ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka insulin a me ka glucagon

ʻO ka Glucagon a me ka insulin ka mau maʻi pancreatic. ʻO ka hana o nā hāmeʻe āpau ʻo ke hoʻoponopono o ka metabolism i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka hana nui o ka insulin a me ka glucagon ka hoʻolako ʻana i ke kino me nā ʻenehana o ke kino ma hope o ka ʻaina a i ka wā hookeai. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, pono ia e hōʻoia i ka kahe o ka glucose i loko o nā hale a mālama i kona nui. I ka wa neokeo - e hoʻoneʻe i ka glucose mai nā neʻe (glycogen) a i ʻole synthesize ia i nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe paha.

Ua pālahalaha nui ʻia e ka hāmeʻe o ka insulin a me ka glucagon hoʻoneʻe i nā haʻalā. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia. Hoʻopili ʻo nā enzymes i nā mea. Hoʻokomo nā Hormones i kēia mau kaʻina hana.

Synthesis o ka glucagon a me ka insulin

Hoʻomaka ʻia nā huaʻehā i nā kihi endocrine. ʻO ka insulin a me ka glucagon - i loko o ka pancreas: ka insulin i loko o,-cells, glucagon - i nā selona-α o nā mokupuni o Langerhans. ʻO nā makana ʻelua ka protein i ke kūlohelohe a ʻōpiopio ʻia mai ka poʻe mua. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka insulin a me ka glucagon i nā ʻano kūlike: insulin no ka hyperglycemia, glucagon no ka hypoglycemia. ʻO ka hapalua o ka ola o ka insulin he mau minuke 3-4, ʻo kona mau ʻoi ʻole ka honi e mālama i ka mālama o ka nui o ke kaila koko i loko o nā palena palena.

Nā hopena hoʻohui

Ka hoʻoponopono ʻo Insulin i ka metabolism, ʻoi aku ka hoʻoliʻi o ka glucose. Hoʻopilikia i nā kaʻina membrane a me nā hana intracellular.

Nā membrane ka hopena o ka insulin:

• hoʻoikaika i ka lawe ʻana i ka pona a me ka nui o nā monosaccharides,
• hoʻoikaika i ka lawe ʻana i nā waikawa amino (ʻoi aku ka arginine),
• hoʻokuʻi i ka lawe ʻana i nā momona momona,
• hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka pālea a me nā paʻakai magnesium e nā hua.

Loaʻa i ka Insulin nā hopena intracellular:

• hoʻoikaika i ke ʻano o ka DNA a me RNA,
• hoʻonāukiuki i ka synthesis protein,
• hoʻohui i ka hoʻouluʻana o ka enzyly glycogen synthase (hāʻawi i ka synthesis o ka glycogen mai glucose - glycogenesis),
• Hoʻokomo i ka glucokinase (ʻo kahi enzyme e paipai nei i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka glucose i ka glycogen i nā kūlana o kona nui).
• hoʻokaʻawale i ka glucose-6-phosphatase (kahi enzyme e hōʻiliʻili i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka glucose-6-phosphate e hoʻokaʻawale i ka glucose a, no laila, e hoʻonui ai i ke kō o ke koko),
• hoʻāla ka lipogenesis,
• kāohi ʻia ka lipolysis (no ka pale ʻana o ke kāpili cAMP),
• hoʻoikaika i ke ʻano o ka waikona momona,
• hoʻōla iā Na + / K + -ATPase.

ʻO ka hana o ka insulin i ka hoʻoili glucose i nā ʻāpana

Hoʻokomo ka Glucose i nā pūpuna me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā protein transporter kūikawā (GLUT). Nui nā GLUTs i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. I nā membranes o ka huelo a me nā pūpū uaua o ka puʻu, ka kiko adipose, nā keʻena koko keʻokeʻo, a me nā cortex renal, nā mea lawe i hilinaʻi ʻia me nā mea a GLUT4. ʻO nā mea lawe i ka insulin i loko o nā membrane o ke kinalena o ka palaki a me nā poupuna o ka pume, ʻaʻole ia ke kūʻokoʻa o ka insulin, no laila, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka glucose i nā pūpuna o kēia mau kolo e hilinaʻi wale ʻia i kona kao i loko o ke koko. Hoʻokomo ka Glucose i nā pūpuna o nā pūpū, nā kōpona, a me nā wahi koko ʻulaʻula ʻole me nā mea lawe ʻole i nā mea a pau. No laila, pono i ka insulin ke komo i ka glucose ke komo i nā pū o nā kiko o ka adipose, sceletal muscle a me ka naʻau puʻuwai. Me ka nele o ka insulin, e kahe liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka glucose i loko o nā puna o kēia mau kiko, lawa ʻole e hōʻoia pono i kā lākou metaboleka pono ʻana, a i nā kūlana i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka glucose i loko o ke koko (hyperglycemia).

ʻO ka hana o ka insulin i ka kaohiʻana o ka glucose

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Insulin i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka glucose, me nā mau mīkini kekahi.

1. Hoʻonui i ka hana glycogen synthase i nā pūpū o ka puʻuwai, hoʻoulu i ka hana o ka glycogen mai ke koena o ka glucose.
2. Hoʻonui i ka hana glucokinase i loko o ka puʻu, e hoʻoulu ai i ka phosphorylation glucose me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka glucose-6-phosphate, ka "laka" i ka glucose i loko o ka puna, no ka mea hiki ʻole iā ia ke hele mai ka membrane mai ka hana i loko o ka wahi intercellular.
3. Kuhi i nā lula fosatase, ka catalyzing i ka huli o ka hoʻololi i ka glucose-6-phosphate i ka glucose i kaʻawale.

ʻO kēia kaʻina hana a pau e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka glucose i nā pehu o nā kōpili peripheral a me kahi hoʻokaʻawale o kona synthesis, ka mea e kaohi ana i ka kaohi o ka glucose i loko o ke koko. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā glucose e nā mea mālama a mālama i nā waihona o nā waihona laeʻa intracellular ʻē aʻe - nā momona a me nā protein.

ʻO ka hana o ka insulin i ka protein metabolism

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka insulin i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā waikawa amino manuahi i loko o nā pūpū a me ka synthes o ka protein i loko o lākou. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka syntulate protein i ʻelua ala:

• ma muli o ka hana o ka mRNA,
• ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka kahe o nā waikawa amino i loko o ka pūlau.

Eia kekahi, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻo ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka glucose i mea e hoʻoneʻe ana i ka hoʻoneʻe e kahi cell i hoʻohiolo i ka wā e hōʻemi ai ka protein i loko o ia mea, kahi e hiki ai i kahi piʻi o nā hale protein. Ma muli o kēia hopena, pili ka insulin i ka hoʻoponopono o ka hoʻolālā a me ka ulu ʻana o ke kino.

ʻO ka hana o ka insulin i ka momona metabolism

ʻO nā membrane a me nā hopena intracellular o ka insulin e alakaʻi i kahi hoʻonui momona i loko o ka adipose tissue a me ka ate.

1. Hāʻawi ʻo Insulin i ka uluʻana o ka glucose i loko o nā pūpuna o ka kiko adipose a hoʻoulu i ka hāhā i kona make.
2. Hoʻopau i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka lipoprotein lipase i nā loko endothelial. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka lipase e hoʻonā i ka hydrolysis o triacylglycerols e pili ana me ka lipoproteins koko a e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa o nā huina momona hopena i loko o nā pūpuna o ka kiko adipose.
3. Mālama i ka lipase intracellular lipoprotein, no laila e pale ai i ka lipolysis i loko o nā hale.

Hua molekular o ka insulin:

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Insulin me nā waikawa amino a ʻelua o nā kaulahao, i kapa ʻia ʻo ke A A me B-kaulahao, i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pōkā. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Insulin mai kahi hormone insulin i loaʻa maoli ʻekolu mau kūnē amino amino. Hoʻoponopono ka enzyme i ka hormone ma ke ʻano he mea paʻa wale nō ke kaulike A a me B no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka insulin.

Hoʻohālikelike keu:

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka huna huna Insulin e ka koko koko kiʻekiʻe (hyperglycemia) ma ke koko arterial. ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā momona momona, nā kuhi keto, a me nā waikawa amino e hiki ai i ka huna ʻana i ka insulin. Me ke emi ʻana o ke kō koko koko, e hoʻemi ana ka nui o ka insulin, e ʻike ʻole ana e huna ʻia ka insulin ma mua o ka mea e pono ai.

Nā hopena o ka hilo ʻana.

Hoʻokomo ka Insulin i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka glucose i ka adipose tissue (adipose tissue) a hoʻoulu i ka komo ʻana o nā momona momona. Hoʻokomo pū ka Insulin i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka glucose i ka pā a me ka naʻau. I ka kiko o nā mākala a me nā ʻili o ke ake, huli ʻia ka glucose i ka glycogen i ka wā o glycogenesis. Pehea ke kālai ʻia o ka glycogen i ke kino o ke kanaka. Hoʻopau ka insulin i ka wāwahi o ka glycogen i loko o ka ate a kāpae i ka hana a hoʻokuʻu i ka glucose i ke kahe koko. Hoʻokomo maoli ʻo Insulin i ka komo ʻana o ka glucose i loko o nā uaua, a no laila, ke alakaʻi nei i ka emi ʻana o ke kō koko.

ʻO kahi maʻi ka maʻi maʻi he pilikia nā pilikia e pili ana i ka insulin. Ma ka maʻi kuhi henua 1, ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka insulin, a i loko o ke ʻano i ka maʻi diabetes, 2 ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka insulin, akā ʻaʻole i pane hou nā cell i ka insulin. Pono pono ka maʻi diabetes e lawe i nā kaha inikini e uku ai i ka nele o ka insulin.

Hoʻohana ʻia Glucagon

Hoʻopilikia ka Glucagon i ka momona, ka huna a me ka momona o ka metabolism. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he glucagon he insulin antagonist e pili ana i kona mau hopena. ʻO ka hopena nui o ka glucagon ka hoʻonui ʻana aʻe o ka kaila glucose koko. Hōʻaikaʻo ia me kaagonona e mālama i ka mālama o ka pae o ka ʻokoʻa o ka substrates - ka glucose, nā protina a me nā momona i loko o ke koko i ka wā wikiwiki.

1. ʻO ka hana o ka glucoseagon i ka metabolism ʻaʻai.

Hāʻawi i nā synthesis glucose ma:

• hoʻonui i ka glycogenolysis (ka uhaʻi ana i ka glycogen i ka glucose) i loko o ka ate,
• ka ulu ʻana o ka gluconeogenesis (ka synthes o ka glucose mai ka hana o ke kala ʻaʻole-kalaiwa) i loko o ka puʻuwai.

2. ʻO ka hana o ka glucagon i loko o ka hana hoʻokūkū protein.

Hoʻonohonoho ka hormone i ka lawe ʻana o nā glucose amino amino i ka ate, ka mea e hāʻawi ai i nā pūpū ate:

• hoʻonani protein
• synthesis glucose mai nā waikina amino - gluconeogenesis.

3. ʻO ka hana o ka glucagon ma ka hana momona o ka momona.

Hoʻokomo ka hormone i ka lipase ma ka adipose kiko, e hoʻonā i nā nui o nā momona momona a me glycerin i loko o ke koko. Ke alakaʻi hou nei kēia i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ke koko:

• glycerin i loko o ka mea mua i ke ole-kalaiwa hana i loko o ke kaʻina o ka gluconeogenesis - synt synthesis,
• hoʻohuli ʻia nā huika momona i loko o nā kino ketone, ka mea i hoʻākāka i nā ʻenehana hemo, kahi e mālama ai i nā mālama glucose.

He aha ka insulin a me ka glucagon?

ʻO ka protein ka hormone. Hoʻohana ʻia e nā b-cell o ka gland, ua manaʻo ʻia ka mea nui i ka manaʻo nui ma waena o nā hormones anabolic.

ʻO Glucagon kahi antagonist hormone polypeptide o ka insulin. Hoʻohana ia e nā a-cell o ka pancreas a hana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi - hoʻōla ia i nā kumuwaiwai i ka manawa e pono ai ke kino. He hopena catabolic.

ʻO ka pilina o ka insulin a me ka glucagon

Hōʻike ʻia nā lua ʻelua e ka pancreas e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻaila. Eia ke ʻano o ko lākou nānā ʻana:

• pane koke i nā loli i ke kō, ua hoʻōla ʻia ka insulin me ka hoʻonui, a me glucagon - me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana,
• komo i nā mea komo i ka hana lipid metabolism: hoʻoikaika i ka insulin, a hemo ka glucagon, e hoʻohuli ana i ka momona i ka ikehu,
• komo i ka hana o ka protein protein: pākēpē ka glucagon i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā waikawa amino e ke kino, a ua hoʻolaʻa ka insulin i ka synthesis o nā mea.

Hoʻokumu pū ka pancreas i kekahi mau hormone hou, akā ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka paleni o kēia mau mea i ʻike pinepine ʻia.

Hōʻike maopopo ka papa i nā kuleana i ke kū'ē i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā kaʻina metabolic e nā hormones.

Ka hoʻohālikelike o nā hormones i loko o ke kino

ʻO ke komo ʻana i ka metabolism o nā lua ʻelua o ke kī i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu i loaʻa ma muli o ka hana a me ka puhi ʻana o nā ʻāpana like ʻole.

ʻO ka pilina pili o nā hormones i kapa ʻia ka index o ka glucagon. Hāʻawi ia i nā huahana a pau a loaʻa e loaʻa ke kino ma muli o ka hopena - ka ikaika a me ka mālama momona paha.

Inā haʻahaʻa ka waihona (me ka nui o ka glucagon), a laila me ka haʻalulu o nā mea ʻai, ʻo ka hapanui o lākou e hele e hoʻopiha hou i nā ikehu. Inā hoʻoulu ka meaʻai i ka hana o ka insulin, a laila e waiho i ka momona.

Inā hōʻino kekahi kanaka i nā huahana protein a i ʻole mea kalaka, a laila alakaʻi kēia i ka emi ʻana o kekahi o nā huaʻala. I ka hopena, hoʻomohala nā pilikia metabol.

Ua haki lalo nā ʻano o nā kaaleka:

• maʻalahi (ke kō, ka palaoa hoʻoneʻe) - komo koke i ke kahe a ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ke kī ʻana o ka insulin,
• paʻakikī (piha palaoa palaoa, cereals) - hoʻonui pinepine i ka insulin.

ʻO kahi hua'ōlelo Glycemic (GI) - hiki i nā huahana ke paipai i nā pae gula. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōlelo, ʻoi aku ka ikaika e hoʻonui ai i ka glucose. ʻO nā huahana me kahi GI o 35-40 mau kumu ʻaʻole e hoʻomohala i nā kīʻai ākea i ke kō.

Ma kahi o ka hoʻohālikelike metabola, nā kīʻaha i loaʻa nā kuhikuhi GI kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻaʻole i kaohi mai ka meaʻai: ka gula, nā kīleʻa, me ka laiki

No ke aha he mea nui loa ka kaulike o ka insulin a me ka glucagon

Hoʻololi pili nā hana o ka glucagon a me ka insulin, akā ma muli o kahi paleni maikaʻi o nā hormones nā metabolism o nā momona, nā protein a me nā mea kāʻeiwa e noho mau ana. Ma lalo o ka mana o nā mea o waho a me loko - nā maʻi, ka hoʻoilina, ka puʻuwai, ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ecology - hiki ke loli.

Hōʻike ka ʻōpū o ka insulin a me ka glucagon e nā hōʻailona aʻe:

• pololi o ka pololi, ina he kanaka ke ai i kahi hora i hala,
• nā hūʻu koi i loko o ke kō koko - a laila ʻae, a laila hoʻonui hou ʻia,
• ua hōʻemi ʻia ka ʻiʻulopa
• loli pinepine ka manawa - mai ka ala ʻana e hoʻopau i ka apathy i ke ao,
• ke kau ka momona o ke kanaka - ma kona mau ihā, mau pūmole, ʻōpū.

ʻO ke ʻano he ala maikaʻi loa i ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaumaha nui. Inā lōʻihi ka nānāʻole ʻana, a laila e maʻi kekahi kanaka.

• maʻi mellitus maʻiʻi
• kuhihewa o nā wahī,
• ka hoemi ʻana i ka hana noʻonoʻo,
• maʻi maʻi maʻi
• uluhua a me ka ʻai ʻana,
• pilikia me ka uptake glucose,
• lōkohu
• atherosclerosis, hyperlipoproteinemia,
• nā maʻi metabolic a me ka muscular dystrophy.

Inā kānalua ka hormonal imbalance, hana ʻia ka ʻike koko, a he ʻōlelo kūkākūkā a endocrinologist.

Hoʻohālikelike nā hana o insulin a me glucagon, akā hiki i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Inā haʻalele ka hormone hoʻokahi e like me ia e pono ai, a laila pilikia ka hana o ka lua. ʻO ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o ka pale ʻana o ka hormonal e nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā ʻano ʻola a me nā meaʻai kekahi ala wale nō e pale ai i nā maʻi.

ʻO ka pilina Hormone

Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka insulin a me ka glucagon. ʻO kā lākou hana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaona o ka glucose i ke koko. Hāʻawi ʻo Glucagon i kona hoʻonui, insulin - kahi hoʻemi. Hana lākou i ka hana kū'ē. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana no ka hana insulin e hoʻonui i ka kukuna o ka glucose i ke koko, glucagon - kahi hoʻemi. Eia kekahi, hoʻoneʻe ka hana o ka insulin i ka ʻona o ka glucagon.

Inā hōʻoki ʻia ke kāpili ʻana o kekahi o kēia mau hormones, e hana pololei nā mea ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, i ka mellitus maʻi diabetes, he haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka insulin i ke koko, nāwaliwali ka hopena o ka insulin i ka glucagon, ma muli o ke ʻano, ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka pae o glucoseagon i loko o ke koko, kahi e alakaʻi mau ai i ka glucose koko, ʻo ia ka mea a kēia ʻano pili.

ʻO nā hewa i loko o kaʻaiʻai e alakaʻi i ka hoʻopuka pono ʻana o nā hormones, kā lākou huina pono ʻole. Ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana o nā meaʻai o ka protein e hoʻowalewale i ka mea huna o ka glucagon, a me nā hāmeʻama māmā - insulin. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi kūlike ʻole ma ka pae o ka insulin a me ka glucagon e alakaʻi i ka hiki ʻana o nā pathologies.