōʻihi o ka hana.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau lōʻihi ka mea i loaʻa i ka pH kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka inikini no ka hoʻonāukiuki, e hōʻeha ai i ko lākou injections.

Hiki ke lawelawe ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau lōʻihi ma nā mea maʻi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka insulin no ka injection, ka mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka mālama ʻana o nā maʻi i ka maʻi mellitus.

ʻO ka hana wikiwiki loa a ʻoi loa ka lōʻihi (ma kahi o 6 mau hola) e hoʻāla ʻia e ka insulin no ka maʻi ʻeha, kahi hana lōʻihi loa (10-12 mau hola) e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka hana ʻana o ka hau e nui ai (insulin), a ʻimi ʻia e protamine-zinc-insulin no ka inikini (a hiki i 20 mau hola), a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka insulin. protamine (18-30 mau hola), kahi ka hoʻihoʻi o ka zinc-insulin (a hiki i 24 mau hola), kahi hoʻokō o ka protamine-zinc-insulin (24-36 hola) a me ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka crystalline zinc-insulin (a hiki i ka 30-36 hola).

Ke koho nei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia ma muli o ka nui o ka maʻi o ka maʻi, ʻo kona papa, ka kūlana maʻamau o ka mea maʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka hihia, a me nā ʻano o ka lāʻau (wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaka a me ka lōʻihi o ka hopena hypoglycemic, pH, etc.).

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hana lōʻihi no ka poʻe maʻi me nā ʻano maʻalahi a me ka maʻi, i nā hihia i loaʻa mua i nā maʻi nā maʻi 2-3 a i ʻole nā ​​nui o ka inane o ka insulin (maʻamau) i kēlā me kēia lā.

Ma nā kūlana precomatous a me ka pōʻino maʻi maʻi, a ma nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole o ka maʻi mellitus me ka makemake i ka ketosis pinepine a me nā maʻi lēpaʻi, nā maʻi elongated e contraindicated, ma kēia mau maʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka insulin maʻamau no ka inikua.

Insulin no ka ʻeka (Insulinum pro injectionibus).

Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka insulin crystalline (me ka hana koi o nā mea he 22 PIECES i 1 mg) i ka wai i hoʻohuihui ʻia me ka acid hydrochloric.

Hoʻopili ka 1.6-1.8% glycerol i ka hoʻonā a me ka phenol (0.25-0.3%) ma ke ʻano he pelekane, ʻo ka pH o ka hoʻonā he 3.0-3.5. ʻAno kala pololi. Hoʻokuʻu ka lāʻau me kahi hana o 40 a 80 mau PIECES ma 1 ml.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi.

Hoʻololi like nā ʻaole ma kahi o ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi, ka hoʻākāka kōpī ma loko o ka pāʻai (i ka pae o 1 ED ma ka 5 g o ke kō i honi ʻia i loko o ka urine). ʻO ka maʻamau, nā ʻehā (no nā pākeke) mai 10 a 20 mau pūʻulu i ka lā. Ma ka manawa like, ua kuhikuhi ʻia kahi meaʻai kūpono.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka insulin a me ke koho ʻana o nā doses i lalo o ka kaohi o ke kō o ka honi i loko o ka urine a me ke koko a me ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano nui o ka mea maʻi.

I ka coma maʻi koma, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka insulin i ka 100 IU a i hoʻokahi manawa hou paha i kēlā me kēia lā (i ka manawa like, a hāʻawi ka mea maʻi i kahi maʻi glucose intravenous).

ʻO ka inulin no ka injection kahi hopena wikiwiki a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kō. Hōʻike pinepine ka hopena i loko o 15-30 mau minuke ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana, ka "peak" o ka hana - ma hope o 2-4 mau hola, ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka hana a hiki i 6 mau hola.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā manawa 1-3 i ka lā, e mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma lalo o ka ʻili a i ʻole intramuscularly 15-20 mau minuke ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. I ka wā e lawelawe ʻia ai ʻekolu manawa, ua hoʻohele ʻia nā ʻōpapa no laila, ma ka hōʻaʻi hope (ma mua o ka pāʻina), e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi haʻahaʻa o ka insulin e pale ai i ka hypoglycemia nocturnal.

In Intravenously, e lawelawe ʻia ana ka insulin (a hiki i ka 50 hui) wale nō no ka coma maʻi maʻi, inā ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o nā inikini subcutaneous.

Ke hoʻololi nei mai ka lapaʻau ʻana no ka inikini no ka inikini i ka lāʻau hoʻoneʻe i lōʻihi, pono pono e nānā pono i ka hopena o ka mea maʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā lā 7-10 mua, i ka manawa e pono ai ke kau ʻana o ka lāʻau o ka lāʻau lōʻihi.

I mea e ʻike ai i ka hopena o ka mea maʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou, ua pono ʻia e hana pinepine i nā haʻawina o ke kō (ma hope o 2-3 mau lā) i ka kuki i hōʻiliʻili i nā wahi i ka lā, me ke ʻano o ke ʻano gula o ke koko (i ke kakahiaka ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole).

Wahi a nā ʻikepili i loaʻa, ʻo ka hola o ka noho ʻana o ka lāʻau lōʻihi e hōʻike ʻia i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka nui o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kō, a me ka manawa o ka hoʻokele hou (inā pono) o ka insulin maʻamau a me ka hāʻawi ʻana aku i nā kālaiā i nā meaʻai maʻamau.

I ka wā o ka hoʻōla hou ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka ʻike o ka kō i loko o ka urine ma kahi o ka manawa 1 ka manawa i kēlā me kēia pule, a ʻo ka nui o ke kō koko koko he 1-2 manawa i kēlā me kēia mahina.

ʻO ka dosis liʻiliʻi o ka insulin (4-8 mau papa 1-2 i ka lā) e hoʻohana ʻia no ka malnlin o ka nui, ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka furunculosis, thyrotoxicosis, nui ka luaʻi o ka wahine ʻōpū, nā maʻi ʻōpū (atony, gastroptosis), hepatitis, nā ʻano mua o ka cirrhosis kūmole (hoʻohuʻukū ʻia ka glucose i ka manawa like ( )

Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa psychiatric, hoʻohana ʻia ka insulin e hoʻonāukiuki i nā kūlana hypoglycemic i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano o schizophrenia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka insulin coma (ka pīhoihoi) e ka lā a i ka lā i ka subcutaneous a i ʻole intramuscular injection o ka insulin no ka inikini, hoʻomaka ʻia me 4 IU, me ka hoʻohui o 4 IU i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i ka hele ʻana o ka stupor a i ʻole coma.

Ke puka mai ka sopor, ʻaʻole e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka insulin i loko o 2 mau lā, ma ka lā 3 i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka nui e ka 4 mau pūʻulu a hoʻomau ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā pona a hiki i ka puka ʻana o kahi coma. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka coma mua loa he 5-10 mau minuke, ma hope o kahi e pono ai ke kāpae. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka coma i 30 mau minuke.

I ka wā hana, kāhea lākou i kekahi i kahi 25-30 mau manawa.

Ke kāpae nei i ka piko ma o ka infra intravenous o 20 ml o kahi hopena o 40% glucose. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka coma, loaʻa ka mea maʻi i ke kīpī me 150-200 g o ke kō a me ka ʻaina kakahiaka. Inā ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā glucose glucose intravenous, ʻaʻole e pau ka coma, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka 400 ml o kaʻaila i piha ʻia he 200 g o ka kō i loko o ka ʻōpū ma o kahi puna.

Pono ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka insulin i nā āpau āpau me ka akahele. Me kona overdose a me ka lalau ʻole o ka nui o nā pale, hiki i ka haʻalulu hypoglycemic hiki ke hōʻeha me ka nalowale o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hana cardiac.

Ke hele mai nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka g 100 o ka palaoa keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā ​​kuki, a me nā hua hou ʻia, 2-3 punetopala a i ʻole ka nui o ke kō.

I ka hihia o ka pīhoihoi hypoglycemic, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hopena o ka glucose 40% i loko o kahi vein a hāʻawi ʻia ka nui o ke kō (e ʻike i luna).

ʻO nā maʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka insulin ka poʻe i kū me ka hypoglycemia, hepatitis akula, cirrhosis, hemolitik jaundice, pancreatitis, nephritis, amyloidosis o nā pēpē, urolithiasis, ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū duodenal, nā ʻōpū o ka puʻuwai.

Pono ʻia ka mālama nui i nā maʻi me ka maʻi mellitus me ka hala ʻana o ka coronary insufficiency a cerebrovascular accident.

Hiki i ke hōʻeha ʻana i nā inikini Insulin ma muli o ka pH haʻahaʻa o ka hopena.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu i ka insulin: i nā hue wai kīwī, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻoihana hāpana me ka lele ʻana i loko o nā mea keleawe, 5-10 ml me kahi hana o 40 a me 80 PIECES i 1 ml.

Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka Insulin mai ke kīʻaha ma ke kuʻi ʻana me ka huʻu ʻo kahi syringe kahi kapa pāpale, i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka waiʻona a i ʻole ka iodine.

Kāohi: Papa inoa B. I kahi mahana o 1 a 10 °, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka manuahi.

ʻO ka insulin i loaʻa mai ka pancreas o nā kohola (ʻo ka whale insulin) he ʻokoʻa i ka waikohu amino acid mai loko mai o ka insulin maʻamau, akā kokoke ia iā ia ma kahi o ka hana o ke kō.

Hoʻohālikelike me nā insulin maʻamau, hana maʻalahi i ka insulinaceaceace me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia, i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ma lalo o ka ʻili, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hana ma hope o nā minuke 30-60 mau loa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o 3-6 hola, ʻo 6 mau hola ka lōʻihi o ka hana.

Hoʻohana ʻia no ka maʻi maʻi (maʻalahi a me nā ʻano koʻikoʻi).

Ma muli o ka mea i ʻokoʻa ai ka lāʻau i ka hana kemika mai ka insulin i loaʻa mai ka pancreas o nā pipi a me nā puaʻa, hoʻomaʻa mau i kekahi manawa i nā hihia i kū i nā insulin maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia nō i ka wā e nānā ʻia nā maʻi kūlohelohe mai ka maʻamau maʻamau (eia naʻe, ma kekahi mau hihia ʻo ka insulin pīpī kekahi i hana i nā hopena kūlohelohe).

E komo ma lalo o ka ʻili a i ʻole e intramuscularly 1-3 mau lā i ka lā. ʻO nā ʻōpala, nā hana mālama, nā hoʻopiʻi hiki, nā contraindications e like me ka insulin no ka inikini.
ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka insulin whale no ka maʻi diabetes, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka lohi ma mua o ka insulin maʻamau no ka maʻi.

E hoʻokuʻu i nā puka: i loko o nā hue hermetically i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā mea pīpī me ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea keleawe, 5 a me 10 ml me kahi hana o 40 PIECES i 1 ml.

Hoʻomoʻa: ʻike i ka insulin no ka maʻi.

Diabetes mellitus - hoʻomākaukau i ka insulin

Insulin-zinc-suspension "A" (ICS "A") - amincphinc insulin. Hoʻomaka ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hana i kahi manawa o 1-1,5 ma hope o kāna alakaʻi subutanutan a kū mau i nā hola 10-12 (ʻo ka hopena nui loa ka nānā ʻana i ka hola 5-7th ma hope o ke kūpaʻa). ʻO ka Insulin-zinc-suspension "A" ua like nō ia me ka lāʻau Dutch no "ʻehiku-tape".

Insulin-zinc-suspension "K" (ICS "K") - kaiino-kaila crystalline. Me ka ʻōkuhi subcutaneous, hoʻomaka kona hopena i nā hola 6-8 ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana. Loaʻa ia i ka hopena koʻikoʻi ma hope o nā hola 12-18, a hoʻopau i hope o nā hola 28-30. ʻO kahi hoʻohālikelike o ka lāʻau lapaʻau "kaila ultra-tape."

ʻO ka emiʻana o Insulin-zinc suspension (ISC) kahi hui ʻana o ICS "A" (30%) a me ICS "K" (70%). ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o 1-1,5 mau hola a lōʻihi i nā hola 24. Ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻelua mau kiʻekiʻe o kāna hana - e nānā ana ma hope o nā hola 5-7 a me 12-18 mau hola, e pili ana i ka manawa o ka hana kūpono o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e komo pū ana i loko. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ka "paʻi hou".

ʻO ka B-insulin kahi mika, ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻona like o ka insulin a me ka lōʻihi o kahi mākaukau synthetically i hoʻomākaukau ʻia.ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hopena hypoglycemic hele i kahi hola ma hope o ke alakaʻi ʻana. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka hana a 10-16 mau hola. Hana ʻia i Kelemānia.

Kūpono ʻia kēia mau hoʻomākaukau ʻaina insulin lōʻihi i nā pahu wai 5 ml me kahi kiko o 40 mau waihona i hoʻokahi milliliter. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e lulu liʻiliʻi i ka hue a hiki i ka wā ke aniani ka lehulehu. Pono e hoʻohua ʻia e hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau lāʻau i ka subcutaneously wale nō. Kuhi ʻole kā lākou intravenous injections. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana iā lākou me ka coma maʻi maʻi.

Pehea e hana ai i nā inikini insulin?

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi e pono i kēlā me kēia lā nā inikini o ka insulin (i kekahi mau manawa i ka lā) e mālama pono. No laila, ua ʻike ʻia e aʻo ʻia e kēlā me kēia maʻi e hoʻokele i ka insulin ma kāna iho.

Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻōkuhi ma lalo o ka ʻili i ka wahi o waho a i hope o ka poʻohiwi a i ʻole o ka ʻūhā poʻohiwi. Inā hōʻehaʻeha ka mea maʻi i ka insulin ma kona pono iho, ʻoi loa ia e hana i kēia ma ka hema a i hema paha (mai waho), ma nā ʻoki a i ʻole wahi o ka ʻōpū.

No nā inikini, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā syringe i hoʻohui ʻia ʻo “insulin” poʻomanaʻo a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ʻo nā syringes liʻiliʻi (1-2 ml) me 0.1 ml kahelehele.

Ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka insulin, pono e hoʻoholo i mua o ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e paʻi ʻia i loko o ka syringe (ma kēia hihia, e alakaʻi ʻia e ka haukapila i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka).

Eia ka laʻana: inā he 40 mau pūʻulu o ka inika i loaʻa i ka ъ ml o ka lāʻau, a pono ke komo ka mea maʻi i nā papa he 20, a laila e huki ʻia ka 0.5 ml o ka insulin i loko o ka syringe, kahi e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā māhele 5 o kahi 1-gram a me 2.5 mau māhele o kahi syringe 2-gram.

Hana ʻia kēia helu helu me ka syringe konane, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi syringe kūikawā no nā inikini insulin.

Ke hoʻoluhi nei, pono ia e nānā i ka sterility piha (i mea e pale ʻole ai ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi).

Ke maʻalahi ka ʻano o ke kaʻina o ka insulin a ʻaʻole ia e koi i nā kauka lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā. Eia nō naʻe, nā ʻōlelo mua a ke kauka e hana ai ma luna ona iho e mālama ʻia ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana o kahi kahu hānai a me kāna kōkua.

Ma mua o ka hana ʻana i ka inikua, pono ke ahonui me ka insulin, he syringe me nā ʻelua ʻelua, ʻoki a anatomical, ʻāpono a me ka momona, etil a me ka methyl alika (wai ʻona), he sterilizer, a i ʻole kīʻaha i koho ʻia no ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana i ka ʻāwili. He mea nui ia ka mea maʻi mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana e mālama pono i nā maʻi āpau a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ke kūpaʻa me nā injections. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ʻana ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO ka hōʻino o ka sterility hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hoʻopiʻi weliweli (abscesses, etc.).

Ma mua o ke kōkō, hoʻohemo ʻia ke syringe, a laila, me ka pūpū a me nā ʻōpio, nā kuke no nā 5-10 mau minuke i ka wai maʻemaʻe. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā syringe loea i ka ʻili ʻana a hui pū ʻia me ka ʻole e hoʻopā i ka maka o ka piston a me ka welau o ka syringe. Hoʻohui ʻia kahi pūpū ma ka syringe me nā tweezers, ka neʻe ʻana o ka pana i ke koena wai mai ka syringe.

Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka insulin mai ka vial e like me kēia: ua lawe ʻia mai ka pista o ka ʻāmiʻu i ka hōʻailona i kūpono i ke ʻano o ka insulin i koi ʻia, a laila hana ʻia ke kāpili mākaʻi o ka ampoule me kahi lāʻau e pono ai ma ka syringe.

Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau pono i ka ampoule (ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana i ka wai), hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ea i loko o ka syringe (ʻike ʻia kēia ma ka pākuʻi ʻana i ka piston). A laila, ma o ka ʻalo ʻana i ka hue, ua hāwele ʻia ka pūpū i loko o kahi ʻāpana o ka insulin. Ma lalo o ke kaomi o ka ea, hoʻomaka ka wai e kahe i loko o ka pū ʻwi.

Ma hope o ke kāhea ʻana i ka nui o ka lāʻau, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka pono a me ka syringe mai ka ampoule. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana, hiki i ka ea ke komo i ka ʻāʻā.

No laila, pono e paʻa ʻia ka syringe no ka manawa me ka pulehu, a laila hoʻokuʻu i ka ea a me kahi wai liʻiliʻi mai ia mea (ʻo ia ke kumu e hana mau ai ʻoe i mea nui i ka insulin i loko o ka syringe ma mua o kahi mea e pono ai no ka ʻaila).

Pono e holoi mua ʻia ka pūnaewele wili me ka hulu hipa me ka waiʻona. A laila, hopu ʻia ka ʻili me ka ʻōpala subcutaneous me ka lima hema, a hoʻopili ʻia ka pulehu me ka lima ʻākau.

Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻopaʻa i ka pono me ka lima hema ma ka hana me ka syringe, a kaomi ʻana i ke piston a i ka hopena me ka lima ʻākau, ma hope o ka huki ʻana i ka pono, ua hoʻohiʻā maikaʻi ʻia ka pūnaewele injectiona me ka ʻaka.

I ka wā o ka ʻōlelo huakaʻi, pono e mālama ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka make ʻole o ka insulin ma ka hana o ka pūpū me ka syringe (e hoʻohana wale i nā nira pono e hoʻopili i ka pili o ka wehe ʻana o ka syringe).

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole ma kahi kaʻina holoʻokoʻa ka hakahaka o kēlā mau pilikia. Loaʻa i ka mea maʻi ka mua i nā pono e pono ai. Pono wale ia e mālama pono i nā kānāwai āpau a me nā mālama mua.

Ua hoʻohuli ʻo Insulin i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. Akā ʻo ka lapaʻau me kona kōkua, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole kūkaʻa mai kekahi mau haki: pono e lawelawe i ka insulin ma ke ʻano o nā inikina 2-3, a i kekahi manawa he 4 i ka lā, e ʻike ʻia ana kekahi hypoglycemia (inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hahai i ka ʻai), i kekahi mau hihia intolerance, abscesses ma hope o ka lele ʻana, etc.

ʻO ka insulin kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia. No laila, ʻo kekahi hoʻohana i kekahi manawa ke kumu o kahi alerine maʻi o ke kino. ʻO ia ke kumu e hōʻike ʻia ai e hoʻololi i nā ʻano hana o ka insulin i hoʻokō ʻia. I kekahi o nā maʻi, ua maʻi maʻamau ka insulin.

ʻAʻole ulu ke hoʻomau i ka insulin. Hiki iā ia ke maʻalahi maʻalahi, i kēia manawa, i ka manawa ke ʻano like ʻole nā ​​loea hypoglycemic e lawe ʻia e nā maʻi ma ka waha. Hoʻopili kēia me ka waiʻaila sulfonamide haʻahaʻa a me nā biguanides.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui i nā pūhui insulin zinc suspension (insulin zinc suspension, compound): ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, hoʻohana, contraindications a me formula.

• Nā mea hoihoi, reagents a me nā kikowaena

1 mika o kahi hopena kūleʻa pale wai e pili i ka zinc (ma ke ʻano o ka chloride) 47 g, sodium chloride 7 mg, sodium acetate 1,4 mg, methyl parahydroxybenzoate 1 mg, me ka sodium hydroxide a me ka hydrochloric acid (no ka hoʻoponopono pH), i loko o 10 ml vial , I loko o kahi kāleka kāleka 1 pahu.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hoʻomakeʻa zinc insulin hana i hana ʻia e Novo Nordisk ma lalo o nā kūlana aseptic i ka pae i hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kauka e like me ka nui o ka maʻi (ʻo ia ka nui o nā keiki) a me nā palena o nā loiloi manuahi ʻo syringes.

Ma kahi wahiʻeleʻele i ka mahana o 2 8 C. I loko o ka friji. Mālama ʻia i kahi wahi i pale ʻia mai loko mai o ka lā e ʻae ʻia i ke keʻena o ka lumi i kiʻekiʻe ʻole ma mua o 25 C no 6 mau pule.

E mālama i nā keiki.

2 makahiki Hoʻopiliʻia i 10 IU / ml, paʻa mau ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā inikini no 2 mau wiki inā mālama ʻia i loko o ka friji ʻaʻole kokoke loa i ke kao manu ma kahi mahana o 2-8 C.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā maʻi pāpaʻa i nā ʻāpana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ke puka nei i ka nui i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻia, kaumaha nui o ke kino, kaʻai ʻole, a me nā maʻi maʻi pū me ka huʻi a me ka hoʻopuka e hiki ai i ka hypoglycemia.

Ma ka manawa like, loaʻa i ka pōpoki ke hoʻomanawanui, maʻi nui, ka manaʻo mau ʻana i ka pōloli, ka puʻuwai wikiwiki a me ka puliki, makaʻu, hopohopo, a me ka nalowale o ka ʻohiʻelika ma nā wao. Ke kū nei kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​pono ke hōʻike koko e hoʻoholo i ke koena o ke koko a hoʻoponopono i ka mālama ʻia. I nā kūlana like, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi dropper me kahi hopena glucose.

Inā loaʻa ʻole ka holoholona i ka nui o ka insulin, a ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā inikini i ka manawa kūpono, a laila hele mai paha ka hyperglycemia (maʻa diabetesic). ʻO kēia me ka hōʻea o ka makewai nui, ka anorexia, ke hiamoe a me ka lethargy.

Hāʻawi ka puhi i ka inikua mua i ke kakahiaka ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o ka hānai e pono ke 50% o ka nui o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hānai lua ma hope o nā hola 12 a ma hope iho o ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka lāʻau.

Kuhi ʻia i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka ʻaoʻao. ʻOiai ke hoʻohana mau nei i ka caninsulin hiki i ka lipodystrophy. Mai hāʻawi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā holoholona me ka haʻahaʻa koko haʻahaʻa (hypoglycemia).

E10 Insulin-dependence diabetes mellitus E11 Non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus O24 Diabetes mellitus i ka wā hapai

Nā Inulin Duration Medium. ʻO ka Monocomponent (hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi) puaʻa i hui pū ʻia me ka zinc-insulin. Loaʻa ma ke ʻano o kahi hoʻopiʻi kūlohelohe no ka maʻi maʻi e loaʻa ai ka 30% amorphous a me 70% insulin crystalline.

Lapaʻau

ʻO ka hopena lāʻau lapaʻau he hypoglycemic.

Hoʻoponopono i nā metabolism, nā lipids a me nā protein. Hoʻopili ʻo ia me nā mea hoʻokae kūikawā o ka membrane cytoplasmic o nā pā a hoʻoneʻe i kahi paʻakikī insulin. Ma o ka hiki ʻana o nā cAMP (i nā pūlima momona a me nā pūpū o nā pelu) a i ʻole ke komo pololei ʻana i loko o nā pūpuna (nā ʻōpū), a hoʻāla ka mea paʻakikī i nā hana intracellular, e komo pū ana

hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana o ka pūnaehana glycolysis koʻikoʻi o ka hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka glycogen synthetase i nā pōpoki ʻai (ati, nā mākala hoopoina) Hoʻolaha i ka permeability o nā membranes no ka glucose a me ka helu o kona hoʻohana e nā tolo.

ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka glucose koko me ka piʻi o ka lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, synt synthesis a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hana glucose glucose. He hopena kūlohelohe ia i ka wai a me nā minela ʻaila.

ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hopena e hilinaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano (s / c a i ʻole / m) a me kahi (wahi, ʻūhā, ʻūhā, ʻeke) o ka lawelawe ʻana, ka nui o ka inakeke, ʻōpū o ka insulin i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ia ka mea i kahele ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana āpau, ʻaʻole ia e komo i ka pale plenta a i loko o ka umauma. waiū. T1 / 2 mau minuke 5-6. Ua luku ʻia ia i ka insulinase i ka palau a me nā ʻeha. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia e nā keiki (30 80%).

ʻO ka maʻi mellitus type 1, ka mea i nā keiki a me nā wahine hāpai (me ka hana ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻai), type diabetes type 2 mellitus (me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi hypoglycemic waha i loaʻa mai i ka sulfonylurea), me nā maʻi kūlehu, nā hōʻemi hōkele ākea, ma ka wā postoperative, me nā hōʻeha a me nā kūlana kaumaha i nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi mellitus.

Nā Hoʻohui

Hypersensitivity, hypoglycemia, insuloma.

I ka wā hapai, he mea pono ke mālama i ka hoʻēmi ʻana (I trimester) a i kahi hoʻonui (II me III trimesters) nā koi o ka insulin. I ka wā e hānai ai, hoʻomau ʻia ka mālama mau ʻana no kekahi mau mahina (a hiki i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa mau ai ka insulin).

ʻO ka hypoglycemia (me nā koina nui, ka pihi a i ʻole ka hoʻolalelale ʻana i ka meaʻai, ke koʻikoʻi kino kūlohelohe, kū'ē i ke ʻano o nā maʻi a i nā maʻi paha, ʻoi aku ka palu a me ke ahulau): pallor, sweating, palpitations, insomnia, nā nui a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe a hiki i kahi coma a me kahi coma.

ka hyperglycemia a me ka maʻi diabetes (ma nā liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa, nalo i nā inikina, ʻai maikaʻi ʻole, ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano o ka maʻi a me ke ahulau), hele pū me ka wai ʻole, ka makewai, ka make ʻana o ka momona, ka puʻu helehelena a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, a hiki i kahi coma a me ke coma.

kūlohelohe, incl. kahi hopena anaphylactoid (loaʻa ʻole), ʻeha, angioedema, edema laryngeal, anaphylactic shock, hyperemia a me ka ʻeha ma ka wahi o ka maʻi (i nā hebedoma mua o ka mālama ʻana), lipodystrophy (me ka hoʻokō lōʻihi i ka wahi like).

Hoʻohui

Contraceptives ka waha oralal, lāʻau lapaʻau anti-inflammatory o ka maʻi, nā maʻi thyroid, heparin, hoʻomākaukau lithium, nicotine (ulaula), thiazide a me ka diuretics loop. Hoʻololi ka Ethanol a me nā disinfectants i ka hana (pili ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau) kūpono ʻole (ʻaʻole hiki ke hui ʻia) me nā mea i loaʻa i loko o ka phosphate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka zinc-insulin.

Ke keu

Nā hōʻailona: nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia, ke anuanu maloʻo, nāwaliwali, nā palu o ka ʻili, palpitations, haʻalulu, ʻeha, kuʻi, ʻōpū, ʻāwīwī, ka lehelehe, lehelehe, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻeha, i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, hypoglycemic coma.

Ka hoʻōho: no ka hypoglycemia maʻalahi a me ke aniani, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka glucose (nā papa glucose, ka wai huaʻai, ka meli, ke kō a me nā meaʻai a me nā momona a pau, me ka hypoglycemia koʻikoʻi, me ka hopohopo o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a me ka coma 50 ml o 50% o ka hopena o glucose glucose e hoʻopio ʻia e ka hoʻomau mau ʻia infusion o 5 10% aileous glucose mea hoʻonā, a i ʻole 1 2 mg o ka glucagon (i / m, s / c, iv), i kekahi mau kūlana, diazoxide iv 300 mg no 30 min nā 4 mau hola,

ʻO ka hypoglycemia (me nā koina nui, ka pihi a i ʻole ka hoʻolalelale ʻana i ka meaʻai, ke koʻikoʻi kino kūlohelohe, kū'ē i ke ʻano o nā maʻi a i nā maʻi paha, ʻoi aku ka palu a me ke ahulau): pallor, sweating, palpitations, insomnia, nā nui a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe a hiki i kahi coma a me kahi coma.

ka hyperglycemia a me ka maʻi diabetes (ma nā liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa, nalo i nā inikina, ʻai maikaʻi ʻole, ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano o ka maʻi a me ke ahulau), hele pū me ka wai ʻole, ka makewai, ka make ʻana o ka momona, ka puʻu helehelena a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, a hiki i kahi coma a me ke coma.

kūlohelohe, incl. ua hiki i ka anaphylactoid hopena (loaʻa) - lela, angioedema, edema laryngeal, kahi anaphylactic shock, ma ka wahi i hoʻonāukiuki - hyperemia a me ka ʻalolika (i nā mau pule mua o ka mālama ʻana), lipodystrophy (me ka hoʻokō lōʻihi i ka wahi like).

Contraceptives ka waha oralal, lāʻau lapaʻau anti-inflammatory o ka maʻi, nā maʻi thyroid, heparin, hoʻomākaukau lithium, nicotine (ulaula), thiazide a me ka diuretics loop. Hoʻololi ka Ethanol a me nā disinfectants i ka hana (pili ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau) kūpono ʻole (ʻaʻole hiki ke hui ʻia) me nā mea i loaʻa i loko o ka phosphate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka zinc-insulin.

ʻĀpana Pharmacological

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau o ka pūʻulu insulin-zinc-suspension e loaʻa i kahi lōʻihi elongated ʻokoʻa. Ke hōʻike nei ka nui o ka insulin-zinc-suspension A (amorphous zinc-insulin) i ka hopena nui loa o ke kōpona ma hope o 1 11/2 mau hola ma hope o ka maʻi maʻi, e lōʻihi ana ma kahi o 7 mau hola, a laila hoʻomaka koke ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. ʻO ka nui holoʻokoʻa o ka hopena o ke kōkōʻai haʻahaʻa o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau he 10 12 mau hola.

ʻO ka lālani insulin-zinc-suspension K (crystalline zinc-insulin) ka nui loa o ka hana o ka hana a hiki i 30 mau hola ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka hana kiʻekiʻe loa ma hope o 12 a 18 mau hola. ʻO ka peni insulin-zinc suspension (hoʻohui amorphous a me ke crystalline) i ka lōʻihi o ka hana a hiki i 24 mau hola me kahi hopena kiʻekiʻe ma hope o 8 a 12 mau hola.

Ke hoʻoneʻe nei i ka mea maʻi i kahi maʻi o kahi insulin-zinc-suspension A hoʻomākaukau, ka huina o nā helu o ka inehina i helu ʻia ma mua o ka mea maʻi i ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau inikua i ka lā i hoʻoiho ʻia ma mua o ka ʻaina kakahiaka.

Ke hoʻokaʻawale nei i ka maʻi o ka protamine-zinc-insulin a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano like ʻole o ka insulin-zinc-suspension (K a i hui ʻia) i ka lā mua ma mua o ka ʻaina kakahiaka, ua hōʻeha ʻia ka insulin maʻalahi i loko o ka nui o ka hapakolu o ka huina o ka nui o ka insulin i loaʻa i ka lā ma mua, a laila ka ʻōlelo mua i kuhikuhi ʻia. kahi kauka o kekahi o nā mea ʻona lōʻihi i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi nui e like me ke koena o ka lua-hapakolu o ka huina o ka lā maʻamau i ka insulin.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, mai ka lā aʻe, e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ai e ke kauka, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i hoʻokahi hōʻemi i kahi hana hoʻomohala ʻia e ka lōʻihi i ka lā ma mua o ka ʻaina kakahiaka a hoʻomau i ka hana i nā inikini insulin luhiluhi me ka hui pū me nā inikua insulin maʻalahi, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei.

Ke hoʻoneʻe nei i ka mea maʻi i ka inikini o ka protamine-zinc-insulin a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka insulin-zinc o ke ʻano o ICC a me ICSC, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia kāna meaʻai a laila ka nui o ka nui o nā meaʻai i momona i ka mea kalowa ma ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.

He mea koʻikoʻi kēia e hoʻokō i ka hopena hoʻemi i ke kō i ka wai i ka wā i ka lā me nā inikua o kēlā me kēia lā i ka lāʻau a pale i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō hypoglycemia. No kēia, ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea maʻi e waiho i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai no ka intact bedtime (no ka laʻana, he kīʻaha waiū a i ʻole kefir a me 50 grika o ka berena).

No ka koho i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka insulin kūpono me ka hopena lōʻihi a hoʻoponopono i ka nui o ka maʻi ma ke kauka e nānā ana i ka mea maʻi, pono ia i nā ʻikepili i ka nui o ke kō i hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea maʻi i nā manawa like ʻole o ka lā. No kēia, pono e hōʻiliʻili ka mea maʻi i ka lā i kēlā me kēia lā no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kekahi mau mahele.

Inā hoʻohuli ia ka mea maʻi, e pili ana i kahi meaʻai physiological, hoʻōho ʻoi i ke kō i loko o ka urine i ka nui loa o ka hapa mua o ka lā (ma hope o kaʻaina a ma hope o ka ʻaina awakea), a laila ma kēia hihia ke hana i ke ʻano o ka insulin-zinc.

Me ka hāʻawi nui o ka suka i ka waiʻai, ʻaʻole wale i ka lā, akā ʻo ke ahiahi hoʻi, ke kauka nei ke kauka i kahi mea hoʻokiʻoki i ka insulin-zinc i ka mea maʻi. Ke nui a hoʻonui ʻia ka honi me ka waiʻai i ka pō a i ke kakahiaka ma mua o ka ʻaina kakahiaka, a laila ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau i ka insulin-zinc-suspension K. I kēia mau hihia hope loa, kūpono paha ke alakaʻi o ka protamine-zinc-insulin.

ʻO ka maʻi Sugar, N.R. Pyasetskiy

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī

I ka papa o ke ʻano hana me Caninsulin, pono ka ʻai o ka poki ma luna o ka meaʻai nui. ʻAʻole pono ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā he koʻikoʻi ka holoholona. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka insulin i ka manawa like me ka tetracycline antibiotics, corticosteroids, sulfonamides a me nā progestogens.

Inā hoʻololi ka papa ʻaina meaʻai a me ke ʻano kūlohelohe, loli like ka nui o ka Caninsulin ma muli. Hoʻoponopono ʻia hoʻi ka lāʻau i ka wā e hele mai ai nā maʻi o ke aʻa a me ke ake, ma hope o ka hana ʻana, i ka wā hāpai a me nā maʻi maʻi.

Nā hōʻikeʻike e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau

Keliʻi. ʻO ko kā mākou pēpē ma mua o 10 mau makahiki, a i kēlā manawa ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ka maʻi maʻi. Kena aku ke kauka i nā ʻōlelo o Caninsulin, ʻelua i ka lā. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo he nānā nui loa kēia, akā ua maikaʻi iki ka pōpoki, a emi ka pae glucose.

Anna Ua hauʻoli wau i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ke hoʻohana nei mākou i ka caninsulin no ka manawa lōʻihi, no ka mea ua loʻohia ka pōpoki e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes-hilinaʻi no 5 makahiki. ʻAʻole wau i nānā i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia ka nui. He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e hahai i kahi meaʻai hānai e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka holoholona.

Olga Ma ka Pūnaewele, loaʻa nā loiloi pinepine e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Maanei, nui ka mea e hiki ai ke hilinaʻi i kēlā me kēia kumuhana o ke kino i nā mea konohono o Caninsulin. Hoʻokomo maikaʻi kā kā mākou pēpē i ia, ma hope koke o ka manawa o ka inake he manawa pōkole iki ka nui o ka makemake.

ʻO ka hana pōkole a me ka lōʻihi - hoʻohana pono

I ka wā kahiko o ka maʻi mellitus o ka maʻi diabetes, ʻelua ʻāpana me ka hana lōʻihi a me ka insulin hana pōkole. He mea maʻalahi loa ia i nā poʻe maʻi he nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana paʻakikī e kāwili i ka inikini pōkole a hoʻonui i ka insulin i hoʻokahi syringe, no laila e hana hoʻokahi wale nō puncture ma mua o ʻelua.

Kaʻana ʻae

ʻAʻole mau manawa lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka insulin a me ka insulin e hoʻohui. T.N. ka paka (galenic) hoʻokūkū o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka inehina i kahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka hana pōkole a me ka insulin.

• Ke hui pū ʻia, pono ia e noʻonoʻo e ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka insulin a inā he hui pono ʻole, e lilo nō ka hopena. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka insulin pōkole i ka like pū me ka hopena o ka protamine-insulin. ʻAʻole i lohi ka hopena o ka inikua pōkole, no laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ka insulin solub e pale i ka protamine.
• ʻAʻole ia he mea nui ma nā mea āpau i hana i kēia mau lāʻau. No laila, he mea maʻalahi ke kāwili i ka actrapid me ka humulin H a i kahi actrapid me ka protafan. Hoʻopau mau kēia mau hui insulin.
• Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e kāwili ʻia ka paʻakai crystalline insulin-zinc ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea hana he nui i ka zinc, ʻoi aku ka insuline pōkole i ka insulin lohi.

ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea maʻi ke inikini mua i ka inika pōkole, a laila, me ka lawe ʻole o ka nū mai ke ʻili, ua huʻu lākou i ka insulin zinc. ʻAʻole iʻike ʻia iʻike ʻia e ka ʻepekema, akā, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia me ia hoʻopiʻi ʻana, ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea pōkole o ka insulin a me ka puka o ka zinc i lalo o ka ʻili, a me kēia hana e kahe i ka pale o ke kīnā ʻole o ka māhele mua.

I mea e pale aku ai i nā hopena maikaʻiʻole, ke hoʻokaʻawale nei ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka insulin a me ka zinc insulin (i ke ʻano o nā inikini hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano ʻili like ʻole, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā kuhikuhi inika he 1 cm ka lōʻihi.

Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hana o ke kauā o ka protamine-zinc-insulin

Hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻaʻana o ka insulin crystalline zinc no ka maʻi diabetes mellitus o ke ʻano paʻakai a paʻakikī.

Hoʻopuka pū kekahi mea hana i ka insulin diabetes. ʻO ia mau lāʻau me ka hui pū ʻana o ka insulin pōkole a me ka protamine insulin i loko o kahi pānaʻi paʻa (mixtard, actrafan, insuman comb, etc.).

ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka hua o ka hopena he hui pono e pili ana i ka 30% pōkole pōkole a me 70% protamine insulin a i ʻole 25% insulin a pōkole a me 75% protamine insulin. Hōʻike ʻia ka māhele o nā māhele i nā kuhikuhi no ka hoʻohana.

Ua kūpono kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi e pili ana i ka meaʻai maʻamau, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi ʻano hana maʻamau, etc. (aloha nui nā mākua hika me ka maʻi type II).

Eia naʻe, hoʻopiʻi ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka insulin e hoʻōla i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka insulin. Me kēia hana, pono a pinepine pinepine i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka insulin puʻupuʻu, e hilinaʻi ana i nā ʻano o nā kalima i ka meaʻai, ka hana kino kino, a me kekahi mea). Ka loli iki ka nui o ka insulin (basal) insulin.

ʻ a me ke kākele

ʻO S / c hohonu (i ka papakū, ma nā ʻūhā o luna, nā ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū), ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e lūlū i ka ʻū a hiki ke loaʻa ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka homogeneous, e hōʻuluʻulu koke a hoʻokomo i ka dosis kūpono, mai hoʻomau i ka pae huakaʻi.

Hoʻonohonoho paʻa ʻia ka pākēnē (kū hoʻokahi ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka glucose i ke koko a me ke kaumaha kino kino). Me kahi lā maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā ma mua o 0.6 U / kg, pono ia e hoʻokele ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano he 2 a i ʻole nā ​​mea kaha i kekahi mau wahi o ke kino.

Ke hoʻololi nei mai nā injections o ka porcine hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi loa a i ʻole ka lā kanaka o ke kanaka, ʻaʻole i loli ka hopena, i ka wā e hoʻololi ai i bovine a i ʻole nā ​​hāmeʻa like ʻole (e ʻike ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ke koko), e hoʻemi ʻia ka hāmeʻe e ka 10% (koe akā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 0.6 U / kg). Loaʻa nā mea maʻi i nā ʻāpana 100 a i ʻole i kēlā me kēia lā, ke ke hoʻololi nei i ka insulin, pono ke kipa ʻia i ka haukapila.

ʻO nā mea mālama palekana

Pono ke hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka dosis i ka wā e hoʻololi ai i ke ʻano a me ka meaʻai, hoʻonui i ke ʻano kino, maʻi ʻana i nā maʻi, ka maʻi, ka ʻeha ʻana, ka gastroparesis a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e lohi ai i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka meaʻai, nā hōʻiho ʻana o nā hōʻaihena, nā hana ʻai adrenal (pili i ka maʻi Addison), ka mālamuhumu hipuitia (hypopituitism), ʻoi aku ka hana ʻana, ka holomua o ka maʻi o ka ate, ka hapai, ka hānai waipuna, i nā keiki prepubertal a me nā mea maʻi ma mua o 65 mau makahiki he nui (ʻoi ka nui o ke ʻano o ka hypoglycemia).

Hoʻemi i ka nui o ka pau ʻana o ka huki ʻana i ka ulaula, me ka maʻi type o ka maʻi mellitus type 1, e hoʻonui aʻe i ka manawa ma waena o nā hana a hōʻemi i ka nui o nā maʻi ma ke ʻano o nā aelike e hoʻoulu i ka hypoglycemia (hoʻonui - me ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hyperglycemic).

Hiki i ka hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono ʻia i nā he 1-2 mua ma hope o ke kahuli ʻana i hoʻokahi ʻanoʻano o ka insulin me kekahi. Manaʻo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma ka manawa mua, hoʻololi i ka insulin, ka naʻau kino a me ka noʻonoʻo paha i ka poʻe e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i ke kaʻa, kāohi i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hana ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka mālama nui a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor.

I ka wā mālama, ʻo kēlā me kēia 3 mau mahina (a ʻoi paha ka nui me ke kūlana paʻa), manaʻo ʻia ke kau ʻana o ka glucose i ke koko a, inā ma luna o 11.1 mmol / l, ka pae nui o nā ketones (acetone, kolo keto) i loko o ka urine. Me ka hypoglycemia a me ka ketoacidosis, ke kumu pH a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā paʻakai pākia i loko o ka serum koko,