Nā ʻano ʻĀina a me kā lākou hana

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, i ka honua hou, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO ka poʻe me kēia maʻi, e mālama i ko lākou kūlana i kahi leʻaleʻa, hōʻole i kā lākou makemake maikaʻi, e koi ʻia e hahai i kahi kīʻai ikaika, e nānā pono i nā pae koko koko, a nānā mau ʻia e ke kauka. Akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hapa o nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi type o ka maʻi type 1 - e hilinaʻi nei i ka insulin. ʻO ko lākou olakino, a i kekahi manawa ola, hilinaʻi i ka manawa hoʻokele o ka hormone. No laila, ʻo kēia kumuhana nā mea nui loa no lākou - e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka insulin a ʻo wai ka mea e maikaʻi loa no ka mea maʻi.

Wehewehe

ʻO ka Insulin kahi hormone i hūnā ʻia e ka pancreas. ʻO kāna hana: ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe o ka metabolism i loko o ke kino ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hapa o ka glucose i loko o ke koko. Inā pilikia ka hana o ka hormone, no ke aha lā ka haʻalele ʻana o ke kōpaʻa koko mai ke ʻano, kahi maʻi o ke kanaka me ka maʻi maʻi. No ka mālama i ka glucose, pono ʻoe e hahai i ka ʻaiʻai paʻa a lawe i ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

I nā maʻi me nā maʻi type 1, ʻike ʻole kahi pae o ka glucose. No laila, ua kuhikuhi ʻia lākou no nā ʻano hoʻololi i hana i ka insulin, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e mālama ai i ka hoʻonaninamu i ke kino ma mua o nā hormone ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomohala iā ia iho.

Kahi ʻano ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka e pili ana i:

• hoʻomanawanui
• kōpili koko
• mau hopena o ke kino o ka mea maʻi,
• ka helu o nā hoʻolauna kūpono
• ka helu o nā kūmole glucose
• maʻi maʻamau maʻi.

Manaʻo mākou i nā kikoʻī he nui o nā papa o kēia mau lāʻau.

Ke pukaʻike ʻia e ka Mana

ʻOiai ka hua ʻana o ka hormone e nā pona o ke kino, kūlohelohe, ia e lilo i ka holoholona a i ʻole synthetic origin. ʻO nā ʻano o ka insulin i kēia papaʻaʻōlelo: penei:

• No loko mai o ka Pancreas o Kaʻaka. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau me nā hopena alerine, ʻoiai e like me ka like o ka like o ka insulin me ka hana o ke kanaka o ka ʻekolu o nā ʻeono amino ʻaono.
• Puaʻa. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kekahi ʻano kūpono o ka insulin ka mea ʻokoʻa ma mua o ke kanaka hoʻokahi waikawa amino.
• Whale. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi ka mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia - ʻoi aku ke ʻano o ka hormone like ʻole o ke kanaka ma mua o ka insulin i loaʻa mai ka pancreas pipi.
• Laulau. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi inane (syntetic (engineet engineered)) i loaʻa, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano o kahi waikawa amino kūpono ʻole i loko o ka porcine insulin. Hoʻopili pū kekahi pū i nā hāmeʻa i hana ʻia mai nā kānaka Escherichia coli.

ʻĀpana Pūnaewele

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o ka insulin i ka nui o nā mea i loko o ka ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau:

• Monoid. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokahi wale ka holoholona i nā holoholona hoʻokahi, no ka laʻana, kahi bipi.
• Ua hui ʻia. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻuluʻulu ka mea hoʻohui i kekahi mau māhele - nā mea hou mai nā pancreas, no ka laʻana, he puaʻa a me kahi bipi.

Ka helu huikala

Ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano, nā waiwai a me nā ʻokoʻa o ka insulin, ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi ʻia kahi ʻano e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻae i loaʻa mai o ka hormone.

• Hoʻomākaukau Monocomponent. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loa no ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. Ke hele nei kēia ʻano kuʻuna ma ka sieving molakika a me ka chromatography e hoʻololi nei i nā lewa, ʻo ia ka mea nui o nā kānana insulin.
• Lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna. ^ E Ha yM. Ka nalo ʻia ka hua hopena me ka acid ethanol, a laila i hala ʻia ma waena o nā kānana. Ma laila ke hele ma ka paʻakai a me ka crystallization hou aʻe. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea i wehewehe ʻia ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha i ka ʻano ikaika o nā haumia āpau.
• Palapala Lele. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe e loaʻa i nā ʻaluna he ʻelua: ma ka mua, hele ia ma muli o ke ʻano maʻamau, a i ka lua, ua kānana ʻia ka waihona me ke aniani. Kōkua kēia kauoha i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau me kahi hapa haʻahaʻa o ka lepo ma mua o ka mea ma mua.

E hoʻomaikaʻi ka wikiwiki ʻana

ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kaulana loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka insulin e nā ʻano a me kā lākou hana. I kēia hōʻemi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka lāʻau hormonal i loko o nā pūʻulu e like me ka wikiwiki a me ka lōʻihi o ka hopena.

• Ka lōʻihi lōʻihi.
• ʻO kahi lōʻihi.
• Pōkole.
• Ultrashort.
• Hoʻohui (a hui pū ʻia paha) paha.

E noʻonoʻo i kēlā me kēia ʻano i ka kikoʻī.

Nā lāʻau lāʻau Ultrashort

ʻO ka hana nui o ka ʻano wikiwiki o ka insulin e hoʻoneʻe i nā pae koko koko i ka hana maʻamau e like me ka hiki. Hoʻohana ʻia kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. Hōʻike nā hopena mua o kāna hoʻohana ma hope o 10 mau minuke. Ma hope o nā hola 1.5-2, ua hiki ka hana o nā hana a kēlā insulin ma kahi kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka hemahema o kēia hui e lilo i hopena a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wānana i ka pae haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā insulins pōkole hoʻokahi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia ka hui ikaika loa i waena o nā poʻe i hōʻike. 1 papa (IU - kahi lihi o ka nui o ka insulin i kahi mākeke hormonal) ʻo ultrashort insulin ka manawa 1.5-2 mau manawa e ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o 1 IU o kahi ʻelele o kēlā me kēia ʻano e kona hopena

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me kēia hui o ka insulin:

• Apidra. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i nā maʻi ma mua o 6 mau makahiki. Pono e mālama pono i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai e nā wahine hāpai a me nā pākeke. Hoʻomaka: subcutaneous a me kahi pāka.
• NovoRapid. ^ E Ha yM. Palapala - insulin aspart. ʻAʻole ia he waihona waihona ʻiliina ma kahi maʻalahi 3 ml syringe pen (300 PIECES). Ua hana ʻia ke kanaka E. coli. ʻO kāna mea pono nui ka hana kūpono i ka wā e lawe ai i ke keiki.
• Humoolela. ^ E Ha yM. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike ai, he mea hoʻohālikelike o ka hormone kanaka - ʻokoʻa ka mea nui i ka nui i loko o ke ʻano i hoʻololi ʻia i nā waʻa amino amino. Piha ka hopena o kona hōʻike i nā hola 4. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka manawa i koho ʻia: type diabetes type 1, ke kūʻē e kū mai ana ka insulin i ka maʻi type 2, ka hemahema o kēlā me kēia lāʻau.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau liʻiliʻi

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano o nā insulins pōkole e hana i ka hopena mua o ko lākou hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana he 20-30 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana. I ka manawa like, e kū ana i 6 mau hola. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau ma 15 mau minuke ma mua o kahi pāʻina, a me kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka manawa, e ʻōlelo ʻia e lawe i kekahi kīʻaha ʻē aʻe.

Ma kekahi mau hihia, ke nānā aku nei nā kauka, ka loiloi i ke ʻano o ka mea maʻi, ka nui o nā lāʻau i kauoha ʻia, ka nui o ke kō, ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā insulins lōʻihi a pōkole i ka mea maʻi.

ʻO nā mahele ʻano kaulana loa penei:

• "Biosulin P". ^ E Ha yM. He kūpono no ka hui pū me ka insulin "Biosulin N". Aia ka lāʻau i ka ʻano mea i hana ʻia e ka genetically, ka mea i loaʻa i loko o nā cartridges a me nā hue.
• "Monodar". ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia kahi hoʻomākaukau puaʻa monocomponent. Ua kau ʻo ke kauka iā ia no kahi maʻi o ka ʻano type 1 a me 2, i ka wā o ke kauʻana o ka mea maʻi, ka hana ʻole o nā lāʻau me ke kōkua o nā papa tablet o nā hormones.
• "Humodar R". ^ E Ha yM. Pono ka hua pono e hōʻike ʻia i ka hui semisynthetic. Hele maikaʻi me nā insulins medium-acting. ʻO kekahi hana hou - hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation.
• "AcMapid NM". ^ E Ha yM. ʻOihana huahana genetic. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma nā subcutaneously a me intravenously, intramuscular injection - ʻoiai wale nō e kuhikuhi ʻia e kahi loea. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai ke kauka hele mai.
• "Humulin Regular". ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kīwī a me nā cartridges e kūpono no ka hoʻokō intravenous, subcutaneous a me intramuscular. He kūpono no nā ʻano like ole o ka insulin a me ka like ʻole me ka insulin-pono ʻole o ka maʻi, no ka hoʻohana mua ʻana, ka hoʻokele i ka wā hāpai.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau

Hoʻomaka ka lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia pūʻulu e hana i nā hola 2 ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana. ʻO ka manawa o kā lākou hana he 8-12 mau hola. No laila, pono ka mea maʻi i nā inikua 2-3 o kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki i ke kauka ke kuhikuhi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka inika medium, i hui pū ʻia me nā mea pōkole.

ʻO nā mea kaulana loa o kēia kulana.

• Semi-synthetic: "Biogulin N", "Humodar B".
• Wahi a ka insulin porcine: Monodar B, Protafan MS.
• Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia: Protafan NM, Biosulin N, Humulin NPH, Insuran NPH.
• Kūlana Zinc: "Monotard MS".

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau lōʻihi

Hōʻike ka hopena o ka hana i nā hola 4-8 ma hope o kēia manawa. Akā e hoʻomau ia me hoʻokahi a me ka hapa i ʻelua mau lā. ʻO ka manawa o ka hana kiʻekiʻe loa o nā ʻano o ka lōʻihi o ka insulin he 8-12 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana.

ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ma kēia ʻāpana i kēia mau mea:

• "Levemir Penfill". ^ E Ha yM. Insulin detemir, kahi like ʻo Levemir Flexpen. ʻOkoʻa kupaianaha kūloko. Hiki ke hoʻohui pū me nā palapala papa - ʻo ka endocrinologist e kuhikuhi i ka kaaea maikaʻi loa.
• Lākusa. ^ E Ha yM. He mea kūʻai ʻia kēia ʻano hana lōʻihi o ka inika. Hoʻokele ʻia kahi shin glargine-kumu i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, i ka hora like, me ka hohonu o ka subcutaneously. ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia nā mea maʻi ma lalo o ka 6 mau makahiki iā ia, e hoʻohana pono nā wahine hāpai. Hiki iā ia ke ʻano i kahi lāʻau hoʻokahi a i hui pū paha me kekahi mea e mālama ai. Ua waiho ʻia kona mau palapala ma ke ʻano o nā peni a me nā pahu kūwili no ka paiki ma o nā lāʻau lapaʻau wale nō.