Thioctic acid Pharmstandard Oktolipen
Aia ʻo Berlition a me Oktolipen: hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka nani o Berlition.
Ehia mau kumukūʻai ʻo Berlition?
Pehea ke ʻano o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, pehea lākou e hana ai? Pono ke kūʻai ʻana aku i ka uku?
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hana kūpono?
ʻAʻole kēia no ka papa hoʻokahi, akā no ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, nā manawa āpau, i nā papa, i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
E koho i ka berlition i loko a i ʻole oktolipen i loko?
Berlition intravenously, waʻa a oktolipen?
Aia kekahi mau ala ʻē aʻe o ka lawelawe?
He aha ke ʻano o ka hana, nā hōʻike, ke ʻano?
ʻO Berlition a me Oktolipen nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻatikala. Kūkulu ʻia kahi hopena maikaʻi ma muli o nā mea e pili ana i ka wai thioctic - ka waiwai ikaika.
Hōʻike ʻia ka mua a me ka lua no ka lipid hauluʻe, a me ka ʻaila aʻe o ka ʻaila. Hoʻemi ka Berlition i ka nui o ke kō i loko o ke koko, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka glycogen e ka nui o ka puʻuwai. Ma muli o ka hopena antioxidant - ka hopena maikaʻi i ka pūpū, ʻoiai, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā toxins, nā paʻakai o nā metala kaumaha.
Aia ka Thioctic acid i kekahi nui endogenously, ka nui o nā mea i loaʻa i loko o nā kao o ka puʻuwai, a me nā puʻuwai, a me nā pūpū. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lawa i kekahi mau kūlana o ke kuʻuna, no laila, kuhikuhi ʻia ka loaʻa hou mai ke waho.
Hoʻopili i nā hoʻoponopono o ka pākūkū o ke kalapona, nā pono no ke akea he hopena neurotropic. Hoʻopau hou ʻo Berlition i ka trophism, me ka hiʻona o nā nalo i hōʻino ʻia. ʻO ka pinepine kēia o ka neuropathy diabetic. Me ka polyneuropathy o kekahi ʻano genesis (waiʻona, traumatic), ʻelua mau lāʻau e kōkua, e hoʻihoʻi i ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana ma kahi o nā fibers nerve, e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻeha. ʻO kaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka lāʻau i kauoha mua ʻia.
He mea kūpono hoʻi ʻo Oktolipen no ka atherosclerosis, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana lolo, a hōʻike ʻia no ka cholecystitis.
He aha nā meaʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia? ʻO wai ka lāʻau koho?
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, ʻo Oktolipen ma muli o ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, ma kahi hapakolu (ʻo ke kumukūʻai ke pili ana i 900 rubles no ka mea mua, ma kahi o 600 rubles no nā mea'ē aʻe o nā lāʻau lapaʻau). Eia hou, ʻaʻole koi kekahi papa i ka ʻeke hoʻokahi, akā ʻelua, a ʻo ke ʻano mua hoʻi ka hana hou ʻana, ma mua o ka manawa.
ʻEleʻa nā huahana ʻelua, ʻo Berlition wale nō ka huahana e hua ʻia ma Kelemānia, a ʻo Oktolipen aia ma Rusia.
He maikaʻi nā loiloi e pili ana i kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻOi kahi maikaʻi: nā kumu a ma mua paha? Pēlā ke kōkua i ka lua i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a i ʻole ka maikaʻi ʻole. No ka hoʻohālikelike, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai a ho'āʻo i nā lāʻau ʻelua.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻomaka ka papa me ka intravenous, drip application. Ma hope o kēlā, huli lākou i ka palapala papa i loko o ka mālama mālama ʻia (loaʻa nō ʻo Oktolipen ka ʻano o 300 mg capsules).
He mea maikaʻi loa nā loiloi ma Oktolipen: kākau i ka poʻe ua hele lākou i ka ʻeha ʻeha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka kū ʻana i ke kino kino (me ka maʻi mellitus a me polyneuropathy).
Lawe ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kakahiaka, ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole, inu i ka wai nui, 30 mau minuke ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana.
Ma ke ala, ua wehewehe ʻia nā hopena o ke kaupaona ʻana i nā mea ʻelua o nā māhina: ua kūpono kēia i ka metabolism i loko o nā hale, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu i loko o nā hale. Akā ma mua o kou koho ʻana, pono ʻoe e kūkākūkā! Aia kekahi mau contraindications, ka mea mua, ka hapai, ka lactation, intolerance.
Berlition a i ʻole anei ʻo Okolipen? E pili ana i nā hopena a me ka uku kaumaha, ʻaʻole ia.
Makemake wau e kaʻana like i kaʻu moʻolelo o ka kamaʻāina me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau.
E hoʻomaka me, he maʻi maʻi diabetes me mau makahiki ʻelima. ʻO ke kumu no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kauka he ikaika kaomi huki nui i nā wāwae, i ka pae ma lalo o nā kuli, i kahi noho. He hiki ʻole ke noho wale ma ka papaʻaina a i ʻole i ke alo o ka TV, pono e ala i kēlā me kēia umikumamalima mau minuke e hoʻomaha ai i ka ʻeha. Noho wau i kahi kauhale kahi o ka haukapila, e ʻōlelo aku, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa, no laila pono wau e hele i kahi kūlanakauhale kokoke aku e ʻimi me ka kūkā maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi. Ua kuhikuhi ka endocrinologist i ka wai thioctic (alpha-lipoic) ma hope o koʻu hōʻoia i ka hana mua o ka maʻi neuropathy maʻi o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ma muli o ka hahai ʻole o kaʻu meaʻai, ua ʻae au iaʻu iho e ʻae ʻole i ka inject i hana i ka insulin a maʻamau i hāʻawi ʻole ʻia i kahi pōʻino e pili ana i kaʻu maʻi, hoʻomaka nā kīʻaha koko.
I ka wā mua, ua kuhikuhi ʻia au i kahi hoʻonā i loko / i ka Berlition 600 No. 10 - kahi lāʻau lapaʻau (ua kūʻai ʻia). Ua lohe nui au i ka nui o kona a me kāna kumukūʻai, ʻaʻole hoʻomaka loa wau e nā huaʻōlelo ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lāʻau like ʻole i ka wā e hele ai au i ka hale haukapila ma kahi hale hauʻāina ʻē aʻe e kiʻi i kahi pua. Ua loaʻa iaʻu nā koho ʻelua: inā kūʻai aku wau iā Berlition ma kaʻu iho, a waiho lākou iaʻu no ka mea kūʻai aku ʻo Oktolipen iʻoi aku i ka manuahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hāʻawi lākou i kekahi manawa e noʻonoʻo ai, kahi aʻu i hoʻohana koke ai i ka nui. Eia ka mea i loaʻa iaʻu ma ka Pūnaewele:
ʻO Oktolipen kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka wai thioctic i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma Pharmstandard, nona nā huahana i loaʻa i nā mea maʻalahi o nā mea noiʻi haole (nā mea huaola), nā huaora a me nā mea hoʻolako meaʻai.
ʻO ka mea hana, ka helu o nā puka hoʻokuʻu a me nā kumukūʻai i nā ʻokoʻa āpau ma waena o ka Berlition i hoʻoili ʻia a me Oktolipen. ʻO ka mea nui a me nā dosage e like like me ka holo like.
ʻO kā lākou kūlana nui loa ma ka ʻāina i kumu o ia. Manao kekahi poʻe, inā he ʻano haole ka mea hana, no laila e pono pono e hoʻohana ʻia.
Akā, e like me nā poʻe loea, ʻaʻohe pane kūlike inā ʻo ka German Berlition kahi iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o Okolipen. ʻO ka loiloi hoʻomanawanui e ʻōlelo i ka maikaʻi o ka hope ma mua o ka mea ma mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, e ka loiloi kumukūʻai.
Eia hoʻi, ʻōlelo lākou ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hopena ʻokoʻa o Oktolipen ma mua o Berlition, akā ʻaʻole kēia i hoʻokū iaʻu loa. Ua koho au iā Oktolipen.
Makemake wau e ʻike i kēia, he mea nui kēia:
ʻO nā ampoule waiʻona he photosensitive. No ka mālama i ka pono o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana i nā kīʻaha ʻoniʻoni ʻeleʻele hoʻi no kahi meli a i ʻole ka pale o ka UV mai ka foil.
He ʻehaʻeha loa wau i ka wā hānai a nā kahu hānai i kahi pahu kīwaha me kahi pahu poʻokela i hoʻoluhi ʻole ʻia i loko o kahi pahu i loko o ka wai i loko o ka wai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Ma ka hoʻopili me ke kukui, ua pau ka waiwai i ka waiwai a pau. ʻAʻole lawa ka ʻeke, i koʻu manaʻo, ʻaʻole hoʻi au i kū a hōʻike paha i kahi mea, me ka hoʻoholo ʻana e ʻike hou nā limahana o ka mea pono a pehea e hana ai.
E haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe e pili ana i koʻu mau manaʻo. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana iā ia iho (ka mau hola 3), ʻaʻole wau i loaʻa i kekahi pōʻino, hoʻomā wale wale nō ma muli o kahi noho lōʻihi i kahi kūlana. Ua kuhikuhi lohi iki ka hana ʻana i nā pēpē, akā huki pinepine nā mea hānai i ka huila a hoʻohui i ka wikiwiki o kahi maʻi.
Ma hope o ka emi ʻana o ke kō o ke koko, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke maopopo iaʻu ka pono o kēia mea lapaʻau, e mau ana i mau hola 3 mai ka manawa o ke ana ʻana, a hiki i ka hilahila ponoʻī.
Hōʻike ʻoe. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻolana loa ia iho iaʻu, ma hope o ka hapau. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole au i manaʻo e kōkua i ka lāʻau lapaʻau iaʻu. Ua oki koʻu mau wāwae. Hiki iaʻu ke noho mālie no nā hola a hele i kaʻu ʻoihana. ʻOliʻoli loa wau, no ka mea, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o ka Pūnaewele o nā mea weliweli e pili ana i ka hopena o ka neuropathy, hoʻomaka wau i ka makaʻu maoli noʻu iho.
Ma laila ua kauoha ʻia iaʻu ʻo Octolipen i nā papa: ʻo ia nō 600 mg. Okiu. i kēlā me kēia lā i ke kakahiaka ma mua o ka ʻaina a ua kaha ikaika ia e inu ia ma ka hoʻomau.
ʻIke ʻia kēia:
ʻO ka hopena. Mai nā hoʻonā, ʻaʻole e like me nā papa, he kānāwai maikaʻi loa.
E pili ana i ka pohō kaumaha. Aia nā ʻikepili ma ka Pūnaewele e kōkua ai ka alpha lipoic acid i ka momona. Loaʻa iaʻu he mau paona keu, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i loaʻa iaʻu kahi hopena kaumaha koʻikoʻi mai ka hopena a i ʻole nā papa. Ma muli paha o ka loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi iaʻu, he hana ʻokoʻa ia, ʻaʻole wau ʻike. Ma kekahi kūlana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kahi haʻi e pili ana i ka pohō kaumaha i nā kauoha.
Neone lipone
Hoʻopau i ka loiloi ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kaulana, pili i ka waila thioctic, kahi hua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau Ukrainian - Neyrolipon. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia no nā neuropathies alakaola a me ka maʻi diabetes, e like me kāna analogues Tiogamma a me Oktopilen.
Hoʻāla ʻia ka mea papa metabolic i loko o nā capsules o 600 mg a i ke ʻano o kahi hoʻokūkū i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi hopena no ka infusion.
ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ka wā o ka mālama ʻia hiki ke like me ka wā e lawe ai i ka lāʻau Tiogamma, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻōpala ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pilikia o nā kuhi pili i ke koko.
Loaʻa kekahi ʻokoʻa i ka papa inoa o nā contraindications: ʻAʻole pono e kuhikuhi ʻia nā capsule Neyrolipon i kēlā me kēia kanaka me ka galolose galactose hoʻoilina, a me nā mea maʻi e loaʻa ʻole nā kūlana ma muli o ka nele o ka lactase.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano maʻi ma ke ʻano he 2-4 mau pule, ma hope o ka mea e pono ai e hoʻokō i ka mālama mālama ʻia no nā mahina 1-3 hou. Eia nō naʻe, pono ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana e nā kauka wale nō.
Ka inoa a me ka ʻāina kumu | Hōʻailona a me ka helu | Ka pae kumukūʻai (r) |
---|---|---|
ʻOololipen (Rūsia) | pakuhi. - 600 mg | 820 (30 pcs) |
ʻōpiopio. - 300 mg | 400 (30 pcs) | |
amp. - 300 mg | 450 (10 pcs) | |
Kakioui (Germany) | tabl ("BV"). - 600 mg | 1980 (30 pcs) |
amp. ("T"). - 600 mg | 1680 (5 pcs) | |
Berlition (Kelemānia) | pakuhi. ("Tautuka"). - 300 mg | 700 (30 pcs) |
amp. - 600 mg | 810 (5 pcs) | |
Tiogamma (Kelemānia) | pakuhi. - 600 mg | 850 (30 pcs) |
pahu - 600 mg | 1750 (10 pcs) | |
Neyrolipon (Ukraine) | ʻōpiopio. - 300 mg | 300 (30 pcs) |
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona āpau o luna nā mea like ʻole, akā aia nā ʻokoʻa i hoʻoholo i ka koho i kēlā me kēia kūlana, e pili ana i nā hiki kālā, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi concomitant. E kōkua kekahi kauka iā ʻoe e koho i ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa no ka wai thioctic a me kāna kaha no ka maʻi maʻi. Me nā kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kumukūʻai o ka hana Kelemānia ma mua o nā mea home. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka ʻOkakopa Russian. ʻO kēia kumukūʻai Berlition pili me ka hapalua hapa like no ka ʻāpana like o ka papa 300 mg a i ʻole nā capsules. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai i waena o nā kumukūʻai i kūʻai ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai: ʻo Thioctacid ka mea kūʻai nui loa, a ma ka ʻōlelo o ke kumukūʻai / kumukūʻai kumukūʻai ʻo Tiogamma ka mea koho maikaʻi loa.
ʻO ka hana kālā a me ka hui pū
ʻO Berlition kahi hepatoprotective a me nā antioxidant waiwai me ka lipid-hoʻohaʻahaʻa waiwai. Hoʻokumu ʻia kāna hana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka glucose a e hoʻopau i nā lipid "kino" e pili ana i ke koko. ʻO kāna mea nui i ka waika thioctic. Loaʻa ka hope loa i nā ʻāpana āpau a he mea nui ia no kā lākou hana maʻamau.
ʻO ka Thioctic acid kahi momona antioxidant ikaika. E hōʻemi ana i nā hopena maikaʻiʻole o nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia ma ke kino. Mālama i ka ate a hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana.
ʻO ka Oktolipen ka lāʻau lapaʻau metabolic, kahi antogenxidant endogenous. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kona hopena koʻikoʻi i ka hiki ʻana o nā radical. ʻO ia ka mea ikaika e like me - ka thioctic acid. ʻAʻole hōʻemi wale ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka glucose, akā hoʻonui nō hoʻi i ka ʻike glycogen.
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Thioctic acid iā ia iho i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi. Hoʻonui ia i ka hana o ka insulin hypoglycemic. Ua hōʻoia nā haʻawina haukaʻi i kahi holomua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka nerve ma ka neuropathy maʻi ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea.
Berlition - nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ka Berlition Kelemania i nā papa a me ka hopena. Hoʻokahi ka pā helu 5, 10, 20 ampoules. Aia he Berlition 600 - 24 ml a Berlition 300 - 12 ml. Kuhi ʻia nā papa ʻaina 300 mg ma nā poli, i loko o ka pākaukau hiki iā lākou ke 3, 6, 10 i 10 mau ʻāpana.
Wahi a nā kauka e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano o nā injections, no ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka bioavailability. ʻAʻole kēia ka mea i emi iho ka hopena i nā papa, akā pono lākou e lawe hou aku, me ka hoʻolōʻihi i ka hopena.
Hoʻolako pinepine ʻia no nā kūlana e like me ka hypotension, diabetes, obesity. ʻAʻole wale ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻolaʻa i ka koko koko, akā kōkua pū nō hoʻi i ka momona.
Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ʻo nā haʻawina ma ke Kulanui o Yale ma ʻAmelika Huiʻi he liʻiliʻi ka hopena o ka asi thioctic i ka pālaha nui o ke kino, no laila he mea hōʻole ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia no kēia kumu. Hiki paha i kahi hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, akā ʻo ia iho ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i kahi mana manawa lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaupaona kino.
Oktolipen - nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Oktolipen e kekahi mea hana hale. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai iā ia i ke ʻano o nā capsules, e hoʻokūpaʻa no nā injections a me nā papa. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia e like me ka vitamin-like. Hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka hana kaohi o nā ʻona a me nā ʻomaʻawa.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Oktolipen he 2 mau hōʻailona wale nō ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea waiʻona a me ka polyneuropathy diabetes. Hōʻike ʻia nā kūlana i ka hōʻino o ke aʻalolo a me ke hilinaʻi ʻana i ka waiʻona.
ʻO ka hiʻona o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Oktolipen e hōʻemi i ka hopena maikaʻiʻole o ka aihue ma nā ʻoli. Hoʻohālike ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā waiwai i ka vitamin B. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo iā ia e hoʻolalelemakule ana i ka wā o nā ʻoihana.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea e hoʻoponopono i ka hana lipid metabolism. Hoʻoulu ia i ka metabolism o ka cholesterol, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana i hana o ke akea. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano o kahi hopena no ka hoʻopuʻe ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻa. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā papa hana no ka hoʻohana ma ka home.
Nui! ʻAʻole pono e hui pū ʻia kēia antioxidant me nā mea inu ʻawaʻawa. Eia kekahi, i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e manaʻo e hoʻohana i nā huahana dairy.
Nā hōʻailona a me nā contraindications
He mau hana kūpono ʻo Berlition, kahi i alakaʻi i kahi papa inoa o nā hōʻike no kona hoʻohana. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana maʻamau o ka mea maʻi.
Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka Berlition antioxidant:
nā loli degenerative i ka pōkole o kahi wahi, inā paha, protrusion, osteochondrosis, ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hernia o ka disc intervertebral,
polyneuropathy o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi,
mea make ʻole i nā mea like ʻole.
ua hoʻomāʻeha ka maʻi kūlohelohe i kahi o ke kīhāpai o nā mea kila make.
ʻO Oktolipen, e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā hōʻailona - nā waiʻona maʻi a me nā maʻi polyneuropathy maʻi. Akā loaʻa iā ia nā contraindications. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Oktolipen i ka wā hapai, a hiki i ka 18 mau makahiki, i ka hihia o ke ʻano o ka hypersensitivity i nā mea i loko o ke ʻano a ma ka wā ʻōpiopio.
Aia ke ʻano o nā ʻano maʻi ʻo Berlition.
ka punauma a me ka lono,
hypersensitivity o nā ʻāpana i ka ʻano,
Nui! Nā koho a me nā koho i noʻonoʻo pono ʻia e ke kauka. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ka hoʻomaka ʻana e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau iā ʻoe iho, no ka mea pono ʻoe e hahai i kahi ʻano ʻokaʻae ma muli o ka hele ʻana o ka maʻi a me ke ʻano maʻamau.
I ka wā hāpai a me ka hānai ʻana, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia kēia mau antioxidants ma muli o ka nele o nā data lapaʻau, e hōʻoia ana i ko lākou palekana no kēia mau maʻi o nā maʻi.
E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano a me ka ʻano
Loaʻa ka Berlition i kahi hoʻonā infusion a i nā papa. Aia ka paʻa i loko o ka ampoule. Berlition 600 - 24 ml, Berlition 300 - 12 ml. ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o kahi pākahi he 5, 10 a 20 mau ampoule.
ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o ka hoʻonāʻauna o ka infusion 300ml a me 600ml:
- ʻO ka paʻakai o ka asi thioctic - 600 mg a 300 mg paha.
- ʻO nā kumumanaʻo o nā papa kōkua: wai no ke kau ʻana, propylene glycol, ethylenediamine.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā papa Berlition i loko o nā pōpō (nā pā pono) o nā papa he 10. Hoʻokomo ʻia i hoʻokahi pahu me 3, 6 a me 10 mau palaka.
Hoʻomakeke ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka wai thioctic Berlition:
- Me ka osteochondrosis o kēlā me nā wahi.
- Me ka polyneuropathy maʻi maʻi.
- Me nā ʻano puʻuwai āpau (pehu ka dystrophy momona, nā hepatitis āpau, cirrhosis).
- Nā waiho atherosclerotic i nā paka coronary.
- ʻO nā mea hoʻonāukiuki me nā māmala o nā metala kaumaha a me nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻē aʻe.
Nā hopena hopena
I ka hopena o nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i mālama ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua ʻike ʻia he hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i nā hopena ʻino loa i loaʻa ʻole i ka maʻi:
- Puhi, kalaʻi, luaʻi.
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻono.
- Kūpono ai nā maka.
- Kāwili kūlou kūwaho.
- Ka ʻemi ʻana o ke kō koko koko, alakaʻi i ke poʻo, ka ʻeha, ka ʻōpū keu.
- ʻO ka ʻeha ʻeha, urticaria, pāheʻe.
- Hiki i nā poʻe me ka makemake i nā hōʻike alia ke kūkulu i ka pīhoihoi anaphylactic, e loaʻa ana i nā hihia maʻi neʻe.
- Pau a hōʻeha paha i ka pūnaewele o ka infusion a i ʻole ka hoʻolilo ʻia.
- ʻO thrombophlebitis, hemorrhagic rashes, kuhikuhi i ka ʻōpū o ka hemorrhages, hoʻonui i ke koko.
- Hōʻaha
- Hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ke kaomi intracranial me ka hoʻokele wikiwiki. Ua hele pū ʻia ke ʻano me ka manaʻo kaumaha o ke kaumaha i loko o ke poʻo.
Helu 300 a 600
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻonāʻau infusion e like me ke kūlana kūikawā. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hoʻoholo ma ke kauka e pono ai e ke kauka, i kēlā me kēia kūlana, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ia pono.
I ka hapanui pinepine, ʻo kahi infusion me Berlition i kuhikuhi ʻia no nā palapu o ka neuropathic, mai ka maʻi diabetes a me kahi mea inu wai. No ka mea hoʻohālikelike koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea maʻi ke lawe i nā lāʻau lapa ponoi ma kāna iho, nā mea inikua a Berlition 300 (1 ampoule i kēlā lā) e hoʻopakele.
No ka hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻōnaehana, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nui o ka Berlition me ka paʻakai (250 ml). Mākaukau koke ka hoʻonā ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana, inā ʻaʻole e nalowale ia i ka hana therapeutic. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole e hāʻule ka lā i ka hoʻonā o ka infusion i pau, no laila ʻo ka hue me ka wai lāʻau ua hoʻopuni pinepine ʻia i loko o ka foil a i ʻole ka pepa maloʻo.
Kekahi mau manawa i kū mai ai nā kūlana makemake e koi ka hoʻokele hoʻomehana o ka lāʻau, akā ʻaʻohe hopena paʻakai ma ka lima. I kēlā mau hihia, e ʻae ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea paʻa me kahi syringe a i ʻole nā mea hemolele.
Hoʻopili pū me nā mea'ē aʻe
- ʻAʻohe kūpono ke hoʻohana ʻana me ka ethyl alkohol.
- Berlition me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻemi i nā pae glucose, hoʻonui i kā lākou hopena therapeutic. No laila, e nā mea maʻi me ka diabetes mellitus i ka wā e hoʻohana ai iā Berlition e kiaʻi mau i ka pae o ke kō i loko o ke koko, e hoʻohana ai, no ka laʻana o ka lolo o ka glucometer.
- Ke hui pū me cisplatin (kahi lāʻau lapaʻau antitumor koʻikoʻi,) hōʻemi nui ia i kona hopena.
- No ka mea ka hopena o ka waikila thioctic me ka calcium, magnesium a me ka hao, nā huahana dairy a me nā mea kanu me nā mea like like hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hola 7-8 ma hope o ka lawe ʻana iā Berlition.
ʻO ka Okolipen lāʻau lāʻau mālama, kahi hana kaila thioctic ma ke ʻano he mea ikaika a hana, he lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka antiioxidant a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka metabolism o nā momona a me nā momi.
Noho ʻo Oktolipen i kahi "niche" olakino paʻa loa, no ka mea ʻelua wale nō mau hōʻike e kuhikuhi ai - polyneuropathy diabetes a me ka inu wai. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he hōʻai manu ʻo ia nā nūpepa peripheral ma muli o ka hanana i ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi mellitus a me ka mea inu kino.
I kēia mau lā ka mea "antioxidant" ka mea maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole nā kanaka a pau i ka manaʻo pololei e pili ana i ia mea. I mea e hoʻopau ai i ka hakahaka ʻike, ʻano pono ke wehewehe pōkole i kēia huaʻōlelo. Ua kapa ʻia nā Antioxidants e mālama i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hoʻoneʻe i ke kino.
ʻO ka Oktolipen he endogenous (hana maoli ʻia i loko o ke kino) antioxidant, ʻo ka mea o mua ka mea nāna i hana i ka decarboxylation oxidative o nā waika alpha-keto.
Ma kahi o nā coenzyme system multienzyme o mitochondria (cell "energy stasion"), Octolipen pili i ka oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic (a-ketopropionic) acid a me nā alpha-keto acid.
Ua hōʻemi ʻo Oktolipen i ke kahe o ka glucose i ka pulu wai a hoʻonui i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glycogen i loko o ka ate. Hoʻokumu ka lāʻau lāʻau i nā kūlana no ka pale ʻana i ka kūʻē o ka insulin. ʻO ka okolipen i loko o kāna mau waiwai biochemical e kokoke loa i nā huaora B.
ʻO Oktolipen kahi lula o ka lipid a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka hana hoʻoliʻi, hoʻowalewale i ka metabolism cholesterol, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hana pono o ke ate. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau he hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic a me ka hopena hepatoprotective.
Hana nā Okolipen i ʻekolu palapala hoʻohālikelike:
- Nā Palaki
- Nā ʻatikā
- Kūleʻa i ka hoʻomākaukau o kahi hopena infusion.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻonāʻau infusion ma kahi hoʻonohonoho o ka haukapila, a hiki i nā papa a me nā capsules ke hana maʻalahi i ke kumu i loko o kahi keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau home.
Pono e lawe ʻia nā ʻūpī a me nā papa ma luna o ka ʻōpū ʻole, hapalua hola ma mua o ka ʻaina a holoi ʻia me nā wai nui. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻuluʻulu i nā papa (ʻaʻole i kūkākūkā ʻia nā kapala i kēia mea, maopopo ka ʻūlū ʻia lākou.
ʻO ka dosis i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Oktolipen he 600 mg, he mea like me nā pūlima ʻelua a i ʻole papa hoʻokahi. Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lāʻau 1 manawa i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka manawa lōʻihi o ka papa therapeutic i hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kauka, i ka nānā ʻana i kekahi mau mea.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau: ma ka papa mua, hana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā mākua (2-4 mau pule), a laila e hoʻololi i kekahi ʻano waha.
Nui! ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole kūpono me ka inu ʻawa. Pono nā kaupalena huahana liʻiliʻi!
Wahi a nā kauka i kēia lā: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - Berlition a i ʻole Oktolipen? ʻAʻohe pane i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ua loaʻa kēia mau lāʻau i kahi mea ikaika like. Akā inā hilinaʻi ʻoe i nā loiloi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haleʻāina o Oktolipen ma mua o ka German Berlition ma ke kūpono a me ka uku.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau "Berlition"
Aia kēia ʻano he wai ka puka, loaʻa i nā ampoules, ke ala o ke aupuni ma o nā ʻoka, a ua loaʻa hoʻi i nā kapa capsule a i hana puka. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ia ma o ke kumu kūʻai, ke ʻāina kumu mai Kelemānia.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana
ʻO ka māhele nui ka thioctic acid, nā mea kōkua kōkua he momona momona, glycerin, gelatin (in capsule form), E171, E123. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano no nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi diabetes a me nā ʻākena polyneuropathy, a no nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi o ka maʻi o ka ʻano paʻakikī.
Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka lāʻau
Inā ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka papa o ka maʻi e nā mea maikaʻi ʻole, a laila e ʻōlelo ʻia ka mālama ʻana me nā capsules a i ʻole nā papa. Pono e hoʻopau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau, me ka ʻole o ka ʻaʻā ʻole a me ka hōʻuluʻulu paha ma nā ala ʻē aʻe. E hoʻokō i ka hopena therapeutic i makemake ʻia mai ka mālama ʻana, e lawe i ka wai i ke kakahiaka, 30 mau minuke ma mua o ka pāʻina.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ke ʻano o ke ʻano e ke kauka, ma muli o ka papa o ka maʻi, akā ʻo ka maʻamau he lōʻihi, no ka mea, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka mea maʻi, a laila e hoʻoponopono. I ka hihia o nā hoʻopiʻi, hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau ma o nā ʻōpala.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hopena maikaʻiʻole
E like me nā lāʻau he nui, he nui nō hoʻi nā maʻi o Berlition. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ʻia ka noi noi i kēlā mau hui kanaka:
- Ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mahele o nā mea kikoʻī o ka lāʻau.
- ʻO nā wahine hāpai.
- ʻO nā keiki i hiki ʻole i ka makahiki 18.
- I nā poʻe i ka frolose intolerance a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hiki i nā hopena ʻino ke kūkaʻi: ka nausea, kahiʻano hoʻonāukiuki, hōʻeha, nā koi, ka tachycardia, ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻili, ka hives, ka puʻu, kahe nui loa, ka ʻike papalua, a me nā mea he nui.
Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka pono
Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lāʻau i hoʻokahi papa, nā kāpeti hoʻokahi i ka lā ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole, 30 mau minuke ma mua o ka ʻaina. Ma ka hōʻeha maikaʻi ʻana o ka maʻi, hoʻomaka ka hoʻokele e ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi hopena ma o nā waʻa. ʻO ka nui o ka pae lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau mahina, akā aia kekahi mau manawa e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka mālama ʻana. ʻO kēia āpau a me ke kūʻokoʻa ma ke noi ʻana o ke kauka.
ʻO ke ola
Mālama nā papa o nā papa a me nā hoʻonā i ko lākou mau wahi a hiki i 3 mau makahiki ma kahi mahana o +15 a +25 tikelika Celsius, ua mālama ʻia ka hopena hoʻonā no ka lōʻihi ma mua o 6 mau hola. Mālama ʻia nā Capsules no 2.5-3 mau makahiki ma kahi mahana a hiki i +30 degere.
Keʻano pōkole "Oktolipen"
Kuhi ʻia e kahi mea ʻoihana loea no ka maʻalahi a, me ka hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia i loko o ʻekolu ʻano: capsules, papa a me nā hopena.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana
ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia ʻano mea ka thioctic acid, nā mea kōkua kōkua i ke kō, magnesium stearate, gelatin (i nā capsules), E171, 104, 110. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēlā lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea maʻi me ka polyneuropathy maʻi a me ka waiʻona.
Pehea e hoʻohana ai i ka pono
Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lāʻau i hoʻokahi papa, nā kāpeti hoʻokahi i ka lā ma kahi ʻōpū ʻole, 30 mau minuke ma mua o ka ʻaina. Ma ka hōʻeha maikaʻi ʻana o ka maʻi, hoʻomaka ka hoʻokele e ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi hopena ma o nā waʻa. ʻO ka nui o ka pae lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau mahina, akā aia kekahi mau manawa e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka mālama ʻana. ʻO kēia āpau a me ke kūʻokoʻa ma ke noi ʻana o ke kauka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hopena maikaʻiʻole
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka lawe ʻana aku:
- ʻO nā wahine hāpai a me nā lactating.
- Na keiki malalo o na makahiki 18.
- ʻO ka poʻe me ka hypersensitivity i nā ʻāpana o ka lāʻau.
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ʻino e ka luaʻi, ka ʻōpū, ka ihu, ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻeha, ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōpū, ka ʻona huina a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke ola
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e mālama i ka waiwai i loko o kahi wahi pouli, i ka mahana a hiki i +25 degere Celsius.
ʻO ka mea e hui pū ai i kēia mau lāʻau
ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻonaʻokoʻa kā lākou ʻoihana ʻokoʻa hana ʻole, ka mea 'āpana kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pili i ka pilikia me ka like ʻole ma nā lāʻau ʻelua. Wahi a kēia, loaʻa i nā mea like nā contraindications like a me nā hōʻeha pili i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia. Eia nō kekahi, ʻo "Berlition" a me "Okolipen" e nānā i ka maʻi like a ua loaʻa i nā ʻano like: nā papa, nā kapoti, nā hopena.
Nāʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui ka mea maʻamau i nā lāʻau mea hana hou. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohua ʻana, ʻo ke kumukūʻai ia, maopopo ia ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai ma waho o ka Whole.
ʻO ke ʻano lāʻau, ʻo wai a ʻo wai ka mea maikaʻi e lawe
ʻAʻohe mea hoʻokahi pane i kēia nīnau. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻaʻole i mau ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi, no laila e hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i kahi mea koʻikoʻi wale nō me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻO kekahi, manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi he mea e ʻoi aku ka waiwai a ʻo ka mea hana haole paha e lawe mai i pōmaikaʻi hou.
Eia naʻe, ke hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā loiloi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a laila, ʻike ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kino ʻoi aku ka hanana me ka hoʻohana ʻana o "Berlition". He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau e kiʻi pū me ke kauka, nāna e haʻi iā ʻoe ke koho kūpono a kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaikaʻi koke.
ʻLoe a me ke kākele
Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau Berlition i ka waha ma 300-600 mg a hiki i 2 mau lā i ka lā. ʻO kēia kahi kiko lāʻau maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e ke kauka hele mai. I nā hōʻike koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau intravenously ma 300-600 mg. Hiki i ke papa o ka mālama ʻia a hiki i 30 lā. Ma hope o ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka maʻi maʻamau, hoʻomau ka hoʻomau. E hoʻomau ʻia ka antioxidant ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - 300 mg i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hiki i kahi overdose, ma ia mau ʻano e ʻike nei i ka hopena:
ua ʻeha nui
ninaki a me ka luaʻi
Inā kānalua ʻoe i ka uluhua a me ka make nui, pono ke kūkulu ʻia i ka hoʻokipa. No ke kōkua mua, pono e hana ʻia ke gastric gastage a hāʻawi ʻia i ka ulana hāmeʻa i ka mea lawe ʻia (ma ka palena o 1 papa i ke 10 kg o ka paona).
Pono e inu ʻōpala gula ma ka ʻōpū ʻeha hapa hapalua hola ma mua o ka papaʻaina. ʻO ka helu paona maʻamau he 600 mg. ʻO kahi papa hoʻohālikelike o ka lapaʻau a hiki i ka 90 lā. Maikaʻi paha ke ʻano ma ka ʻano o ka mea maʻi.
Hāʻawi ʻia kahi hoʻokele intravenous i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia ka mālamaʻana i nā he 4 hebedoma.
Hiki i kahi overdose me ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona aʻe:
ua ʻeha nui
Hoʻohana ka lāʻau Symptomatic e hoʻopau i nā hōʻailona i makemake ʻole ʻia. ʻAʻohe mea antidote kiko'ī no ka overdose.
ʻO ka manaʻo o nā kauka a me nā maʻi
Hoʻomaopopo nā poʻe loea i kahi ākea ma waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole nui. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho, hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano, nā like like nā hopena. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i hiki i ke kauka ke koho i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma hope o kekahi mau noiʻi. ʻO kekahi mau mea kōkua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia i nā maʻi maʻi pilikino e pili pū ana i ka koho ʻana o ke aila.
ʻOi aku kahi kumukūʻai Kelemania i ʻoi aku ka nui, no laila, manaʻo ka nui o nā poʻe e ʻaʻole ʻoe e pākuʻi no ka hopena like. Akā aia kekahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Hoʻohālikelike hopena hopena
He nui nā hopena ʻaoʻao o Berlition, akā he mau mea kūpono a hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻole. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Oktolipen, akā ʻike pinepine lākou. I kēia hihia, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo pono e lawe ʻia nā mea āpau me ka makaʻala, hāʻawi ʻia i nā hopena kūpono aʻe e hoʻonui nei ke nānā ʻole i nā ʻōlelo a ke kauka.
He aha nā hopena kūpono e pili ana i ka laiki Berlition:
paila me ka uha pinepine ʻana i ka luaʻi,
pōkole o ka hanu a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe o ka hanu,
ʻeha i ka wahi o ka ʻoihana no ka lāʻau lapaʻau,
nā maʻi kūlohelohe - wikiwiki, ʻeha, ʻulaʻula,
hoʻonā a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka glucose,
mahuahua i ke kumu intacranial, i hōʻike ʻia e ka kaumaha ma ke poʻo,
ʻili, hemorrhagic rash,
loli ma ka ʻono.
Ke lawe ʻoe iā Oktolipen, he pilikia nui e ʻike ai i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka dyspepsia, alerine a me nā hōʻike o hypoglycemia. Me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka waiʻona, ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o ka hopena therapeutic o ka wai thioctic. Hiki i kēia i ke olakino maikaʻi.
Nā kumukūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau
I ka ʻōlelo o ka uku, ua lanakila ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o Octolipen ma awelika mai 330 mau rubles a 750 rubles, e like me ka nui o nā papa a me nā ampoule i ka pākaukau.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o Berlition, kahi lāʻau lapaʻau Kelemania hoʻomaka mai 560 mau rubles. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia he 300 mg papa no 30 mau mea no 750 rubles, 600 mg ampoules ma ka nui o nā ʻāpana 5 - no 860 rubles.
No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - Berlition a i ʻole Oktolipen
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o nā koina, nā hana, nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā contraindications e hōʻike aku ana i nā lāʻau ʻelua ke ʻole me kahi drawback. Inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ke kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i ka home, a i ka wā e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻokō i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi palupalu, e maikaʻi loa ka noho ʻana ma waho. Akā he pili kēia, hilinaʻi nui i ke kūlana olakino a ʻaʻole wale nō.
I mea e pono ai ke koho kūpono, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nīnau ʻana me kekahi mau kauka, a laila e maopopo loa iā ia ka ʻano ʻoi ke ʻano ʻoi loa ke ʻano no ka mālama ʻana i kahi maʻi. Malia paha he kīnā ʻole kekahi ma ia a me nā hopena o ka ʻaoʻao, a laila hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou.
Ma muli o kēia mau lāʻau i koho ai ke kauka, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea maikaʻi a ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa, no ka mea e pili kēia mau manaʻo ma kēia hihia. Poina e pili ana i ka mea nui o ka kūkā ʻana i ka loea a me nā hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ponoʻī iho.