Mikstard® 30 NM Penfill® Medium ka lōʻihi o ka inika kanaka i hui pū ʻia me ka hana pōkole hana pōkole

Hypoglycemic aihue o ka lōʻihi waena. Hoʻopili ʻo ia me kahi kākākia kūikawā ma nā membrane waho o nā pona a hana i kahi mea hoʻonaninani o ka insulin. Ma ka hoʻonoho ʻana i ka biosynthesis o ka cAMP i nā pā momona a me nā ʻili kinipiko a i ʻole ke komo ʻana i loko o nā pūpū o nā pelu, ʻo ka isulin receptor complex ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā hana intracellular, komo synthesis o ka helu o nā enzymes koʻikoʻi (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase, etc.). ʻO ka hōʻemi o ka neʻe o ka glucose i ke koko ma muli o ka hoʻonui o kona kaila intracellular, kahi hoʻonui i ke kō a me ka assimilation o nā kiko, hoʻoulu i ka glycogenesis, glycogenogenesis, synthes synthesis, hoʻemi ʻia ka hana glucose e ka ʻāʻā, a pēlā.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hana o ka insulin ma muli o ka nui o ka pā, a, ma ka huli ʻana, e hilinaʻi nei i kekahi mau mea (me ka ʻano o ke ʻano, ka ʻano a me ka wahi o ka hoʻokele) ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana ma hope o ka mālamaʻana i ka sc he 30 mau minuke, ulu ka hopena kiʻekiʻe i nā hola 2-8, ʻo ke lōʻihi o ka hana a hiki i 24 mau hola.

Nā hopena hopena

Allergic reaksi (urticaria, angioedema - maʻi, ke kāwili o ka hanu, hoemi ʻia i ke koko), komo kūloko (hyperemia, wīwī, hōʻeha o ka ʻili ma ka wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia), lipodystrophy ma ka pūnaewele injection, hypoglycemia (pallor o ka ʻili, hoʻonui nui, luhiluhi, palpitations, haʻalulu, pōloli, ʻōpū, hopohopo, pōʻino, paresthesia i loko o ka waha, ka ʻeha, ka ʻōpū. , ke uha, makaʻu, hopohopo, ke huhū, kūlike ʻole, ka hopohopo ʻole o ka neʻe ʻana, haʻi leo ʻōlelo a me ka ʻike), hypoglycemic coma.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana maʻi - ka ʻaʻano a me ke keʻakeʻa ʻana i ka maʻi (he pōkole kēia a nalo me ka mālama mau ʻana).

Ke noi a me ke ʻano

S / c ma ka uha o ka uha (kahi o ka neʻe a loa a me ka hoʻopiʻi piha ʻana i ka lāʻau), ia ʻae ʻia i ka s / c komo i loko o ka pā o ka puhaka, a i ʻole pihi a i ʻole nā ​​puʻu o ke poʻohiwi.

Kuhi ʻia ka hopena o ka lāʻau e ka kauka ponoʻī i kēlā me kēia hihia i ka hopena o ka glucose i ke koko. ʻO ka awelika helu ma waena o kēlā me kēia lā mai ka 0.5 a 1 IU / kg kau kino. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i 30 mau minuke ma mua o kahi pāʻina i loaʻa ka hāmeʻawa. ʻO ka mahana o ka hoʻonā i hoʻonā ʻia i ka mahana o ka lumi.

ʻO ka hana ʻana i kahi huakaʻi i loko o ka ʻili o ka ʻili e hoʻemi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka loko.

Pono e hoʻololi i ka pae injection i loko o ka wahi anatomical i mea e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lipodystrophy.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka monotherapy a me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana me ka insulin hana pōkole. Me ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka basal insulin 1-2 mau manawa i kahi lā (ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka kakahiaka) pū me ka hana puʻupuʻu pōkole (hana ma mua o ka pāʻina).

Ma ka ʻano II maʻi mellitus, ua mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau hypoglycemic oral.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko.

Me ka hoʻopuka o ka insulin e ʻike pono i ka neʻe ʻana o ka glucose i ke koko.

ʻAʻole kūpono ia ka lāʻau inā inā, ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana, ʻaʻole i keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo a pulu pua ʻailā. No ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana i nā kīkī insulin.

Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hypoglycemia e ke kaʻai koke o ke kō a i ʻole nā ​​mea i loaʻa nā kō i honi (pono mau ke ahonui i nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ke kō, kaʻai, nā kuki a me nā wai wai).

E hoʻomaopopo i nā hoahānau, nā hoaaloha a me nā hoa hana pili e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi, e wehewehe i nā lula no ke kōkua mua i ka hihia o ka hypoglycemia koʻikoʻi.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wai haʻahaʻa o ka insulin i ka pono, hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka insulin, ka nele o kaʻai ʻana, a me ka hoʻokele ʻole ʻana o ka insulin, hyperglycemia a me ka ketoacidosis e pili ana i ka maʻi (polyuria, pollakiuria, makewai, ka ʻole o ka ʻono, ke kala ʻana, ka luaʻi, ka hiamoe, nāwaliwali, ka maʻiemia, ka ʻili, ka maloʻo maloʻo a me ke ʻano o ka acetone i ka ea hanu). Ke puka mai nā hōʻailona mua o ka hyperglycemia, pono e lawelawe koke ʻia ka insulin.

I nā maʻi concomitant (e komo pū ana i ka lāʻau thyroid gland, ate, kidney, Addison's disease, hypopituitarism) i nā pākeke (ma mua o 65 mau makahiki), pono ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka dosis. ʻO nā maʻi e pili pū ana me ka maʻi o ka maʻi, ke hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana kino, ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka meaʻai maʻamau e hoʻonui i ka pono no ka insulin.

Hoʻokomo ka intanol (me ka pia, ka waina) hiki i ka hypoglycemia. Mai lawe i ka ethanol i kahi ʻōpū ʻole.

Ke hoʻololi nei i ka insulin o ke kanaka, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i nā māka mua o ka lawehala o ka harbingers o hypoglycemia e lilo i mea e ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua o ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau i hala. Hiki ke loli i ke ʻano a me ka ikaika o kēia mau ʻōmua mua i ka manawa o ka uku hoʻokaʻawale no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kala kala (me ka wā o ka insulin intensive intensive).

I ka wā hāpai a me ka wā lactation, ʻoi aku ia e hoʻoponopono i ka pākaukau e mālama i ka uku no ka maʻi diabetes.

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia i ka wā e alakaʻi ana i nā kaʻa a komo i nā hana ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka nui o ke neʻe ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor (i ka wā hypoglycemia, e emi paha lākou).

Hoʻohui

Kūleʻa ʻole ka laila me ka hoʻonā o nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻonui ʻia ka hopena hypoglycemic e nā sulfonamides (me nā huaʻōlelo hypoglycemic waha, sulfonamides), ʻae ʻo MAO (e pili ana i ka furazolidone, procarbazine, selegiline), nā mākaʻi anhydrase carbonic, nā mea paʻa o ACE, nā NSAIDs (me ka salicylates), ka anabolic (komo i nā stanozolol, oxandrolone, methandrostenolone), androgens, bromocriptine, tetracyclines, clofibrate, ketoconazole, mebendazole, theophylline, cyclophosphamide, fenfluramine, Li + hoʻomākaukau, pyridoxine, quinidine, quinine, chloroquin,

Glucagon, somatropin, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, estrogens, thiazide and loop diuretics, BMKK, hormon tiroid, heparin, sulfinpyrazone, sympathomimetics, danazole, tricyclic antidepressants, clonidinin, calcitonin, antonidinotin, antagonists, antagonists, antagonists, antagonists, antagonists epinephrine, H1-histamine receptor blockers.

Nā beta-blockers, reserpine, octreotide, pentamidine hiki i ka mea hou ke hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻonāwaliwali i ka hopena hypoglycemic o ka insulin.

Diabetologist: "E hoʻomau i ka pae o ke kōpaʻa koko."

Pehea e hoʻohana ai: dosis a me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana

S / c ma ka uha o ka uha (kahi o ka neʻe a loa a me ka hoʻopiʻi piha ʻana i ka lāʻau), ia ʻae ʻia i ka s / c komo i loko o ka pā o ka puhaka, a i ʻole pihi a i ʻole nā ​​puʻu o ke poʻohiwi.

Kuhi ʻia ka hopena o ka lāʻau e ka kauka ponoʻī i kēlā me kēia hihia i ka hopena o ka glucose i ke koko. ʻO ka awelika helu ma waena o kēlā me kēia lā mai ka 0.5 a 1 IU / kg kau kino. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i 30 mau minuke ma mua o kahi pāʻina i loaʻa ka hāmeʻawa. ʻO ka mahana o ka hoʻonā i hoʻonā ʻia i ka mahana o ka lumi.

ʻO ka hana ʻana i kahi huakaʻi i loko o ka ʻili o ka ʻili e hoʻemi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka loko.

Pono e hoʻololi i ka pae injection i loko o ka wahi anatomical i mea e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lipodystrophy.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka monotherapy a me ka hoʻohui pū ʻana me ka insulin hana pōkole. Me ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka basal insulin 1-2 mau manawa i kahi lā (ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka kakahiaka) pū me ka hana puʻupuʻu pōkole (hana ma mua o ka pāʻina).

Ma ka ʻano II maʻi mellitus, ua mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau hypoglycemic oral.

Pākuʻi helu

Hoʻopaʻa no ka hoʻokele subcutaneous, 100 IU / ml

1 ml o ka lāʻau pili

mea waiwai - ka manuahi kanaka ʻenehana me 3.50 mg (100 IU) 1,

nā mea hoʻowalewale: zinc (ma ke ʻano o ka zinc chloride), glycerin, fenol, metacresol, sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, protamine sulfate, hydrochloric acid 2 M hopena, sodium hydroxide 2 M hoʻonā i ka pH 7,3, wai no ka hōʻemi.

1 ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea e loaʻa ai ka 30% kūlū kanaka a me 70% isofan-insulin

Ke kapu ke keʻokeʻo, i ka wā e kū nei, e hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi aniani ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ʻula ʻole a i ʻole kahi waihoʻoluʻu keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopau maʻalahi ke kūleʻa i nā neʻe me ka haʻalulu haʻalulu.

ʻO nā waiwai Pharmacological

Lapaʻau lāʻau

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka insulin no ka nui o ka absorption, ka mea e hilinai ana i nā mea he nui (no ka laʻana, ma ke ʻano o ka insulin, ke ʻano a me kahi wahi o ka hoʻokele ʻana, ka mānoanoa o ka momona momona a subcutaneous a me ke ʻano o ka diabetes mellitus). No laila, ʻo nā pākuʻi o ka pharmacokinetic o nā insulin e hana i nā ʻano nui o ka hui a me ka intra-individu.

Loaʻa ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe (Cmax) o ka insulin i ka plasma i loko o 1,5 a 2.5 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻokele subutanutan.

ʻAʻohe mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e pani ʻia i nā protein plasma e ʻike ʻia, me ka hoʻoleʻa o nā antibodies i nā insulin.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana like o ke kanaka e ka hana o kahi insulin protease a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka hana o ka insulin, a hiki paha ma ke ʻano o ka protein disulfide isomerase. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia aia i loko o ka molekala o ka insulin kanaka he nui nā wahi o ka cleavage (hydrolysis), eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea ʻano o nā metabolites i hoʻokumu ʻia ma muli o ka palaki i ka hana.

ʻO ka hapalua-ola (T½) i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka helu o ke kahe mai mai ka kiko kiko. No laila, ʻo T½ ʻoi aku kahi ana o ka loaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole ma mua o ke ana maoli o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka insulin mai ka plasma (T½ o ka insulin mai ke kahawai. He mau minuke wale nō he mau minuke). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ʻana ʻo T½ ma kahi o 5-10 hola.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

ʻO Mikstard® 30 NM Penfill® kahi insulin hana ʻelua e hana ʻia e ka biotechnology DNA recombinant e hoʻohana ana i ka umauma Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hoʻopili ʻo ia me kahi kākelele kūikawā i ka membrane cytoplasmic o waho o nā pona a hana i kahi pūpū o insulin-receptor. Ma o ka hana ʻana o ka biosynthesis cAMP (i loko o nā pūnaʻi momona a me nā pūpuna o nā ʻona) a i ʻole ke komo ʻana i loko o nā pūnaewele (nāʻuʻuku), ua hoohoihoi ka insulin-receptor complex i nā kaʻina hana intracellular, e komo pū ana synthesis o ka helu o nā enzymes koʻikoʻi (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase, etc.). ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka glucose koko ka mea i ulu ʻia e ka hoʻonui i loko o kāna kaomi intracellular, hoʻonui i ke kūoʻi ʻana a me ka assimilation o nā kiko, hoʻoulu ʻana i ka lipogenesis, glycogenogenesis, protein synthesis, hoʻemi i ka hōʻemi o ka hana glucose i ka ʻāʻulu, etc.

Hoʻomaka ka hopena o ka lāʻau Mikstard® 30 NM Penfill® i loko o ka hapalua hola ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana, a hōʻike ʻia ka hopena kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o 2 mau hola, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ka hana ma kahi o 24 mau hola.

ʻ a me ke kākele

Hoʻomaʻawi pinepine ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau i ka insulin i hoʻokahi manawa a ʻelua paha i ka lā inā pono ke hui ʻia o ka hopena mua a i ka lōʻihi.

Koho ʻia ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokahi, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā pono o ka mea maʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma waena o 0.3 a me 1 IU / kg / lā. ʻOi paha ka pono o kēlā me kēia lā i ka insulin i ka mea maʻi me ka pale o ka insulin (no ka laʻana, no ka wā ʻōpiopio, a me ka poʻe maʻi me ka huelo), a haʻahaʻa ka poʻe maʻi me ka hoʻomaha o ka hana endogenous insulin.

Inā loaʻa e ka poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi kūloʻo i ka maʻi glycemic optimal, a laila hoʻohālikelike i ka maʻi maʻi i loko o lākou, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e kū mai ma hope. I kēia mea, pono ke ho'āʻo e ʻili i ka kaohi ʻana i ka metabola, ʻoi aku ka nānā pono ʻana i ka pae o ka glucose i ke koko.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i 30 mau minuke ma mua o kahi pāʻina a i ʻole kahi kīmona i loaʻa nā kīmona.

No ka hoʻokele kūmole. Ma lalo o nā kūlana e pono ai e hoʻopili ʻia ka pohō o ka insulin. ʻO Mikstard® 30 NM Penfill® e lawelawe pinepine ʻia ka nui o ka wahi i loko o ka wahi o ka paia ʻōiwi ʻōwili. Inā kūpono kēia, a laila hiki ke hana ʻia nā inikina ma ka ʻūhā, wahi a gluteal a i ʻole paha i ka ʻāina o ka pīhoihoi deltoid o ka poʻohiwi (subcutaneously). Me ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wahi o ka paia o ka ʻōpū o ka naʻau, e loaʻa ka wikiwiki o ke kō ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hana ʻana i kahi huakaʻi i loko o ka ʻili o ka ʻili e hoʻemi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka loko. Pono e hoʻololi mau i ka pūnaewele injection i loko o ka wahi anatomical i mea e hōʻemi ai ka hoʻonaninani o ka lipodystrophy.

Nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana me Mikstard® 30 NM Penfill® e hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea maʻi.

Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lāʻau Mikstard® 30 NMPenfill®pono ai:

E nānā i ka pale e hōʻoia ai ka wae pono o ka insulin e koho.

E nānā mau i ka pahu pahu, me ka piston kiko. Inā ʻike ʻia kekahi pōʻino, a i ʻole ʻike kahi hakahaka ma waena o ka piston kope a me ka kaila keʻokeʻo i hōʻailona ʻia, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia pahu kālala. No ke alakaʻi hou aku, e ʻike i nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻokele insulin.

E hoʻohana mau i kahi pono hou no kēlā me kēia inikua e pale aku ai i ka maʻi maʻi.

Hoʻopili i nā membrane pale me ka puʻupuʻu pale.

ʻO ka lāʻau Mikstard®30 nmPenfill®ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea i hōʻike ʻia aʻe:

I loko o kahi pane (pulu)

Inā holo ka pahu a i ka mea hoʻokomo paha, a i ʻole a māloʻi a i ʻole nāʻuʻī, e like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka leakema o ka insulin.

Inā hoʻomaka ka hypoglycemia (liʻiliʻi koko koko).

Inā ʻaʻole i mālama pono ʻia ka insulin, a i ʻole a mālamalama

Inā ʻaʻole e lilo i keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo a paʻa i ka wā ma hope o ka noho ʻana.

Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Mikstard® 30 NM Penfill®:

E nānā i ka lepili e hōʻoia ai ʻoe e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻano like o ka insulin.

Wehe i ka pāpale pale.

ʻO nā pono a me Mikstard® 30 NM Penfill® no ka hoʻohana pilikino wale nō.

Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau Mikstard® 30 NM Penfill®

ʻO ka lāʻau ʻo Mikstard® 30 NM Penfill® i manaʻo no ka hoʻokele subutaneus. Mai hoʻokaʻawale i ka insulin intravenously a i ʻole intramuscularly. E hoʻololi mau i nā pūnaewele injection i loko o ke kahua anatomical e hōʻemi i ka hopena o nā sila a me nā ulia ma ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO nā wahi maikaʻi loa no nā inikini: mau ʻūhā, nā ʻūhā mua a i ʻole poʻohiwi poʻohiwi.

Kahi ʻōlelo no ka mea maʻi e hoʻomau ai i ka insulin

Ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka pahu penika Penfill® i ka ʻōnaehana injection o ka insulin, hoʻokiʻekiʻe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pahu ma lalo o 10 mau manawa a i lalo i waena o nā kūlana a a me b, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana, no ka neʻe ʻana ka ʻaoʻao kīwī i loko o ka pahu pahu mai nā kihi o ka pahu pahu ma kahi ʻē aʻe ma kahi o 20 mau manawa. Ma mua o kēlā me kēia inikini, aia ka liʻiliʻi o 10 mau ʻano neʻe e hana. Pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia mau hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hiki i ka wai ke keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo. Inikua koke.