ʻO Maninil a me kāna mau kikowaena Hypoglycemic drug

NA ININA
ma ka hoʻohana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Maninil

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano
Nā Palaki

Hōʻike
Pākaukau 1 papa:
Nā mea waiwai: glibenclamide (ma ke ʻano micronized) 1.75 mg.
Nā mea kūlike: ka lactose monohala, kākala hua, gimetellosa, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, crimson dye (Ponceau 4R) (E124)

ʻOhiʻohi
i loko o nā pahu pahu o 120 pcs., i kahi ʻeke o nā kāleka 30 a 60 mau ʻona hoʻi.

Ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau
Lapaʻau lāʻau
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic Oral mai ka hui o nā derivatives o ka sulfonylurea o ka lua o ka hanauna.
Hoʻonohonoho ia i ka hana huna o ka insulin i ka paa ʻana i ka pancreatic β-cell membrane receptors pololei, hōʻemi i ka paepae no ka pancreatic β-cell glucose irritation, hoʻonui i ka naʻau o ka insulin a me kona paʻa ʻana i nā cell target, hoʻonui i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka insulin, hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka insulin ma ka glucose glucose uptake a me ka ʻaʻi, ma ia mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻike o ka glucose i ka koko. Nā hana i ka lua o ka hana ʻana o ka inikini insulin. Mālama ia i ka lipolysis ma ka kiko adipose. Loaʻa ia i kahi hopena lipid-hoʻohaʻahaʻa, hoʻoemi i nā waiwai thrombogenic o ke koko.
ʻO Maninil® 1.5 a me Maninil® 3.5 i loko o ka micronized he mīkini kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kahua o ka glibenclamide, e ʻae ʻia ka lāʻau e holo koke ʻana mai ke kaʻe o ka digestive wikiwiki. I ka pili me ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka Cmax o glibenclamide i loko o ka plasma, ua like ka hopena hypoglycemic kokoke i ka manawa e hoʻonui ai i ka piʻi o ka glucose i ke koko ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka physiological. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hana hypoglycemic mau hola 20-24.
Hoʻopuka ka hopena hypoglycemic o ka lāʻau Maninil® 5 ma hope o 2 mau hola a lōʻihi 12 mau hola.

Lapaʻau lāʻau
Kapehu
Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka Maninil 1.75 a me Maninil 3.5, ʻike wikiwiki ʻia a kokoke hoʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana mai ka ʻōpū o ka gastrointestinal. Hoʻokuʻu piha i ka microionized ikaika hana i loko o 5 mau minuke.
Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana o Maninil 5, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana mai ka ʻeha o ka gastrointestinal he 48-84%. Nā hola Tmax - nā hola 1-2.Aʻole bioavailability piha - 49-59%.
Kahele
ʻO ka pilina protein Plasma heʻoi aku ma mua o 98% no Maninil 1.75 a me Maninil 3.5, 95% no Maninil 5.
Metabolism a me ka hoʻopā ʻana
Ua aneane pau loa i ke kāʻei o ka ate me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā metabolites ʻelua i hana ʻia, kekahi o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia e nā palaka, a me nā ʻē aʻe.
T1 / 2 no Maninil 1.75 a me Maninil 3.5 he 1.5-3.5 hola, no Maninil 5 - 3-16 hola.

Maninil, hōʻike hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 2 (non-insulin-dependant) me ka hana ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻaʻai, ʻoki kaumaha me ka momona a me ka hoʻoikaika kino.

Nā Hoʻohui
Hypersensitivity (me nā lālani sulfonamide a me nā derivatives sulfonylurea), type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-depend), decabensation metabolic (ketoacidosis, precoma, coma), hōʻemi pancreatic, ʻeha nui a me nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū, kekahi mau maʻi kūlohelohe. (no ka laʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā metabolism i ka maʻi hopohopo, ke kau ʻana, nā hōʻeha a ma hope o nā hōʻeha nui ʻana i ka wā i hōʻike ʻia aku ai ka maʻi ʻana o ka insulin), leukopenia, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, paresis o ka ʻōpū. nā kūlana i hele pū me ka malabsorption o ka meaʻai a me ka ulu ʻana o hypoglycemia, hapai a me ka manawa o ka umauma.

ʻLoe a me ke kākele
ʻO Maninyl 1.75 ka mea i lawe ʻia ma ke alo, kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, ma mua o ka papaʻaina, me ka ʻaika ʻole. Hoʻomoe ʻia ka pākēkē i kēlā me kēia, ma muli o ka nui o ka maʻi.
ʻO ka ʻōmua mua he 1/2 papa, ʻo ka maʻamau he 2 papa. i kēlā me kēia lā, kiʻekiʻe loa - 3, ma nā hihia kūikawā - 4 papa. i ka la. Inā pono e lawe i nā dosis kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau (a hiki i ka 14 mg / lā), huli lākou i ka 3.5 mg maninil.

ʻŌpū a me ka lactation
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wā hāpai a i ka wā a ka umauma.
I ka wā e ulu ai ka wā hāpai, pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lāʻau.

Nā hopena hopena
Hiki iā Hypoglycemia (me ka ʻai ʻana o ka ʻai, kahi overdose o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, me ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika kino, a me ka ʻai wai ʻona) nui ʻole.
Mai ka hanā hana ʻana: mau manawa - ka mualea, ka luaʻi ʻana, i kekahi mau hihia - jaundice cholestatic, hepatitis.
Mai ka ʻōnaehana hemopoietic: līpoki loa - thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, erythrocytopenia (a hiki i pancytopenia), i kekahi mau hihia - anemia hemolytic.
He maʻi kūloko: ʻaʻole i loaʻa pinepine - ka ʻupena o ka ʻili, ke kuni, ka ʻōpū, ka proteinuria.
Nā mea ʻē aʻe: i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana, hiki i kahi maʻi noho hoʻololi ke hiki. I nā hanana pinepine, photosensitivity.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī
I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me Maninil®, pono loa e hahai i nā ʻōlelo a ke kauka e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka nānā ponoʻī ʻana i ke kaʻe o ka glucose o ke koko.
ʻO ka lōʻihi i ka noho ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki ʻole i ka lako o ka nui o ka ʻai, ka hoʻoikaika kino kino, ke kū ʻana a i ʻole ka luaʻi a he hopena paha ka hypoglycemia.
ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hopena ma ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokoe ma waena, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko (me nā beta-blockers), a me peripheral neuropathy, hiki ke uhi pū i nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia.
I nā poʻe maʻi ʻelemakule, ʻoi aʻe ka kiʻekiʻe o ka uluʻana o ka hypoglycemia, no laila, he koho maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka nui o ka lāʻau a me ka mālama pinepine ʻana i ka neʻe o ka glucose i ke koko ma loko o kahi ʻōpū ʻole a ma hope o ka ʻai, pono ʻia i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka mālama ʻana, pono.
Hiki i ke kīhāpai ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypoglycemia, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi ʻano disulfiram-like (nausea, luaʻi, ʻeha ʻana i ka ʻōpū, ʻike ʻana i ka wela ma ka ihu a me ke kino o luna, tachycardia, dizziness, headache), no laila e hōʻemi ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻona ma ke ʻano me Maninil®.
ʻO nā hōʻiliʻili nui a me nā hōʻeha, nā wela ākea, nā maʻi maʻi me ka febrile syndrome e koi ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā lāʻau hypoglycemic waha a me ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka insulin.
I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻike i ka lā.

Hoʻokomo i ka hiki ke lawe i nā kaʻa a me nā mīkini ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka nui o ka makaʻala
I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono e mālama nā mea maʻi i ka wā e alakaʻi ana i nā kaʻa a me nā hana ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka nānā nui a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor.

Hoʻohui nūhou
ʻO ka hoʻonani ʻana i ka hopena hypoglycemic o Maninil® ka mea i ka wā e lawe ai i nā mea paʻa o ka ACE, nā mea hoʻohui a me nā keʻena male kāne, nā ʻenekini hypoglycemic oral (e.g., acarbose, biguanides) a me insulin, azapropazone, NSAIDs, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, chlorofibrinol derivatives, chinofenolone ona nā mea hui, derivatives Coumarin, disopyramide, fenfluramine, antifungal drug (miconazole, fluconazole), fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, PA SC, pentoxifylline (i nā inikua kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻokele makua), perhexylin, derivatif pyrazolone, phosphamides (e.g. cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, trophosphamide), probenecid, salicylates, sulfonamides, tetracyclines a me tritoqualin.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻaihini e hoʻohuihui i ka urine (ammonium chloride, calcium chloride) i ka hopena o ka lāʻau Maninil® ma o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna kipi a hoʻonui i kona reabsorption.
ʻO ka hopena hypoglycemic o Maninil® hiki ke emi me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o ka barbiturates, isoniazid, diazoxide, GCS, glucagon, nicotinates (ma nā helu koʻikoʻi), phenytoin, fenothiazines, rifampicin, thiazide diuretics, acetazolamide, contraceptives a me nā estropogen. , nā mea ʻala o nā hāmeʻa haʻalulu lohi, nā paʻakai lithium.
Hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ʻawaʻawa o ka H2 receptor, ma ka lima, a hoʻonui i ka hopena hypoglycemic o Maninil® ma ka ʻaoʻao.
I nā hihia pilikia, hiki i ka pentamidine ke hōʻeha i kahi hoʻonui nui a hoʻonui paha i ka kaila glucose wai.
Me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana me ka lāʻau Maninil®, hiki i ka hopena o nā derivatives Coumarin a i emi paha a emi mai paha.
Me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hana hypoglycemic, beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine a me ka reserpine, a me ka lāʻau me ka hoʻokūkū kūloko o ka hana, hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ka manaʻo o nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia.

Ke keu
Nā hōʻailona: hypoglycemia (pōloli, hyperthermia, tachycardia, drowsiness, nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali o ka ʻili, nā puʻuwai ākea o nā neʻe, nā haʻalulu, nā hopohopo maʻamau, hopohopo, hōʻeha, ka maʻi palaualelo transient (e.g., ʻikea a me ka haʻi ʻana i ka maʻi, paresis a paralysis paha. ka loli ʻana o nā sensations.) Me ka holomua o ka hypoglycemia, hiki i nā mea maʻi ke nalowale i kā lākou pale a me ka ʻike, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka comog hypoglycemic.
Hanaʻia: ma ka hihia o ka hypoglycemia maʻalahi, pono ka mea maʻi e lawe i kahi ʻāpana o ke kō, nā meaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​mea inu me kahi ʻona momona (ka meli, ka meli, kahi aniani o ke kīʻaha ʻona) i loko. I ka ʻike o ka nalowale o ka ʻike, pono ia e hoʻoili i ka glucose glucose - 40-80 ml o ka hopena o 40% dextrose (glucose), a laila infusion o 5-10% hopena o ka dextrose. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ka 1 mg o ka glucagon i loko o / i, / m a i ʻole c / c. Inā ʻike ʻole ka mea maʻi i ka ʻike, a laila hiki ke hoʻomau i kēia ana; ʻoi aku ke koi ʻia o ka maʻi ikaika.

Nā kūlana mālama
Store ma kahi pouli i loko o kahi mahana ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 25 ° C.

ʻO ka lā kau
3 mau makahiki

Hōʻanoʻike

Hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mea hoʻoponopono o nā metabolism glucose, ʻo Manin, i ka wā hoʻōla, hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka insulin-receptors, hoʻoulu i ka hoʻokuʻu i ka insulin endogenous e ka pancreas.

Eia kekahi, ke kāohi nei i ka gluconeogenesis hepatic a me ka glycogenolysis, mālama i ka lipolysis glucose, a e hōʻemi ana i ka thrombogenicity koko. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hopena hypoglycemic i hana ʻia e ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma 2 mau hola ma hope o ka 12 hola he 12 hola.

Nā Papa Helu Glibenclamide Maninyl 3.5 mg

ʻO ka māhele hoʻolaʻa haʻahaʻa o Maninil - glibenclamide, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano micronized, he hopena ʻulaʻuwale maikaʻi, hoʻopili koke ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū ma ka 48-84%. Ma hope o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻopau loa ka glibenclamide i loko o 5 mau minuke. ʻO ka papa hana ikaika i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka palā a me ka hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻōpū a me ka bile.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka papa hana me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mea hana 1 papa.

Pale nā ​​ʻōlapa ʻana me ka cylindrical ma ke ʻano, me kahi chamfer a hōʻailona ʻia i pili i kekahi o nā mea heʻe, he ʻulaʻulaʻula.

ʻO ka mea hana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo FC Berlin-Chemie; i loko o nā kīkena i hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia ia e ke kumu lāʻau. Hoʻopaʻa ka lāʻau i nā hue wai o ka pulu māmā, 120 pcs o kēlā me kēia. ma kēlā me kēia, hoʻopili ʻia nā hue iā lākou iho i kahi pahu pepa. ʻO nā ʻatikala Latin no Maninil e like me kēia: Maninil.

Wahi a nā haʻawina, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono i ka wā e lawe ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi cardiovascular a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi ole o ka insulin, me ka make me ka pili ʻana i kēia maʻi.

Nā kuʻuna i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me nā hōʻike no ka hoʻohana

Ke poʻo inoaHe kumukūʻai ma RusiaKumukūʻai ma Ukraine
ʻO Glibenclamide Glibenclamide30 ʻōpala7 UAH
ʻO ka Glibenclamide-Health Glibenclamide--12 UAH

ʻO ka papa inoa ma luna o nā mea hoʻohālikelike lapaʻau, e hōʻike ana Hoʻololi ʻo Maninil, kūpono loa ia no ka mea ua like lākou me ka like o nā mea hana a me ke kūleʻa e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana no ka hoʻohana

Nā kumuhana ma o ka hōʻike ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana

Ke poʻo inoaHe kumukūʻai ma RusiaKumukūʻai ma Ukraine
Glyurenorm glycidone94 ʻōpala43 UAH
ʻO Bisogamma Glyclazide91 ʻōpala182 UAH
ʻO Glidiab Glyclazide100 rub170 UAH
Diabeton MR --92 UAH
Diagnizide mr Gliclazide--15 UAH
ʻO Glidia MV Gliclazide----
ʻO Glykinorm Gliclazide----
Hoʻolaha ʻia Gliclazide231 rub57 UAH
Glyclazide 30 MV-Indar Glyclazide----
Hoʻolaha-Hoʻolima Glyclazide-Health--36 UAH
ʻO Glioral Glyclazide----
Hoʻolaha Glaclazide Diagnizide--14 UAH
Diazide MV Gliclazide--46 UAH
Osliklid Gliclazide--68 UAH
Gliclazide Diadeon----
ʻO Glyclazide MV Gliclazide4 ʻōpala--
Amaril 27 ʻōpala4 UAH
Glimepiride ʻO Glemaz----
Hoʻolaha ʻia ka inoa momona--77 UAH
ʻO Glimepiride Glyride--149 UAH
Diapiride Glimepiride--23 UAH
Alarahi --12 UAH
Hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo Glimax--35 UAH
Gimepiride-Lugal glimepiride--69 UAH
Clay glimepiride--66 UAH
Glabepiride diabrex--142 UAH
Nā glimepiride ʻo Meglimide----
Melpamide Glimepiride--84 UAH
ʻO ka glimepiride Perinel----
Hoʻohui ----
Kahiʻu ----
Gimepiride glimepiride27 ʻōpala42 UAH
ʻO Glimepiride-teva glimepiride--57 UAH
Gimepiride Canon glimepiride50 ʻōpala--
ʻO Glimepiride Pharmstandard glimepiride----
Dimaril glimepiride--21 UAH
ʻO Glamepiride diamerid2 hoʻoheʻe--

Ka ʻokoʻa like, hiki ke pili pū i ka hōʻike a me ke ʻano o ka noi

Ke poʻo inoaHe kumukūʻai ma RusiaKumukūʻai ma Ukraine
Avantomed rosiglitazone, metformin hydrochloride----
Bagometua Metformin--30 UAH
He metformin Glucofage12 ʻōpala15 UAH
Huʻi ʻia ka metformin xr--50 UAH
ʻO Reduxin Met Metinin, ʻo Sibutramine20 ʻōpala--
Dianormet --19 UAH
Metformin Diaformin--5 UAH
ʻO ke metformin metformin13 ʻōpala12 UAH
Metformin metozin metformin--13 UAH
Siofor 208 ʻōpala27 UAH
ʻO ka metformin hydrochloride----
ʻO Emnorm EP Metformin----
Megifort Metformin--15 UAH
Metamine Metformin--20 UAH
Metamine SR Metformin--20 UAH
Metfogamma metformin256 ʻōpala17 UAH
ʻO Tefor metformin----
Glycometer ----
Glycomet SR ----
Kālaiʻa 37 ʻōpala--
Metformin Canon metformin, ovidone K 90, mauʻa palaoa, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, talc26 ʻōpala--
Insuffor metformin hydrochloride--25 UAH
Metformin-teva metformin43 ʻōpala22 UAH
Diaformin SR metformin--18 UAH
Mepharmil Metformin--13 UAH
Metformin Metformin----
Amaryl M Limepiride Maikaʻi ʻia, Metformin Hydrochloride856 ʻōpala40 UAH
ʻO ka glibenclamide glibomet, metformin257 ʻōpala101 UAH
ʻO Glucovans glibenclamide, metformin34 ʻōpala8 UAH
Dianorm-m Glyclazide, Metformin--115 UAH
Dibizid-m glipizide, metformin--30 UAH
Douglimax glimepiride, metformin--44 UAH
Duotrol glibenclamide, metformin----
Hoʻolauleʻa 45 kahi--
Glibofor metformin hydrochloride, glibenclamide--16 UAH
Avandamet ----
Avandaglim ----
ʻO metumin metumin, sitagliptin9 ʻōpala1 UAH
Velmetia metformin, sitagliptin6026 rub--
Galvus Met vildagliptin, metformin259 ʻōpala1195 UAH
ʻO glimepiride Tripride, metformin, pioglitazone--83 UAH
Huihui XR metformin, saxagliptin--424 UAH
Metformin Comboglyz Prolong, saxagliptin130 ʻōpala--
Gentadueto linagliptin, metformin----
ʻO ka metformin Vipdomet, alogliptin55 ʻ .pū1750 UAH
Sinjardi empagliflozin, metformin hydrochloride240 ʻōpala--
ʻO Voglibose Oxide--21 UAH
He pioglitazone Glutazone--66 UAH
ʻO Dropia Sanovel pioglitazone----
ʻO Jasonvia sitagliptin1369 ʻōpala277 UAH
Galvus vildagliptin245 ʻōpala895 UAH
Onglisa saxagliptin1472 ʻōpala48 UAH
Nesina alogliptin----
Vipidia alogliptin350 ʻōpala1250 UAH
Trazhenta linagliptin89 ʻōpala1434 UAH
Lixumia lixisenatide--2498 UAH
Guanem guar gum9950 ʻōpala24 UAH
Hoʻopau ka Insvada----
ʻO Novonorm Repaglinide30 ʻōpala90 UAH
Hoʻokomo ʻo Repodiab Repaglinide----
Baeta Exenatide150 ʻōpala4600 UAH
Baeta Long Exenatide10248 ʻōpala--
Viktoza liraglutide8823 kahaki2900 UAH
Saxenda liraglutide1374 ʻōpala13773 UAH
Forksiga Dapagliflozin--18 UAH
Forsiga Dapagliflozin12 ʻōpala3200 UAH
Invocana canagliflozin13 ʻōpala3200 UAH
Jardins Empagliflozin222 ʻōpala566 UAH
Trulicity Dulaglutide115 ʻōpala--

Pehea e ʻike ai i kahi analogue ʻano maʻalahi o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau nui?

No ka ʻike ʻana i kahi analogue kūʻai like ʻole i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kahi generic a i ʻole synonymation, ʻo ka mea mua mua mākou i manaʻo no ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻo ia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea kaha a me nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana. Hōʻike ka mea like ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka lapaʻau a like pū me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kūloko a me ka mea pono i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia naʻe, mai poina e pili ana i nā māhele like ʻole o nā lāʻau like like, hiki ke pili i ka palekana a me ka hana. Mai poina e pili ana i nā kauoha a nā kauka, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ponoʻī ke hōʻeha i kou olakino, no laila e ʻōlelo mau i kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau.

Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana

Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokele Manilin no ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi ʻano like ʻole o ka insulin i ke ʻano maʻi diabetes mellitus (o ke ʻano lua). Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole hui pū ai me nā lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa kahi ʻo ka hui pū me nā glinides a me nā derebatives sulfonylurea.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka dosage a me nā hoʻokele

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Ingestion o Maninil ma mua o ka papa ʻai, holoi ʻia a ʻū ʻole ʻole.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka dosage i kēlā me kēia lā e ka nānā ʻana o ka endocrinologist i hoʻokahi.

  1. ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i kahi o nā papa 2 i kēlā me kēia lā, a laila pono e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau i hoʻokahi manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke kakahiaka - ma mua o ka ʻaina kakahiaka.
  2. i ka wā e koho ai i kahi papa kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ka lawe ʻia ʻana i 2 mau wai - i kakahiaka - ma ke kakahiaka - ma mua o ka ʻaina kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi - ma mua o ka ʻaina.

ʻO ka hoʻoholo i nā kumu no ke koho ʻana i kahi hoʻoponopono lapaʻau ka nui o nā makahiki, ka nui o ka maʻi, a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka glucose i ke koko ma ka ʻōpū ʻole a ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana ma hope o 2 mau hola.

Ma kahi o ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana a ke kauka i ʻōlelo ʻia e kekahi kauka, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia i ka nui. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka dosage a hiki i ka pae kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokō ʻia - mai 2 a 7, mau lā ma lalo o ka mākaʻi o kahi kauka.

Ma ka hihia o Maninil mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe me ka hopena hypoglycemic, ua kuhikuhi ʻia kona keʻena ma kahi ʻano nui, inā pono, hoʻonui ʻia, hana maikaʻi ʻia a ʻokoʻa ma lalo o ka mālama maʻi.

Nā Hana Kūloko Muaʻo Maninil:

  • mau mea 1.75 mg o ka laoa ikaika - iā 1-2 mau papa i ka lā hoʻokahi. ʻOi aku ka nui loa ma mua o ka 6 papa i ka lā,
  • nona ka 3.5 mg o ka hana ikaika - Nānā 1 / 2-1 papa i hoʻokahi lā. ʻO ka nui maʻa loa he 3 papa i kēlā me kēia lā,
  • nona ka 5 mg o ka launa ikaika - ka ½1-1 papa 1 ka manawa i ka lā. ʻO ka dosie ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa i ke ao he 3 mau papa.

ʻOi aku ka ʻelemakule (ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau makahiki), ka poʻe e pili ana i nā mea paʻa, a me ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka puʻuwai kino a i ʻole ka palupalu ʻana i loko o ka maʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā hōʻemi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka hypoglycemia.

Inā poina ʻoe i hoʻokahi kauʻai, hana ʻia kahi manamana hou ma Maninil i kahi pāʻālua maʻamau (ʻaʻole i hoʻonui) i ka manawa maʻamau.

Nā hopena hopena

Hoʻowahāwahā ka maʻi maʻi i kēia lāʻau e like me ke ahi!

Pono ʻoe e koi ...

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā haunaele i ka hana o kekahi mau ʻōnaehana e nānā pono ana iā Maninil e nānā pinepine ʻole ʻia nei. Hiki i kā lākou ʻike kikoʻī:

  • mai ka maʻi ʻeha o ka gastrointestinal - i ke ʻano o ka nausea, ka belching, ka ʻeha o ke kaumaha i loko o ka ʻōpū, ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻaha metallic i loko o ka waha, ʻohi,
  • mai ka akio - i ke ʻano o ka hoʻōla pōkole o nā huina o nā ate, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka cholestasis intrahepatic a i ʻole hepatitis,
  • mai ka aoao o ka metabolism - i ke ʻano o ka paona a me ka hypoglycemia me kāna mau hiʻohiʻona - ka haʻalulu, nui ka hoʻonui ʻana, ka hū ʻana, hoʻomoe ʻia ka moe, hopohopo, migraine, ʻike ʻole a haʻi ʻia paha ka ʻōlelo,
  • ma ka ʻāpana o ka pale ʻana - i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole i kūlike i ka ʻāhiu - petechiae, haki, hyperthermia, photosensitivity a me nā mea ʻē aʻe,
  • mai ka ʻōnaehana hematopoietic - i loko o ka ʻano o thrombocytopenia, anemia hemolytic, erythrocytopenia,
  • ma ka aoao o na kiko mele - ma ke ʻano o kahi kolohe o ka noho ʻana.

ʻO ke kuhi koʻikoʻi ʻoiai e lawe ana iā Maninil i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā ʻōlelo olakino e pili ana i ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻoliʻi kūlohelohe o ka glucose glucose. Ma kahi o kahi overdose, hiki i ka hypoglycemia ke ulu pū me kāna mau hōʻailona ʻano.

I ka hihia o nā hōʻailona kūlohelohe o ka overdose, ua paipai ʻia e ʻai i kahi kōpili liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​meaʻai momona me ka hoʻoweliweli maʻalahi. E pili ana i nā ʻano maʻi overdose, iv ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka hopena o ka glucose. Ma kahi o glucose, ʻae ʻia a ʻoi aku hoʻi e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻonāukiuki a ka maʻiagonona.


Hoʻopilikia ka hopena o ka hypoglycemia inā:

  • mea inu waiʻona
  • nele o nā kīnā
  • lōʻihi ka lau ʻana ma waena o nā papaʻai,
  • hōkeo a iʻa paha,
  • hoʻoikaika ikaika kino.

Hiki ke uhiʻia nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia i ka wā e lawe ana i ka Maninil me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka ʻoihana sentral a i ʻole e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko.

Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka hopena o Maninil aʻo ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia me ka barbiturates, ka mana hoʻomalu a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou e pili ana i ka hormone. A ma nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka hoʻohana like ʻana o nā anticoagulants, reserpine, tetracyclines, hiki i nā anabolic steroid ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana.

Kūʻai a me nā contraindications

Ke mālama nei me Maninil, e aʻo ʻia e pale aku i ka lohi o ka lā, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ʻana i ka wā e hoʻokele ana i kahi kaʻa, hoʻokō i nā mea ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka manaʻo, ʻike, a me nā hana wikiwiki.

Ka lāʻau hypoglycemic contraindicated ma ka hanana o ka:

  • maʻi diabetes-hilinaʻi
  • pūpū hema
  • ālai ʻole,
  • maʻi maʻamau ketoacidosis,
  • coma maʻiʻai ʻole precoma,
  • paresis o ka ʻōpū
  • leukopenia
  • lactose intolerance a me ka nele o ka lactase,
  • hoʻonui mahanū i ka mea ikaika - glibenclamide a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka waihona o ka lāʻau,
  • hypersensitivity a PSM, a me sulfonamides a me diuretics e pili ana i nā hua palapala o ka hui sulfonamide,
  • ka hemo o ka pancreas.

ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana o Maninil a me kāna hoʻololi me ka insulin i hana ʻia inā:

  • nā maʻi hopuna i hele pū ʻia me nā mea hōʻike febrile,
  • kaʻina hoʻopunipuni kaʻenehana
  • pālahalaha nui,
  • nā hōʻeha
  • ʻo ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka mea e pono ai no ka pale umauma.

Me ka mālama aka, pono e lawe ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i mua o nā hana o ka pala o ka thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, ʻāʻī hoʻonaninani i lawe ʻia e ka inu ʻawaʻawa.

Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi lāʻau hypoglycemic maʻi i nā keiki.

Pehea e hoʻololi ai iā Maninil: nā mea hoʻohui a me nā kumu kūʻai

E like me ka hapa nui o ka lāʻau āpau, he hoʻohiwahiwa a me nā kūmole Maninil. ʻO ka hana like kekahi nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohiolo ana i ke kō, ʻo ia ka mea ikaika e hoʻōla nei i ka glibenclamide.

Nā Maninyl 3,5 analogues:

  • ʻO Glibomet - mai 339 mau rubles,
  • ʻO Glibenclamide - mai 46 mau rubles,
  • Maninil 5 - mai 125 rubles.

ʻO nā maʻi me ka mahalo i nā analogues, he nui nā nīnau, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - Maninil a i Glibenclamide paha? I kēia hihia, maʻalahi nā mea āpau. ʻO Glibenclamide ʻo Maninil. ʻO ka lua wale nō kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohālikelike nei i ka hana o ka mua.

A ʻoi aʻe ka maikaʻi - Maninil a i ʻole Glidiab? I kēia hihia, ʻaʻohe pane koʻikoʻi, no ka mea e hilinaʻi i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka mea maʻi.

Nā hōʻikeʻike o Maninil no ke ʻano maʻi type 2 ma ka hopena therapeutic:


  • ʻO Amaril - mai 350 rubles,
  • Vazoton - mai 246 mau rubles,
  • ʻO Arfazetin - mai 55 mau rubles,
  • Kūkulu - mai nā 127 rubles,
  • Listata - mai 860 rubles,
  • Diabeton - mai 278 mau rubles,
  • Xenical - mai 800 rubles,
  • me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ke koho nei i kahi kikoʻī o Maninil, hōʻike ka poʻe loea i ka makemake ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia e nā ʻenehana Kepani, ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa: ʻo Green Richter, Krka, Zentiv, Hexal a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻŌlelo aʻo Maninil

NA ININA
ma ka hoʻohana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Maninil

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano
Nā Palaki

Hōʻike
Pākaukau 1 papa:
Nā mea waiwai: glibenclamide (ma ke ʻano micronized) 1.75 mg.
Nā mea kūlike: ka lactose monohala, kākala hua, gimetellosa, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, crimson dye (Ponceau 4R) (E124)

ʻOhiʻohi
i loko o nā pahu pahu o 120 pcs., i kahi ʻeke o nā kāleka 30 a 60 mau ʻona hoʻi.

Ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau
Lapaʻau lāʻau
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau hypoglycemic Oral mai ka hui o nā derivatives o ka sulfonylurea o ka lua o ka hanauna.
Hoʻonohonoho ia i ka hana huna o ka insulin i ka paa ʻana i ka pancreatic β-cell membrane receptors pololei, hōʻemi i ka paepae no ka pancreatic β-cell glucose irritation, hoʻonui i ka naʻau o ka insulin a me kona paʻa ʻana i nā cell target, hoʻonui i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka insulin, hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka insulin ma ka glucose glucose uptake a me ka ʻaʻi, ma ia mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻike o ka glucose i ka koko. Nā hana i ka lua o ka hana ʻana o ka inikini insulin. Mālama ia i ka lipolysis ma ka kiko adipose. Loaʻa ia i kahi hopena lipid-hoʻohaʻahaʻa, hoʻoemi i nā waiwai thrombogenic o ke koko.
ʻO Maninil® 1.5 a me Maninil® 3.5 i loko o ka micronized he mīkini kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kahua o ka glibenclamide, e ʻae ʻia ka lāʻau e holo koke ʻana mai ke kaʻe o ka digestive wikiwiki. I ka pili me ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka Cmax o glibenclamide i loko o ka plasma, ua like ka hopena hypoglycemic kokoke i ka manawa e hoʻonui ai i ka piʻi o ka glucose i ke koko ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka physiological. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hana hypoglycemic mau hola 20-24.
Hoʻopuka ka hopena hypoglycemic o ka lāʻau Maninil® 5 ma hope o 2 mau hola a lōʻihi 12 mau hola.

Lapaʻau lāʻau
Kapehu
Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka Maninil 1.75 a me Maninil 3.5, ʻike wikiwiki ʻia a kokoke hoʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana mai ka ʻōpū o ka gastrointestinal. Hoʻokuʻu piha i ka microionized ikaika hana i loko o 5 mau minuke.
Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana o Maninil 5, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana mai ka ʻeha o ka gastrointestinal he 48-84%. Nā hola Tmax - nā hola 1-2.Aʻole bioavailability piha - 49-59%.
Kahele
ʻO ka pilina protein Plasma heʻoi aku ma mua o 98% no Maninil 1.75 a me Maninil 3.5, 95% no Maninil 5.
Metabolism a me ka hoʻopā ʻana
Ua aneane pau loa i ke kāʻei o ka ate me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā metabolites ʻelua i hana ʻia, kekahi o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia e nā palaka, a me nā ʻē aʻe.
T1 / 2 no Maninil 1.75 a me Maninil 3.5 he 1.5-3.5 hola, no Maninil 5 - 3-16 hola.

Maninil, hōʻike hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 2 (non-insulin-dependant) me ka hana ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻaʻai, ʻoki kaumaha me ka momona a me ka hoʻoikaika kino.

Nā Hoʻohui
Hypersensitivity (me nā lālani sulfonamide a me nā derivatives sulfonylurea), type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-depend), decabensation metabolic (ketoacidosis, precoma, coma), hōʻemi pancreatic, ʻeha nui a me nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū, kekahi mau maʻi kūlohelohe. (no ka laʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā metabolism i ka maʻi hopohopo, ke kau ʻana, nā hōʻeha a ma hope o nā hōʻeha nui ʻana i ka wā i hōʻike ʻia aku ai ka maʻi ʻana o ka insulin), leukopenia, ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, paresis o ka ʻōpū. nā kūlana i hele pū me ka malabsorption o ka meaʻai a me ka ulu ʻana o hypoglycemia, hapai a me ka manawa o ka umauma.

ʻLoe a me ke kākele
ʻO Maninyl 1.75 ka mea i lawe ʻia ma ke alo, kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, ma mua o ka papaʻaina, me ka ʻaika ʻole. Hoʻomoe ʻia ka pākēkē i kēlā me kēia, ma muli o ka nui o ka maʻi.
ʻO ka ʻōmua mua he 1/2 papa, ʻo ka maʻamau he 2 papa. i kēlā me kēia lā, kiʻekiʻe loa - 3, ma nā hihia kūikawā - 4 papa. i ka la. Inā pono e lawe i nā dosis kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau (a hiki i ka 14 mg / lā), huli lākou i ka 3.5 mg maninil.

ʻŌpū a me ka lactation
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wā hāpai a i ka wā a ka umauma.
I ka wā e ulu ai ka wā hāpai, pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lāʻau.

Nā hopena hopena
Hiki iā Hypoglycemia (me ka ʻai ʻana o ka ʻai, kahi overdose o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, me ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika kino, a me ka ʻai wai ʻona) nui ʻole.
Mai ka hanā hana ʻana: mau manawa - ka mualea, ka luaʻi ʻana, i kekahi mau hihia - jaundice cholestatic, hepatitis.
Mai ka ʻōnaehana hemopoietic: līpoki loa - thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, erythrocytopenia (a hiki i pancytopenia), i kekahi mau hihia - anemia hemolytic.
He maʻi kūloko: ʻaʻole i loaʻa pinepine - ka ʻupena o ka ʻili, ke kuni, ka ʻōpū, ka proteinuria.
Nā mea ʻē aʻe: i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mālama ʻana, hiki i kahi maʻi noho hoʻololi ke hiki. I nā hanana pinepine, photosensitivity.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī
I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me Maninil®, pono loa e hahai i nā ʻōlelo a ke kauka e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka nānā ponoʻī ʻana i ke kaʻe o ka glucose o ke koko.
ʻO ka lōʻihi i ka noho ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki ʻole i ka lako o ka nui o ka ʻai, ka hoʻoikaika kino kino, ke kū ʻana a i ʻole ka luaʻi a he hopena paha ka hypoglycemia.
ʻO ka hoʻohana like ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hopena ma ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokoe ma waena, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko (me nā beta-blockers), a me peripheral neuropathy, hiki ke uhi pū i nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia.
I nā poʻe maʻi ʻelemakule, ʻoi aʻe ka kiʻekiʻe o ka uluʻana o ka hypoglycemia, no laila, he koho maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka nui o ka lāʻau a me ka mālama pinepine ʻana i ka neʻe o ka glucose i ke koko ma loko o kahi ʻōpū ʻole a ma hope o ka ʻai, pono ʻia i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka mālama ʻana, pono.
Hiki i ke kīhāpai ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hypoglycemia, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi ʻano disulfiram-like (nausea, luaʻi, ʻeha ʻana i ka ʻōpū, ʻike ʻana i ka wela ma ka ihu a me ke kino o luna, tachycardia, dizziness, headache), no laila e hōʻemi ʻoe i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻona ma ke ʻano me Maninil®.
ʻO nā hōʻiliʻili nui a me nā hōʻeha, nā wela ākea, nā maʻi maʻi me ka febrile syndrome e koi ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā lāʻau hypoglycemic waha a me ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka insulin.
I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻike i ka lā.

Hoʻokomo i ka hiki ke lawe i nā kaʻa a me nā mīkini ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka nui o ka makaʻala
I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, pono e mālama nā mea maʻi i ka wā e alakaʻi ana i nā kaʻa a me nā hana ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka nānā nui a me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena psychomotor.

Hoʻohui nūhou
ʻO ka hoʻonani ʻana i ka hopena hypoglycemic o Maninil® ka mea i ka wā e lawe ai i nā mea paʻa o ka ACE, nā mea hoʻohui a me nā keʻena male kāne, nā ʻenekini hypoglycemic oral (e.g., acarbose, biguanides) a me insulin, azapropazone, NSAIDs, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, chlorofibrinol derivatives, chinofenolone ona nā mea hui, derivatives Coumarin, disopyramide, fenfluramine, antifungal drug (miconazole, fluconazole), fluoxetine, MAO inhibitors, PA SC, pentoxifylline (i nā inikua kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻokele makua), perhexylin, derivatif pyrazolone, phosphamides (e.g. cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, trophosphamide), probenecid, salicylates, sulfonamides, tetracyclines a me tritoqualin.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻaihini e hoʻohuihui i ka urine (ammonium chloride, calcium chloride) i ka hopena o ka lāʻau Maninil® ma o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna kipi a hoʻonui i kona reabsorption.
ʻO ka hopena hypoglycemic o Maninil® hiki ke emi me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o ka barbiturates, isoniazid, diazoxide, GCS, glucagon, nicotinates (ma nā helu koʻikoʻi), phenytoin, fenothiazines, rifampicin, thiazide diuretics, acetazolamide, contraceptives a me nā estropogen. , nā mea ʻala o nā hāmeʻa haʻalulu lohi, nā paʻakai lithium.
Hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ʻawaʻawa o ka H2 receptor, ma ka lima, a hoʻonui i ka hopena hypoglycemic o Maninil® ma ka ʻaoʻao.
I nā hihia pilikia, hiki i ka pentamidine ke hōʻeha i kahi hoʻonui nui a hoʻonui paha i ka kaila glucose wai.
Me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana me ka lāʻau Maninil®, hiki i ka hopena o nā derivatives Coumarin a i emi paha a emi mai paha.
Me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hana hypoglycemic, beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine a me ka reserpine, a me ka lāʻau me ka hoʻokūkū kūloko o ka hana, hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ka manaʻo o nā hōʻailona o ka hypoglycemia.

Ke keu
Nā hōʻailona: hypoglycemia (pōloli, hyperthermia, tachycardia, drowsiness, nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali o ka ʻili, nā puʻuwai ākea o nā neʻe, nā haʻalulu, nā hopohopo maʻamau, hopohopo, hōʻeha, ka maʻi palaualelo transient (e.g., ʻikea a me ka haʻi ʻana i ka maʻi, paresis a paralysis paha. ka loli ʻana o nā sensations.) Me ka holomua o ka hypoglycemia, hiki i nā mea maʻi ke nalowale i kā lākou pale a me ka ʻike, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka comog hypoglycemic.
Hanaʻia: ma ka hihia o ka hypoglycemia maʻalahi, pono ka mea maʻi e lawe i kahi ʻāpana o ke kō, nā meaʻai a i ʻole nā ​​mea inu me kahi ʻona momona (ka meli, ka meli, kahi aniani o ke kīʻaha ʻona) i loko. I ka ʻike o ka nalowale o ka ʻike, pono ia e hoʻoili i ka glucose glucose - 40-80 ml o ka hopena o 40% dextrose (glucose), a laila infusion o 5-10% hopena o ka dextrose. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ka 1 mg o ka glucagon i loko o / i, / m a i ʻole c / c. Inā ʻike ʻole ka mea maʻi i ka ʻike, a laila hiki ke hoʻomau i kēia ana; ʻoi aku ke koi ʻia o ka maʻi ikaika.

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Store ma kahi pouli i loko o kahi mahana ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 25 ° C.

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