Gentamicin sulfate: nā ʻōlelo no ka hoʻohana ʻana, nā analogues a me nā loiloi

ʻAʻole hiki i nā nui nā hana pāpaʻi a me nā hana i loko o ke kino ke hana ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻole o nā antibiotics. Hoʻopilikia kekahi pūʻulu o kēia mau lāʻau i nā microorganisms maikaʻi aku a me nā pathogens. ʻO kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻike ʻia he Gentamicin Sulfate. Ke manaʻo ʻia nei he mea maʻi me ka nui o ka hoʻohana a hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona.

Inoa Kūʻai ʻole honua

ʻO ka inoa inoa huahana ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻa ʻo Gentamicin (i loko o Latin - Gentamycin a Gentamycinum).

ʻO ka Gentamicin Sulfate kahi antibiotic ākea ākea ākea.

Gentamicin i ke ʻano o kahi hopena no ka inikini ua wae ʻia ka anatomical-therapeutic-chemical (ATX) code J01GB03. ʻO ka leka J ke ʻano he lāʻau antimicrobial a me antibacterial a ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa systemic, nā huaʻōlelo o G a me B nā mea i pili i ka hui o aminoglycosides.

ʻO ka pāʻālua ATX no ka hāʻule ʻana o ka maka he S01AA11. ʻO ka leka S, ʻo ia ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpū sensory, a me nā huaʻōlelo AA e hōʻike ana i kēia antibiotic i manaʻo no ke hoʻohana topical a pākuʻi i ka metabolism.

ʻO ka papa inoa o ka ATX o ka poni gentamicin ʻo D06AX07. ʻO ka leka D ʻo ia ka manaʻo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i dermatology, a me nā leka AX - he topical antibiotic ia.

E hoʻokuʻu i nā palapala a me ka ʻano

E loaʻa iā 4 mele puka i ka ʻōmole:

hoʻonā wai hoʻonā
makaka ka maka
aila poni
aerosol.

Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano o ka hopena no ka ʻaina.
Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano o nā maka o ka maka.Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano o kahi poni.

ʻO ka pahuhopu mea nui ma ka 4 mau puka he gentamicin sulfate. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka hoʻonā o ka huina nā ʻano hui kōkua like ʻole:

sodium metabisulfite
ka paʻakai disodium
wai no ka uliaa.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka 2 ml ampoules, kahi mea i huki ʻia ma 5 pcs. i nā kīʻaha blister. Hoʻokomo i kahi pahu 1 a i ʻole 2 mau paʻi (5 a 10 mau ampoule) a me nā ʻōlelo no ka hoʻohana ʻana.

ʻO nā mea kōkua o ka nānā ʻana o nā maka:

ka paʻakai disodium
sodium klorida
wai no ka uliaa.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hoʻonā i ka 1 ml i loko o nā puʻu dropper (1 ml aia ka 3 mg o ka mea ikaika). 1 ka mea hiki ke lilo i 1 a i ʻole 2 mau wai kūpeʻe.

ʻO nā mea hoʻowalewale o ka pahola:

Kūʻai ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā ʻōpala o 15 mg.

Gentamicin i ke ʻano o ka aerosol ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua a loaʻa i ka pahuhopu aerosol a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka 140 g i loko o nā hue aerosol kūikawā i lako ʻia me kahi pīpī.

Ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻO ka Gentamicin kahi antibiotic bactericidal i hoʻohana nui ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi super (ʻili) a me nā maʻi kūloko. Ke luku aku nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā microorganism, e luku ana i kā lākou hana. Hoʻomaʻaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kū'ē i nā pūʻulu bakila e like me:

Melanie
Aumini (aikahele)
Shigella
salmonella
ʻO Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
enterobacter
Klebsiella
protea.

Hoʻōla ka lāʻau i nā pūʻulu maʻi e like me ka salmonella.
Hoʻomaʻaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i nā hui baki e like me ka streptococci.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i nā hui baki e like me Klebsiella.
Hoʻomaʻaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i nā hui baki e like me Shigella.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i nā hui baki e like me Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Hoʻomaʻaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i nā hui baki e like me staphylococci.

ʻAʻole hana ka lāʻau lapaʻau:

treponema (kumu kūpono ʻo ka syphilis),
ma ka neiseria (maʻi meningococcal),
ma luna o nā maʻi bako ana,
no nā mea maʻi, nā puʻu a me ka protozoa.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

ʻO ka hopena ikaika loa o ke kino e hāʻawi ʻia e nā inikini no ka hoʻokō intravenous a me intramuscular. Me nā ʻōkuhi intramuscular, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka paila plasma ma hope o 30-60 mau minuke. Hoʻoholo ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke koko no 12 mau hola. Hoʻohui i ka plasma koko, komo koke ʻo Gentamicin a ua hoʻākāka maikaʻi ʻia i nā kiko o nā pūpū o ka pūpū, nā pēpē a me nā palaka, ka plasenta, a me ka huʻi a me nā wai nui e like me:

ʻIke ʻia nā kaupaona haʻahaʻa loa i ka lāʻau ma ka bile a me ka cerebrospinal fluid.

ʻAʻole hōʻemi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ke kino: ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻopā ʻia e nā keiki. Hoʻokumu ka helu o ka excretion i ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi a me ka helu hoʻopāleʻa hana kumu hana. I nā maʻi pākeke me nā keiki olakino, ʻo ka hapalua o ka ola o ka lāʻau he 2-3 mau hola, i nā keiki i hala 1 mau wiki a ʻeono mau mahina - 3-3.5 mau hola, a hiki i ka hebedoma 1 - 5.5 mau hola, inā kaupaona ke keiki ma mua o 2 kg , a oi aku he 8 mau hola ina o kona ona haaha malalo o 2 kg.

Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hapalua hapalua me:

anemia
ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
kuni kuni.

ʻO ka hapalua o ke ola o ka lāʻau hiki ke wikiwiki me ka anemia.
ʻO ka hapalua o ke ola o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e wikiwiki paha i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka hapalua o ke ola o ka lāʻau hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia me nā ʻōpala koʻikoʻi.

Me ka maʻi o ka pēpē, e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka hapalua o ke ola o ka Gentamicin a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻopau ʻana, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻiliʻili o ka lāʻau i loko o ke kino a me ka hopena i kahi hopena overdose.

He aha ia e hoʻohana ai i ka?

Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi maʻi pāpaʻi a me nā maʻi.

ʻAiʻae i ka maʻi. E like me:
- pirelonephritis,
- urethritis
- pūnana cystitis
- prostatitis.
ʻAneki haʻahaʻa. E like me:
- pleurisy
- wahi maʻi pneumonia
- ʻOluomini
- empyema
- lemokū.
Rongonui ʻia. E like me:
- peritonitis
- cholangitis
- huehue ʻo cholecystitis.
Nā iwi a me nā hono.
ʻIli kūloko. E like me:
- nā ʻōpio trophic
- kuniʻa
- huhula,
- seborrheic dermatitis,
- huehue
- parolechia
- lihopo,
- folliculitis.
ʻO ka maka. E like me:
- konohiki
- huakai
- keratitis.
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana o ke kikowaena, me ka meningitis a me vermiculitis.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻi maʻi a me nā huhū o nā io a me nā iwi.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no conjunctivitis.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā ʻōpala trophic.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka pleurisy.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no peritonitis.
Ua kauoha ʻia ka lāʻau no ka pyelonephritis.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka meningitis.

Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Gentamicin i nā hihia o sepsis ma ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana a me ka maʻi septicemia.

Nā Hoʻohui

ʻAʻole kuhikuhi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā nā mea maʻi:

le ʻae i ka antibiotics o ka hui antiglycoside a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i hana i ka lāʻau.

loaʻa mai i ka neuritis o ke ake leo auditory,
maʻi me ka azotemia, uremia,
loaʻa nā maʻi hepa a hepa paha,
hapai paha
he makuahine hānai
maʻi me ka myasthenia
ua ʻeha ʻia ma ka maʻi maʻi o Parkinson,
ua loaʻa nā maʻi o ka apela vestibular (dizziness, tinnitus),
malalo o 3 mau makahiki.

Me ka mālama pono

Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka mālama nui loa, inā he mōʻolelo ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi ʻano kūlohelohe, a inā he maʻi ka mea maʻi.

Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau me ka nui o ka mālama inā he maʻi ka maʻi me ka pululism.
Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka mālama akahele loa inā he maʻi ka mea maʻi me ka hypocalcemia.
Lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka mālama akahele loa inā he maʻi ka maʻi me ka dehydration.

Pehea e lawe ai i ka sulfamic gentate?

No ka poʻe maʻi o ʻoi aku o 14 mau makahiki me nā maʻi o ka urinary tract, ʻo ka hopena therapeutic he 0.4 mg a lawelawe ʻia 2-3 mau lā i kēlā me kēia intramuscularly, me nā maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi a me sepsis, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i 3-4 mau lā i kahi lā, 0.8-1 mg. ʻAʻole pono nā mea pona kiʻekiʻe loa i ka 5 mg i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka lōʻihi mālama i ka lā 7-10 lā. I nā pilikia koʻikoʻi, ma ka lā 2-3 mua, e lawelawe ʻia ana ʻo Gentamicin, a laila lawe ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka maʻi intramuscular.

No ka ʻōkuhi intravenous, hoʻohana wale ʻia kahi hopena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i nā ampoules; no ka inikini intramuscular, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka hoʻokele ʻana, ʻoki ʻia i ka pauku me ka wai no ka ʻaina.

Hiki ke lawe ʻia ka Gentamicin e like me kahi inhalation e mālama ai i nā maʻi ʻeha.

Hoʻopilikiaʻia nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe Purulent o ka ʻili, nā follicle o ka lauoho, ka furunculosis a me nā maʻi ʻeha maloʻo ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia me ka hopena o Furatsilin e kāpae i ka hoʻoheʻe purulent a me nā mea make make, a laila e hoʻopili ʻia kahi pae ʻāpana o ke aila i ka manawa he 2 no nā lā 7-10 (hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻohana ʻia). ʻO ka pākuʻi lā o kēlā me kēia lā no ka pākeke ʻaʻole pono e hoʻonui i ka 200 mg.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā maʻi o ka maka me nā hāʻule, e hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o ka sac conjunctival a 3-4 mau lā i ka lā.
Hoʻopilikiaʻia nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe Purulent o ka ʻili, nā follicle o ka lauoho, ka furunculosis a me nā maʻi ʻeha maloʻo ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke lawe ʻia ka Gentamicin e like me kahi inhalation e mālama ai i nā maʻi ʻeha.
No ka injection intramuscular, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka hoʻokele ʻana, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka pauku me ka wai no ka hoʻonāukiuki.
No ka hoʻokō intravenous, hoʻohana wale ʻia ka ʻōnaehana mākaukau ma ampoules.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Aerosol e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻeha, akā ʻo ke ʻano o ka hana e like me ka ʻaila poni. Pono e hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Aerosol mai kahi mamao o 10 cm kahi mai ke alo o ka ʻili.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā maʻi o ka maka me nā hāʻule, e hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o ka sac conjunctival a 3-4 mau lā i ka lā.

Nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ka Sulfate Gentamicin

ʻO nā hopena ʻinoʻino ma muli o ka lawe ʻana i ka Gentamicin he ʻilihua a hiki ke loaʻa ma ke ʻano:

awaawa, kaumaha, eha o,
lilo ka momona, hoonui ka ea, nausea, luaʻi, lilo kaumaha,
ʻehaʻeha, paakiki, nāwaha, ʻaʻī, keʻa, paresthesia,
ka hanaʻole o ka apana vestibular,
lohe pio
nā mālamalama maikaʻi ʻole
nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana urinary (oliguria, microhematuria, proteinuria),
ʻōpū, ka ʻūhā, ka ʻeha, ka ʻili o ka ʻili,
ua hoemi i ke kō ke koko keʻokeʻo, mākeke, pālala, magnesium a me ka pae o ka calcium ma ke koko,
hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia nā hana kūpono no ka maʻi.

ʻO nā hopena ʻino e like me ka lawe ʻana iā Gentamicin ka lelo a hiki i ke ʻano o nā hopu.ʻO nā hopena ʻino e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana iā Gentamicin he ʻeha a hiki ke hele mai i loko o ke ʻano o ka lohe ʻana.
ʻO nā hopena ʻino maikaʻi ma muli o ka lawe ʻana i ka Gentamicin he ʻilihune a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia he oliguria.
ʻO nā hopena ʻino e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana iā Gentamicin he ʻilihua a hiki ke ulu mai i loko o ke ʻano o ka hiamoe.
ʻO nā hopena ʻinoʻino ma muli o ka lawe ʻana i ka Gentamicin he mea luhi a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia me ka hala ʻole o ka renal.ʻO nā hopena ʻino maikaʻi ma muli o ka lawe ʻana i ka Gentamicin he ʻilihua a hiki ke kū mai i ke ʻano urticaria.
ʻO nā hopena ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka lawe ʻana iā Gentamicin he ʻilihune a hiki ke hele mai i loko o ke ʻano o ka pau ʻana o ka makemake.

ʻAno loa hiki:

ʻeha kūloko,
phlebitis a i ʻole thrombophlebitis i ke kahua o ka hoʻokele intravenous,
Kakupia tubularis,
infinfinf inf developmentection
anaphylactic pīhoihoi.

Nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me Gentamicin, pono ia e nānā i nā hana o nā kuli, ka vestibular a me nā mea kōkua lohe.
Pono e kiaʻi mau i ka pae o ka pāhare paʻakai, magnesium a me ke kōpaʻa i ke koko.
No nā mea maʻi me ka maikaʻi ʻole, pono i kahi kākāka hana kuhi.
ʻO ka mea maʻi e loaʻa ana i kahi maʻi aʻi ʻole paha e pili ana i ka urinary system (ma ka hana o ka exacerbation) pono e hoʻohana i ka wai hou i ka wā e mālama ai me Gentamicin.
ʻAʻole paʻa loa ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wai waiʻona a me nā mea inu wai i loko o ka wā e mālama ai me Gentamicin.
No ka mea ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i loko o ka pīpī, hoʻāhu, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kikowaena ʻike, pono ia e haʻalele i nā kaʻa hoʻokō no ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana.

ʻAʻole paʻa loa ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wai waiʻona a me nā mea inu wai i loko o ka wā e mālama ai me Gentamicin.
I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me Gentamicin, pono ia e kiaʻi mau i ka pae o ka paʻakai, magnesium a me ka calcium ma ke koko.
No ka mea pono ka lāʻau i ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, pono e haʻalele i nā kaʻa kaʻa no ka lōʻihi o ke mālama ʻana.
ʻO ka mea maʻi e loaʻa ana i kahi maʻi aʻi ʻole paha e pili ana i ka urinary system (ma ka hana o ka exacerbation) pono e hoʻohana i ka wai hou i ka wā e mālama ai me Gentamicin.

Hoʻohana i ka wā kahiko

Pono e hoʻohana ʻoluʻolu ʻia e Gentamicin i nā maʻi maʻi ʻelemakule. Ke loaʻa nei ka lāʻau i ka hopena kaumaha ma ka auditory a me ka vestibular apparatus, hana ʻana i nā keiki, a me nā lunakahiko, nā ʻōnaehana, i kēia mau hoʻololi, e like me nā loli o ka makahiki, i ka nui o nā hihia ua hana mua me nā pilikia ʻole. Inā hoʻoholo ʻia e kuhikuhi i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau, a laila i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana a no kekahi manawa ma hope o kona hōʻea ʻana, pono ke kiaʻi i ka mea maʻi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me ka loiloi a ʻike ʻia e ka ʻomaʻomaʻomaʻo.

Koho ʻana i ka Pūnaewele Hoʻolaha ʻO Gentamicin Sulfate i nā Keiki

No nā keiki ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomalu, ke kuhikuhi nei ʻo Intramuscular i ka lāʻau i loko o nā hihia wale nō. Hoʻololi ʻia ka wai hoʻokahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka makahiki a me ke kaupaona o ke keiki: no nā keiki i 6 a hiki i ka 14 makahiki - 3 mg / kg, mai 1 a 6 - 1.5 mg / kg, emi mai ka 1 makahiki - 1.5-2 mg / kg. ʻO ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe loa no kēlā me kēia lā no nā maʻi āpau ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki ʻaʻole pono e hoʻonui i ka 5 mg / kg. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā manawa 2-3 i ka lā no 7-10 lā.

Ke mālama nei i ka maʻi ʻili a i ʻole nā maka me ka aerosol, aila, a i ʻole ka emi o nā maka i hōʻemi ʻia a hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia i nā mea maʻi ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. ʻO nā regimens Therapeutic e like like me ka pākeke. ʻAʻole pono ka dosis o ka lā o ka poni ma mua o 60 mg.

Hoʻohana i ka wā hāpai a me ka lactation

E hele maikaʻi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka plasenta a i loko o ka waiū waiu, no laila ua pāpā ʻia ka intake antibiotic no ka wahine hāpai a me ka lactating. I hoʻokahi manawa i loko o ke kino o ke keiki, hōʻino ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka ʻeha gastrointestinal a hiki i nā hōʻailona o ka ototoxicity. ʻO kahi meaʻokoʻa loa ke kūlana i hiki i ka hopena no ka makuahine ke hoʻonui aku i ka hana ʻino i ke keiki.

Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ka lāʻau i ka plasenta, no laila, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia nā wahine hāpai e lawe i ka antibiotic.
Lā maʻalahi ka lāʻau i loko o ka waiū umauma, no laila ua pāpā ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka antibiotic i nā wahine e hoʻoulu nei.
No nā keiki ma lalo o 14 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomalu, ke kuhikuhi nei ʻo Intramuscular i ka lāʻau i loko o nā hihia wale nō.

ʻO ka papa inoa o ka Sulfate Gentamicin

Hiki ke hoʻopiʻi wale ʻia kahi hopena overdose e nā ʻōkuhi gentamicin. Hoʻokomo ʻaila, ua hāʻule nā maka a me nā aerosol i kahi hopena like. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻano hōʻailona o kahi overdose:

ninaki a me ka luaʻi
ʻeha a me ke poʻo
ʻili ʻia ka ʻili, ʻili,
fiva
hikiuli ʻole ke kuli
ka haʻalele ʻana o nā hana o ka ʻae apiha vestibular,
pilikia kūlohelohe
ka haʻalele ʻana o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka urine,
ʻO ka edema ʻo Quincke (kahi liʻiliʻi).

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka regimen mālama i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka holoi ʻana i ke koko me ka hemodialysis a i ʻole dialysis.

Hoʻopili pū me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe

He kūlike kūpono me ka gentamicin e:

ʻAmenekinlein
Heparin
Nā antibiotika lactam beta.

Hoʻohui me ka Gentamicin me ka acid ethacrylic a me ka furosemide ka hopena maikaʻiʻole i ke aʻalopona a me ke kōkua pepeiao.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hopu ʻana i ka hanu a me ka poloka hoonee hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o Gentamicin me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me:

ʻAʻole ia e kauoha ʻia e hoʻohui i ka Gentamicin me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki mai ana.

Viomycin,
Vancomycin
Tobramycin,
Pauwaukee,
Hoopaaihua,
Amikacin
Kanamycin,
Cephaloridin.

ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i hoʻohui i ka Gentamicin me Vancomycin.
ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i hoʻohui i ka Gentamicin me Amikacin.
ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i hoʻohui i ka Gentamicin me Streptomycin.
ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i hoʻohui i ka Gentamicin me Kanamycin.
ʻAʻole ia e hāʻawi i hoʻohui i ka Gentamicin me Tobramycin.

Nā ʻano o ka hoʻonāuki ʻana ma ka ʻano:

Gentamicin Sandoz (Polani, Slovenia),
Malikin-K (Slovenia),
Gentamicin-Health (Ukraine).

ʻO nā kūmole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka maka:

Polenekia (Belarus),
Dexon (India),
Dexamethasons (Rūsia, Slovenia, Finlandia, Romania, Ukraine).

Nā ʻano o ka ʻoni a Gentamicin:

Kaumaka (India),
Garamycin (Belgia),
Celestroderm (Belekia, Lūkia).

Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Dex-Gentamicin i nā ʻōlelo Dexamethasone e kuhikuhi iā Candiderm i nā ʻōlelo aʻo Celestoderm-B

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano a me ka ʻano

Ka ʻano wai ʻana no ka sulfate Gentamicin - inikini: kaomi, me kahi ʻāpana melemele a me ʻole nā kala i 2 ml mau kīmato, i loko o kahi pahu wai o 5 a 10 paha mau pahu a i loko o kahi pahu pahu pahū 1 ka pā o 10 ampoules a 2 mau ʻeke paha o 5 ampoules (hilinaʻi ʻia mai ka mea hana).

Ke kūmole o 1 ml o ka hoʻonā:

mea hoʻonaʻauao: gentamicin (i ke ʻano o ka gentamicin sulfate) - 40 mg,
nā mea waiwai (hilinaʻi aku i ka mea hana): sodium metabisulfite, disodium paʻakai o ka ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ka wai no ka inikini, a i ʻole sodium o ka sodium sulfite a me ka wai no ka ʻaina.

Ke waiho nei i nā kūlana no ka lāʻau lapaʻau

Pono e mālama i nā lāʻau ma waho o ka hiki ʻole o nā keiki. ʻO ka ea ʻana o ka mālama ʻana no ka hoʻonā ʻomaʻi a me nā maka o ka maka he + 15 ... + 25 ° С, no aerosol a me ka ʻaila - + 8 ... + 15 ° С.

Pono e mālama i nā lāʻau ma waho o ka hiki ʻole o nā keiki.

Pākuʻi helu

ʻOka hoʻonā no ka huakaʻi 4%, 2 ml

Loaʻa i ka 2 ml o ka hoʻonā

mea waiwai - gentamicin sulfate (ma nā ʻōlelo o

ʻulaʻula) - 80.0 mg,

nā mea hoʻowalewale: sodium metabisulfite, disodium edetate, wai no ke aloha ʻana.

Hōʻailona, nā kala ʻole a ʻulaʻula paha

Nā Hōʻikeʻike Mali ma Sulfate

ʻO Maria, 25 makahiki, ʻo Voronezh: "Ma kekahi mau pule i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokomo kekahi mea i loko o ka maka. Ua ʻā ke alo o kahi maka i ka lā, ua ʻūloʻi (kokoke i pani ʻia) a loaʻa ke ʻano maʻi. nā lā a pau, a ma ka lā 3 - ua hala nā hōʻailona i koe, akā ua kāpoki wau i nā lā 7 a pau. "

ʻO Vladimir, 40 makahiki, ʻo Kursk: "Ua puhi hewa wau i koʻu lima ma ka hana. I ke ahiahi hele mai ana he popopo, ma kekahi mau lā ma hope aku ua hoʻomaka ka hōʻeha a ua hōʻeha nui ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo mai lākou iaʻu e lawe i ka Aodolini Gentamicin i loko o ka hale kalepa a mālama ia e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻo, uhi ʻia me ka bandage mai luna. ua oki ka hope a hoʻomaka ke ho'ōla. "

Andrei, 38 makahiki, Moscow: "Ua loaʻa iaʻu ka maʻi pneumonia i ka makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole wau i hoʻomaka koke i ka mālama ʻana, no laila ua hele au i ka haukapila ua paʻakikī ʻia ke maʻi e ka maʻi maʻi a me ka maʻi paʻihi. Ua ʻōlelo pololei ʻia ʻo Gentamicin.

Hōʻailona a me ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o ka lāʻau

Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano o kahi hopena no 4% no ka hoʻonā a me ka hāʻule o nā maka. ʻO ka mea nui i ka hoʻopili o ka lāʻau, he gentamicin sulfate i kahi maʻa o 4 mg no ka milliliter. ʻO ia no ka hui o aminoglycosides a ua manaʻo ʻia he palahalaha ākea ākea.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā hana hoʻomanawanui a me nā hana i loko o ke kino e hoʻoulu ʻia e nā microorganism-sensitive microorganisms. No ka makua makua:

pūnana cystitis
huehue ʻo cholecystitis
lesi maʻemaʻe,
ka wela o nā ʻāpana like ʻole,
pirelonephritis,
pūnana cystitis
nā maʻi o nā pūpū a me nā iwi o kahi ʻano maʻi,
sepsis
peritonitis
wahi maʻi pneumonia.

Ke noi ʻia waho.

huhula,
folliculitis
seborrheic dermatitis,
nā maʻi kuni
nā ʻōpū o nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole,
hoʻomoʻi kino.

huakai
lolipuhoi
dacryocystitis
konohiki
keratitis.

Me kēlā me kēia mau alahele, ua hoʻohana ʻia "Gentamicin sulfate". Kahi ʻōlelo no ka hoʻohana ʻana, aia i ka waena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

hypersensitivity a me nā antibiotika,
ka maʻi kaumaha o nā aʻalā a me nā puʻuwai,
kue i ka nerve auditory,
hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻōpū,
hana waiū.

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ka antibiotic Gentamicin Sulfate i nā ampoules no ka uremia.

Ke kuhikuhi ʻia nei ka lāʻau kū hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia maʻi. Pākaʻi ʻia ka dosis ma ka paʻakikī o ke kaʻina a me ke hypersensitivity i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Mai ka 1 a me 1.7 mg no ka paona o ke kino paona e mālama ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o kahi vein a i ʻole intramuscularly. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua a ʻehā mau manawa i ka lā. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea hou aku ka nui o ka lā ma mua o 5 mg. ʻO ka papa aʻo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau he 1.5 mau pule.

No ka hoʻohana ʻana i topical, e hoʻoheheʻe i nā maka 1 i ka wai i kēlā me kēia mau hola ʻelua. No ka hoʻohana waho, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka waiwai a ʻekolu mau manawa i ka lā. No nā poʻe me ka hana renal impaired, hilinaʻi ʻia i ke kiʻi kauka, kahi hoʻoponopono o ka lāʻau "Gentamicin Sulfate" e hana ana. E hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā maka i loko o ke ʻeke o ka kouluhulu o ka maka maʻi.

Hoʻohui a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe

ʻAʻole kōkua ʻia ke kāpili ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki mai ana:

Vancomycin
Cephalosporin
"Kaomi" Ethacrylic ",
Nā Indomethacin
aniani,
analgesics
nā diuretics loop.

Ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka maʻi, pono e noʻonoʻo pono i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā lāʻau'ē aʻe a me nā hua o ka antibiotic Gentamicin Sulfate.

ninini
utuka
hoʻonui i ka bilirubin i ke koko,
anemia
thrombocytopenia
leukemia
migraine
āhāhuʻe
proteinuria
nā pilikia o ka vestibular apparatus.

Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā pane kūlohelohe "Gentamicin sulfate." ʻO nā puna a me nā hoʻonāukiuki i nā hihia hōʻino hiki ke alakaʻi i ka edema a Quincke a i ʻole he anaphylactic shock, i hoʻopuni ʻia me nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi. Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi antibiotik, pono ia e mālama i nā hana o nā pēpē, auditory a me ka vestibular apparatus.

"Gentamicin sulfate" - kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no nā holoholona

Hiki i nā pale ke maʻalahi i nā maʻi maʻi bacterial. No ka mālamaʻana i kahi holoholona maʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hui kūikawā o nā antibiotika. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau kanu ka Gentamicin Sulfate. ʻO ia ka pūʻulu o ka aminoglycosides a he hui pūpū o gentamicins C1, C2 a me C1a. Kūkulu ka wai o ka lāʻau i ka gentamicin i loko o kahi pānaʻi o 40 a me 50 mg i hoʻokahi milliliter o ka hoʻonā. Mālama ʻia ka huahana i kahi mahana ʻaʻole keu 25 mau kiʻekiʻe, ma kahi maloʻo hiki ʻole ai i nā keiki. ʻElua mau makahiki - ke ola o ka noho o ka lāʻau "gentamicin sulfate." ʻO nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona e haʻi ʻoe i ka kikoʻī e pili ana i nā mea hōʻike a me ka nui o ka lāʻau.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka laulā ākea o nā hopena a he hana kūʻē i nā microorganisms gram-maikaʻi a me ka gram-negatif. Ma hope o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, komo ia i loko o nā āpau a me nā ʻōnaehana i kahi manawa pōkole. Ma hope o hoʻokahi hola, ua nānā ʻia kāna mau hana ʻoi loa a mau nō nā hola 8. Hoʻokuʻu nui ʻia ia ma ka urine a ma kahi moʻo liʻiliʻi me nā moena holoholona.

No ka mālama ʻana i nā lio, mālama ʻia kahi lāʻau maʻi intramuscularly ma kahi pālahalaha o 2.5 mg pākeke o ke paona. ʻO ka lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka lāʻau mai ka 3 a i 5 lā. No nā holoholona, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau ma ka nui o 3 mg no ka kilokilo o ke kino kino no 5 mau lā. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka Dosis 8 mg i ke kilokilo o ke paona.

Hoʻomohala ʻia ka mea hoʻonā i nā puaʻa intramuscularly ma ke kumu o 4 mg no 1 kilona o ke kaupaona. ʻAʻole pono nā lōʻihi o ka mālamaʻana i nā lā ʻekolu. Hoʻohana waha ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kahi o 4 mg no ka kilekino o ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino no 5 mau lā. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki intramuscularly 2.5 mg o ka hoʻonā paona no ka kilogram o ke paona. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻehiku mau lā.

I ka wa e hoʻohana ai i loko, ʻaʻole pono ka lāʻau i loko o ka ʻōpū, akā ma hope o 12 mau hola i loko o ka ʻōpū. Hiki wale i ka mea manuahi ke hoʻohana i ka antibiotic Gentamicin Sulfate intramuscularly. ʻO nā ʻōlelo a nā holoholona e wehewehe pehea e hoʻokō ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka hua'ōlelo "Gentamicin"

Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā antibiotika mai ka hui o aminoglycosides, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi he nui. Aia nā hopena i ka hopena o ke kino:

bactericidal
anti-inflammatory
he hana kiʻekiʻe e kū'ē ai i nā bacteria-maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa gram.

Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke ʻano o ka hopena. Ma hope o ka hoʻomehana intramuscular, lawe koke ʻia ka lāʻau i nā loko o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka bioavailability kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e nānā ʻia ma hope o ka hapalua hola. ʻO ka hapalua o ka lāʻau ma hope o 3 mau hola a hoʻonui i loko o ka pāʻai. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma o ka plasenta, no laila, ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia e kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau "Gentamicin" a me kāna analogue "Gentamicin sulfate" i ka wā hāpai. ʻO nā ʻōlelo e hoʻohana ai i kēia kālā ke loaʻa i ka ʻike a me ka wehewehe ʻana o nā antibiotics.

Nā hōʻailona a me nā contraindications

ʻO ka Therapy o nā maʻi ʻeha a me nā ʻehaʻeha i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā microorganism i pili i ka hana ikaika e hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana Gentamicin. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana makua ʻana, waho a me ke kūloko.

hopohope o ka hui aminoglycoside,
hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻōpū,
lactation
pilikia hōʻeha loa,

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kaʻina hana e mālama ai, pono e nānā pono i nā contraindications āpau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibiotics Gentamicin a me Gentamicin Sulfate.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau lāʻau pākahi, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka lāʻau i ka nui o ka maʻi. No ka hoʻokele intramuscular a intravenous, helu ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka pākaupau o 1 i ka 1.7 mg i pākeke o ke kino o ke kino i ka manawa. Hoʻouna ʻia ka lāʻau ma ʻelua a ʻekolu paha i ka lā. ʻO ka uku no ka lā maʻamau no kahi pākeke ʻaʻole pono eʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mg / kg, a no nā keiki - 3 mg pākahi paona. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no 7 lā. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pani maka i ʻekolu mau manawa i kahi lā a hoʻokomo ʻia i kahi hāʻule i hoʻokahi maka i ka maka i ʻike ʻia. ʻO waho, ke noi ʻia kahi lāʻau maʻi ʻehā i kēlā me kēia lā. I nā māla renal nui, hoʻonā ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau, a hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka dosage. No nā keiki, ka hilinaʻi o kēlā me kēia lā i ka makahiki a me ke ʻano o ke kino.

Hoʻohui nūhou

ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Gentamicin no ka hoʻohana ʻana me ka hui pū ʻana me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki mai ana:

Vancomycin
Cephalosporin
"Kaomi" Ethacrylic ",
Nā Indomethacin
analgesics
lāʻau lapaʻau no ka anesthesia,
hoʻoiho.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau "Gentamicin" a me ka hoʻoponopono "Gentamicin sulfate 4%" ka mea like a me ka hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana. Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā lāʻau ʻelua a me nā waiwai anti-inflammatory.

ʻO ka hua'ōlelo "Gentamicin-Ferein"

Aia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hui o aminoglycosides a hoʻohana nui ʻia e mālama i nā kino a me nā ʻōnaehana. Ua hoʻonui nui ia i ka hana i nā pepekere anaerobic gram-maikaʻi a me ka gram. Loaʻa ia he hopena bactericidal. Ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka antibiotika i ka intramuscularly a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā kino āpau a me nā kiko o ke kino.

ʻO ka pāʻina o ka lāʻau "Gentamicin-Ferein"

No nā poʻeʻelemakule, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka nui o ka manawa ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 5 mg no hoʻokahi kilokina o ke kino kino i kēlā me kēia lā. I hoʻokahi kuhikuhi, ʻo ka huʻu mai 1 ka 1.7 mg no 1 paona o ka paona maʻi. Kahi ka papa o ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o ka maʻa o ke kaʻina a a i waena mai 7 a 10. Loaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua a ʻekolu paha i ka lā

No nā keiki, ʻo ka dosage ka 3 mg pākeleka o ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino ma kēlā me kēia hoʻokele. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua i ka lā hoʻokahi. No nā mea maʻi me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hana ʻana, e hoʻoponopono mau ʻia ka nui o ke ʻano o ka lāʻau a ke hilinaʻi nei i nā mea hōʻike.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā maka i kēlā me kēia 4 hola a hoʻomaka ʻia i loko o ka maka i paʻi ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka manawa. I waho aʻe, ke kuhikuhi ʻia nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻekolu a ʻehā paha i ka lā.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao:

ninini
utuka
mahuahua bilirubin,
anemia
leukopenia
hiamoe
migraine
nā uluna o ka vestibular apparatus,
kuli
kūloko maʻi, a hiki i ka edema Quincke.

Hiki i nā hopena like ke hopena i ka "Gentamicin Sulfate 4%" i ka wā e mālama ai i nā hōʻeha a me nā hanana maʻi ma ke kino.

ʻO nā loiloi huahana e pili ana i ka sulfamic gentate

ʻAʻole nā lāʻau lāʻau i ka hanauna hou o ka antibiotika, akā hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia i ko mākou manawa e mālama ai i nā maʻi mikrobial. No laila, loaʻa i ka mākeke lāʻau i nā huahana he nui e pili ana i ka gentamicin. ʻAʻole kēia wale no kahi hopena no ka hōʻomaʻomaʻo, akā nā ʻūmole, ka ʻaila hoʻi, ka hāʻule ʻana o ka maka. Hoʻokomo ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka ʻike kikoʻī e hoʻopili i nā pūpū o nā pathogen. Hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hana i ka ʻāhae o ke kino i ka manawa pōkole a hoʻomaka i kāna hopena antibacterial.

I ka nui o nā manawa, ʻoluʻolu ke ahonui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, akā no ka mea e hōʻeha ʻia i kahi maʻi maʻi. Eia kekahi, loaʻa kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka hānau ʻana. Aia kahi pa‘ina kau palena helu kūikawā no kēia. Hoʻohana nui kēia antibiotic i ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau. Kōkua ia i nā holoholona i ka wehe ʻana i ka maʻi a hoʻonā pono i ka hana o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻili.

I kekahi manawa hiki ke lapaʻau ʻia "Gentamicin" hiki ke alakaʻi i ka lohi ʻana, a ʻo ia nō ka drawback nui. Ke noi nei i nā loiloi a pau, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā kauka, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ikaika o kēia antibiotic. He hana koʻikoʻi nui e kū'ē i nā meaola gram-maikaʻi a me nā gram-negative anaerobic. Hoʻolālā ʻia nō hoʻi i ka paʻakikī no ka mālama ʻana i ka pneumonia a me ka meningitis. Pono e nānā pono i ka dosis o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pale i nā hopena pili. Wahi a nā loea he nui, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau "Gentamicin sulfate" he mea make. Hiki i kona hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka hana o nā ʻōnaehana kino āpau. ʻAʻole pono ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea maʻi Antibacterial me ke kūkākūkā ʻana me kahi loea.

Pharmacological waiwai o ka lāʻau Gentamicin sulfate

Lapaʻau lāʻau ʻO ka Gentamicin kahi lōkika ākea ākea ākea o ka hui aminoglycoside. Hoʻopili ka hana me ka hana o ke kaohi ʻana i nā subunits 30S ribosomal. Hoʻopau .n vitro hōʻoia i kāna hana me ka mahalo i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka micro-positive a me ka gram-negative microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Proteus spp. (indole maikaʻi a indole negative), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. a Staphylococcus spp. ^ E Ha yM. (komo pū me ka penicillin a me methicillin kūmau).
ʻO nā microorganism e like me ka pale ʻana i ka gentamicin: ʻO ka maʻi pīkoi streptococcus, ʻo nā mea ʻokoʻa loa o ka streptococci, enterococci, Menissitides Neisseria, Treponema pallidum a hiki i nā microorganism microorganism e like me ʻO nā Bacteroides spp. ^ E Ha yM. a i ʻole Clostridium spp.
Lapaʻau lāʻau. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaʻaleʻa koke ʻia ʻo Gentamicin, e hōʻea i ka pae ʻana o ka plasma kiʻekiʻe 30-60 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻokele ʻana o i / m.
Hoʻomau ka paʻa koko koko no nā hola 6-8.
Me ka drip iv, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana o ka antibiot i ka plasma koko i loko o nā hola mua i ʻoi aku i ke kūkaʻi i loaʻa ma hope o ka hoʻokele IM o ka lāʻau. ʻO ka pilina loa i ka protein plasma he 0-10%.
I nā kikowaena therapeutic, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ma ka puna o ka pūpū, nā māmā, i nā exudates pleural a me peritoneal. ʻO ka maʻamau, me ka hoʻokele makua, ua ʻoki pono ʻole ka gentamicin ma o ka BBB, akā me ka meningitis, piʻi aʻe ka manaʻo ma ka CSF. Ke hoʻokomo nei ka lāʻau i ka waiū umauma.
Ma kahi o 70% o gentamicin i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka urine i ka lā ma o ka glomerular filtration. ʻO ka hapalua-ola mai ke kōmela koko e like me nā hola 2. Ma ka hihia o ka hana i hoʻopalapula ai i ka hana excretory renal, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka neʻe a hoʻonui i ka hapalua o ka ola o ka gentamyin.

Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka lāʻau Gentamicin sulfate

Hāʻawi ʻia i nā palena o ka pānaʻi o ka therapeutic o ka gentamicin, pono e hoʻohana ʻia i nā hihia i kūʻē ʻia ai nā microorganism i nā antibiotika ʻē aʻe. Ka hoʻohuihui ʻia ʻo Gentamicin sulfate no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e nā pathogens e pili ana iā ia, me ka:

sepsis
maʻi maʻi maʻi urinary
nā maʻi o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa,
nā maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻili, nā iwi, nā ʻoi palupalu,
nā ʻeha nā huakaʻi,
ʻO nā maʻi infectous CNS (meningitis) i hui pū me nā antibiotika beta-lactam,
ʻōpū o ka pūpū (peritonitis).

ʻO ka hoʻohana nuiʻana i ka lāʻau Gentamicin sulfate

Hiki i ka pelekikena gentamicin hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i IM a i IV.
ʻO ke ʻano, ke ala o ka hoʻokele a me nā kikowaena ma waena o nā dosis i hilinaʻi i ka nui o ka maʻi a me ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi.
Ka hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻana
Nā pākeke. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lāʻau maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā no ka poʻe maʻi me kahi papa haʻahaʻa a paʻakikī i ka hele ʻana o ka infectious i ka 3 mg / kg kaupaona kino kino IM a i ʻole IV i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka 2-3.ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe o kēlā me kēia lā no ka pākeke ʻo 5 mg / kg ka nui o ke kino ma 3-4 injections.
ʻO ka manawa maʻamau o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka lāʻau no nā maʻi āpau he 7-10 lā mau lā.
Inā pono, ma ka hihia o nā hōʻeha paʻakikī a paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke ala o ka lāʻau. I ia mau hihia, ua manaʻo ʻia e nānā pono i nā hana o nā kuhi, ka auditory a me nā mea hana vestibular, ʻoiai ke ʻano ka hopena o ka lāʻau ma hope o kona hoʻohana ma hope o nā lā he 10.
Ka heluʻana i ke kaupaona o ke kino no ia mea e pono ai e kuhikuhi i ka gentamicin.
Hoʻololi ʻia ka makeʻe ma ke kaupaona ʻana o ke kino maoli (BMI) inā ʻaʻole i nui ka paona o ka mea maʻi (ʻo ia hoʻi, he mea hou aku ma mua o 20% o ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino kūpono (BMI). Inā loaʻa ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka mea maʻi, ua kau ʻia ka nui o ke ana ma ke kaupaona kino (DMT) e like me ke ʻano:
DMT = BMI + 0.4 (FMT - BMI).
E na keiki. ^ E Ha yM. No nā keiki ma lalo o nā makahiki he 3, ua hoʻohālikelike wale ʻia ka gentamicin sulfate no nā kumu olakino. ʻO ka laʻana o kēlā me kēia lā: ma nā pēpē a me nā pēpē - 2-5 mg / kg, i nā keiki i makahiki ʻelima mau makahiki - 1.5-3 mg / kg, 6–14 mau makahiki - 3 mg / kg. ʻO ka nui loa o ka lā helu i nā keiki o nā makahiki āpau he 5 mg / kg. Hoʻohanaʻia ka lāʻau ma 2-3 mau lā i ka lā.
I ka hana o ka renal functioning, pono ia e hoʻololi i ka nui o ka nui o ka lāʻau o ka lāʻau no ka mea e hōʻoia ai i ka lawa o ka therapeutic o ka hopena. Pono e kāohi i ka huli ʻana o ka gentamicin i ka serum koko. 30-60 mau minuke ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana iv a i ʻole intramuscular, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lāʻau i loko o ka serum koko e pono 5-10 μg / ml. ʻO ka pākahi pā mua o ka gentamicin no nā poʻe maʻi me ka papa paʻa o ka hiki ʻole o ka hana renal ka 1,1,5 mg / kg kino kino o ke kino, ʻoi aku ka nui hou aʻe a me ka wā ma waena o nā hana i hoʻoholo ʻia ma muli o ka pale ma ka hana ʻana.

Hoʻopuka i waena o nā hana (h)

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi ʻōpio me kahi maʻi maʻi bacterial e pono ai ka dialysis e kuhikuhi ʻia i ka 1-1.5 mg o ka gentamicin i 1 kg o ke kaumaha o ke kino ma ka hopena o kēlā me kēia dialysis.
Me nā dialy peritoneal i nā pākeke, hoʻonui ʻia ka 1 mg o ka gentamicin i ka 2 l hopena o ka dialysis.
Me ka hoʻomalu iv, ʻo ka maʻamau o ka solvent (0.9% hopena o ka sodium klorida a i ʻole 5% hopena o ka glucose) he 50-300 ml no nā pākeke, no nā keiki, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka solvent. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka / i ka infusion he 1-2 mau hola, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka wikiwiki o 60-80 mau hāʻule i 1 min.
ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻouluʻana o ka gentamicin i ka hopena ma mua o 1 mg / ml - 0.1%.
I / i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e lawe ʻia ana no 2-3 mau lā, ma hope o lākou e hoʻololi ai i kahi maʻi / m.

Lapaʻau lāʻau

ʻO ka gentamyin sulfate he hoʻomōmine aminoglycoside me kahi ākea ākea o ka hana. Ma ka komo ʻana i nā huapalapala ma o ka membrane a me nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ribosomé a me nā lipi 30S subunits, hoʻonāukiuki ia i ka hana ʻana o ka protein pathogen. Mālama ka Gentamicin i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi paʻakikī o ke kaila (tRNA transportation acid) a me ka mRNA (matrix ribonucleic acid), no laila, ke heluhelu pono ʻole ʻana i ka helu genetic mai ka mRNA a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā protein ʻaʻole i hana pono.

Hoʻokomo ka antibiotic i nā kikowaena kiʻekiʻe e hoʻemi i ka hana pāpaʻa ʻana i nā membrane plasma i loko o nā pūhaka o nā microorganism, e make ai ko lākou make. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka hopena bactericidal o ka gentamicin.

I nā hoʻokolohua vitro e hōʻoia i ka hana o gentamicin sulfate e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano i like me kā ka micro-kino a me ka gram-positive microorganisms: Proteus spp. (indolegative and indolpositive), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp. (komo pū me ka penicillin- a me ke ʻano o ke kūlohelohe methicillin), Pseudomonas spp. (me Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Serratia spp., Providencia spp., Citrobacter spp., Acinetobacter spp.

ʻO nā microorganism e like me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka gentamicin: Streptococcus pneumoniae, ka nui o nā ʻano ʻēa streptococci, enterococci, Neisseria meningitides, Treponema pallidum a me anaerobic microorganisms e like me Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp., Providencia rettgeri.

ʻO ka hui pū kekahi me ka penicillins (e pili ana i ka benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, carbenicillin), e pili ana i ka pāālau o nā microorganism, ua kū i ke ʻano o Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus durans, kokoke i nā Streptococcus straptococcus) faymalis zymogenes, Streptococcus faecalis liquefaciens), Streptococcus durans, Streptococcus faecium.

Ke lohi nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pale microorganism i ka gentamicin. Ma muli o ke kūpaʻa ʻole ʻana o ka pale kaua, ʻo nā pilikia o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka kanamycin a me ka neomycin hiki ke pale aku i ka gentamicin. ʻAʻole hana ka antibiotic i nā virus, nā fungi, nā protozoa.

Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe intravenous (i / v) a i ʻole ka lau ʻana o intramuscular (i / m), ua hōʻea ke ʻano o ka therapeutic gent gentin i ke koko ma kahi o 0.5-1.5 mau hola a mau loa mai 8 a 12.

Nā hopena hopena o ka lāʻau Gentamicin sulfate

ʻO Totoxicity (hoʻopōʻino i ka VIII o nā nane cranial): hiki i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana i ka mea hana vestibular (me ka ʻaumea simetibia o ka ʻāpana vestibular, hiki i kēia mau pilikia i kekahi mau hihia ke ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā hana mua). ʻO ka pilikia kūpono e hiki ke hoʻomau i kahi papa o ka mālama me ka gentamicin - 2-3 mau pule.
Nā Nephrotoxicity: ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka paʻakikī o ka hōʻeha o ka lolo ma ka nui o kahi pākahi, ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana a me nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino o ka mea maʻi, ka maikaʻi o ka kaohi ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau like nephrotoxic.
Hōʻike ʻia ka pōʻino o ka pūpū e ka proteinuria, azotemia, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi - oliguria, a, ma muli o ke kānāwai, ua hoʻi.
ʻO nā hopena ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ʻole ka: ʻo ka serum transaminases (ALAT, ASAT), bilirubin, reticulocytes, a me ka thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, anemia, hoʻemi i ka calcium sima, ʻeha pīpeku, urticaria, pruritus, ʻomaʻeha, ʻeha, ulama ʻāʻā naʻau.
Kuhi loa, loaʻa nā hopena like ʻole: ka nausea, hoʻonui i ka hoʻōla, ka hoʻoluhi ʻana i ka momona, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka momona, ka katuyoanura, ka edema laryngeal, ka ʻeha hui, ka hypotension arterial a me ka hiamoe, hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i ka hoʻokele neuromuscular a me ke kaumaha o ke ea.
Ma ka pūnaewele o ka hoʻokele i / m ka gentamicin, hiki ke ʻeha ʻia, me ka / i loko o ka hoʻolaha ʻana - ke hoʻomohala ʻana o ka phlebitis a me peripheralitis.

Hoʻohālikelike i nā lāʻau hoʻomehana Gentamicin sulfate

ʻO ka mālama ʻekena ʻana me nā diuretics potent (furosemide, ethacrylic acid) e pono ke pale ʻia, no ka mea, hiki i ka hopena ke hoʻonui i ka hopena ototoxic a me nephrotoxic. Hiki i nā ʻōpū o ka hanu ma muli o ka blockade neuromuscular i nā poʻe maʻi i kuhikuhi i nā manawa hoʻomaha ʻehaʻehā (succinylcholine, tubocurarine, decamethonium), anesthetics, a i ʻole he neʻe neʻe koko nui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi anticoagulant citrate i hōʻike ʻia i ka mōʻaukala. ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā paʻakai kalaiwa a me nā mea hana anticholinesterase hiki ke hoʻopau i nā hopena o ka hana blockade neuromuscular.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana a me / a me ka poina nā mea neʻe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea hoʻohana neuro- a i ʻole a i ʻole nā nephrotoxic e like me cisplatin, cephaloridin, antibiotika aminoglycoside, polymyxin B, colistin, vancomycin e pono e haʻalele ʻia.
Hōʻalo ka nui o ka hana renal i ʻole ka hana me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana me ka gentamicin, indomethacin a me nā NSAIDs, a me ka quinidine, cyclophosphamide, blockers ganglion, verapamil, polyglucin. Hoʻonui ka Gentamicin i ka paʻiʻana o ka digoxin.
Me ka hoʻomohala pinepine ʻana o nā aminoglycosides a me nā penicillins, ke emi nei ka hapalua hapa ola a me kā lākou ʻike i loko o ka serum koko.
Hoʻemi ʻia ka hapalua ola i nā maʻi me nā maʻi hakahaka koʻikoʻi me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana me ka carbenicillin me ka gentamicin.
Ke kāwili ʻana i ka punetēpē o nā antibiotics o ka hui aminoglycoside me antibiotics o ka hui beta-lactam (penicillins, cephalosporins), hiki i ka hoʻohui like ʻole. He ʻōkoʻolua hoʻi ʻo Gentamicin i hoʻohui ʻia me ka amphotericin, heparin.

ʻO ka gentamicin sulfate overdose, nā hōʻailona a me ka mālama

Ma kahi o ka overdose a i ʻole me ka hopena o ka hopena o nā mea maʻi me nā hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha o ka nephrotoxicity a i ototoxicity a me ka neuromuscular blockade me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka hanu, hiki i ka hemodialysis ke hana i ka weheʻana o ka gentamicin mai i ka plasma koko, me ka dialy peritoneal, he nui loa ka helu o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka lāʻau. I nā keiki pēpē, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke hoʻololi ʻana i ke koko.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa.

ʻLoe a me ke kākele

I / m, in / drip 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā.

I kahi hihia o nā maʻi o ka urinary, hoʻokahi pākahi he 0.4 mg / kg, i kēlā me kēia lā - a hiki i ka 1,2 mg / kg.

Me nā lehi sepsis a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, hoʻokahi hapalua ma ka 0.8-1 mg / kg. ʻO ka palapala ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia lā he 2.4-3.2 mg / kg, a me ka lae kūʻai nui no kēlā me kēia lā he 5 mg / kg. ʻO ka papa papa he 7-8 mau lā.

ʻO ka wai lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā no nā keiki a me nā pēpē he 2-5 mg / kg, 1,5 mau makahiki –— 1.5-3 mg / kg, 6,14 makahiki –— 3 mg / kg.

Nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sulfam Gentamicin: ʻano a me ka ʻihi

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka sulfat Gentamicin i loko o / m a i ʻole / i loko.

No ka infusion iv, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau me kahi kūpaʻa (paʻakai ka maikaʻi a i ʻole 5% hopena glucose. No nā pākeke, ʻo ka maʻamau o ka pelu maʻamau he 50-300 ml, no nā keiki he pono ke hoʻemi ʻia ma muli. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻike o ka gentamicin i ka 0.1% (1 mg / ml). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka iv infusion o Gentamicin sulfate he 1-2 mau hola.

ʻO ke alanui o ka hoʻokele a me ka hoʻoponopono o ka dosage o gentamicin sulfate e hilinaʻi ana i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi a me ka nui o ka maʻi. Hoʻomoe ʻia ka make ma ke kaumaha o ka mea maʻi.

Ma muli o ke kahele ʻana o ka male i ka wai extracellular a ʻaʻole i hōʻiliʻili i ka kiko adipose, pono e hoʻemi ʻia kona ʻōpū ma ka maʻi o ka momona. Pono ke kauā o ka ʻawa ma ka FMT (ʻo ke kino maoli ke kaumaha), inā ʻaʻole nui ka mea maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻoi aku ma mua o 20% o BMI (kaupaona maikaʻi o ke kino). Inā ʻoi ka momona ma mua o 20% a i ʻole no ka BMI, ʻo ka hopena no kēia paona kino (DMT) e helu ʻia e ka ʻano: DMT = BMI + 0.4 (FMT - BMI).

Wahi paipai:

no nā pākeke a me nā keiki ma mua o 14 mau makahiki: no ka maʻi hōʻemi a me ka hōʻeha nui, ʻo ka nui maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā o ka male ʻana he 3 mg / kg, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā inikua 2-3. ʻO ka 5 mau loa uʻi i kēlā me kēia lā he 5 mg / kg, hoʻokaʻawale i nā 3-4 inikini,
no na keiki: a hiki i ke 3 mau makahiki ʻoi aku ke ʻano hoʻohuihui ʻia ʻo Gentamicin sulfate no nā kumu olakino. ʻO ka wai lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā no nā pēpē a me nā pēpē he 2-5 mg / kg, no nā keiki mai 1 a 5 mau makahiki ka makahiki - 1.5-3 mg / kg, no nā keiki mai 6 a 14 makahiki mau makahiki - 3 mg / kg. ʻO ka lā palena loa o kēlā me kēia lā no nā keiki o nā makahiki āpau he 5 mg / kg. Hoʻohanaʻia ka lāʻau ma 2-3 mau lā i ka lā. I nā keiki āpau, ke ʻano o ka makahiki, pono ʻia e nānā i ka ʻike o ka gentamicin i ka serum koko i kēlā me kēia lā (1 mau hola ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana, pono paha kahi o 4 μg / ml),
i nā mea maʻi me ka hana renal lēkeʻa: pono ke koho ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻana a no laila e hōʻoia i ka lawa ʻana o ka therapeutic o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka antibiotic. Ma mua a i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā holoʻokoʻa, pono ia e kāohi i ka serum konsentrasi o ka gentamicin. ʻO ka ʻōmai pā mua no nā poʻe maʻi me ka hiki ʻole o ke aʻalolo ʻōpiopio paʻa ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma ka 1-1.5 mg / kg. 30-60 mau minuke ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana i / m, ʻo ke kaohi o ka lāʻau i loko o ka serum koko e pono 5-10 μg / ml. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻoholo ka hopena a me ke kikowaena ma waena o nā inikini pili i ka QC (clearance creatinine).

ʻO ka manawa maʻamau o ka papa o ka hopena me ka Gentamicin sulfate no nā mea maʻi a pau mai 7 a 10 mau lā. Inā pono, ma ka hihia o nā hōʻeha a me ka paʻakikī o nā maʻi maʻi, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka mea ke kū nei ka mea paʻa o ka antibiotika ma hope o 10 mau lā o kona hoʻohana ʻana, e aʻo ʻia e nānā i nā hana o nā kuhi, hana apopo vestibular a hoʻolohe aku me kahi ala lōʻihi o ke ʻano lapaʻau.

Inā pono e hoʻokō i kahi kaʻina o kahi dialysis, ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka papa ʻomaʻi o 1-1.5 mg / kg gentamicin ma ka hope o kēlā me kēia kaʻina.

ʻŌpū a me ka lactation

Hoʻomaʻawale ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wā hāpai, ʻoiai ke hele ʻana ka gentamicin i ka pāpaʻi placental a loaʻa iā ia kahi hopena nephrotoxic i ka pēpē.

He waiwai ka male i ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ka waiū waiū, no laila inā pono e hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka wahine i ka wā o ka lactation, pono ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pale umauma.

Me ka hana pūnāwai paʻa ʻole

I ka poʻe maʻi me ka hana koʻikoʻi maʻi pali a me ka hana me ka uremia a me ka azotemia, a me ka poʻe i nā mea maʻi me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka pale ʻana, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau.

Hoʻokomo ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hopena nephrotoxic i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana me ka hoʻonui i ka gentamicin me ka hana renal impaired. No laila, ma mua a i ka manawa o ka papa o ka lapaʻau, pono ia e nānā i ka nānā ʻana o ka gentamicin i loko o ke koko, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hana o nā kuli.

Pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka gentamicin sulfate i ka hihia o ka renal e like me ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka dosage.

He kumukūʻai palapala Gentamicin i loko o nā lāʻauʻai

ʻO ka kumukūʻai kumukūʻai o Gentamicin sulfate ma kahi o 33 mau rubles no ka pā o 10 mau ampoules.

Hoʻonaʻauao: Rostov State Medical University, kūikawā "General Medicine".

Hōʻike nui ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, i hoʻolako ʻia no ka hana ʻike a ʻaʻole hoʻololi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. Hoʻopilikia ka lāʻau-pono iā ia ke olakino!

Wahi a WHO noiʻi, ʻo ke kūkākūkā o kēlā me kēia hola i kēlā me kēia hola kelepona i hoʻonui ʻia i ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka lolo ma o 40%.

I ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻokuʻu aku i ka mea maʻi i waho, ua holo lōʻihi loa nā kauka. No laila, eia no kekahi, ʻo Charles Jensen kekahi i ka wā mai 1954 a 1994. pakele i ʻoi aku ma kahi o 900 hana neoplasm hana hoʻoiho.

I ka wā hana, hoʻonui ka lolo i ka nui o ka ikehu me ka umauma māmā 10-watt. No laila ʻo ke kiʻi o ka pīpī mālamalama ma luna o kou poʻo i ka manawa o ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi manaʻo kupanaha ʻaʻole loa e mamao loa i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.

Wahi a nā helu helu, ma Lāpule, piʻi ka nui o nā hōʻeha o hope i ka 25%, a me ka hopena o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka puʻuwai - ma ka 33%. E makaʻala.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hoʻi e paʻi ka naʻau o kekahi, a laila hiki ke ola mau nō ia, e like me ka mea lawaiʻa o Norwani Jan Revsdal iā mākou. Ua hoʻokuʻu kona "kaʻa" no 4 mau hola ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o ka lawaiʻa a hiamoe i ka hau.

Hoʻohui i nā poʻe, hoʻokahi wale nō mea ola ma ka honua honua - ʻīlio, i loaʻa ka prostatitis. He mau hoaaloha maoli nō mākou.

I 5% o nā mea maʻi, ʻo ka clomipramine antidepressant e hōʻeha i kahi orgasm.

ʻO ka mea ma mua, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i ke kino me ka oxygen. Akā, ua kolohe ʻole kēia ʻike. Ua hōʻoia nā ʻepekemaʻepekema i ka yawning, hoʻokaʻawale kahi kanaka i ka lolo a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana.

ʻO James Harrison kahi kanaka 74 o kāna makahiki o Australia, ua lilo ia i mea honi koko ma kahi o 1,000 mau manawa. Loaʻa iā ia kekahi ʻano koko nui, nā antibodies o nā mea kōkua i nā pēpē hou me ke anemia koʻikoʻi. No laila, ua mālama ʻo Australia i kahi miliona miliona keiki.

Ke "holo" nei ke koko o ke kanaka ma o nā moku ma lalo o ka pīhoihoi nui, a inā i uaki ʻia kona kūpaʻa, hiki iā ia ke pana a 10 mau mika.

ʻO nā kāmera ʻo nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻamau i ka honua a hiki i ka maʻi ke hiki ʻole ke hoʻokūkū.

Aia nā mea lapaʻau maʻi keu nui loa, e like me ka nānā ʻana o nā mea nānā. Ma ka ʻōpū o kahi mea hoʻomanawanui e loaʻa ana i kēia mania, ua loaʻa nā mea 2500 mau mea ʻē.

Ua hana ʻia nā ʻepekema mai Oxford University i kahi ʻano o nā haʻawina, i ka wā i hele ai lākou i ka hopena o ka vegetarianism hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka lolo o ke kanaka, ʻoiai e hala ana i ka emi ʻana o kāna ʻano. No laila, ʻōlelo ʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka haʻalele ʻole ʻana i ka iʻa a me ka ʻiʻo i kā lākou meaʻai.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo "Terpincode" kekahi o nā alakaʻi i ke kūʻai ʻana, ʻaʻole naʻe ma muli o kāna mau lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa "Viagra" i hana mua ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka hypertension arterial.

ʻO ka hapa ʻole o nā niho a i ʻole hoʻopau paha i ka adentia hiki i ka hopena o nā hōʻeha, nā caries a i ʻole nā maʻiʻeha. Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā niho nalo i nā niho.

Hoʻopili i nā lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻO ka pono o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka blockade neuromuscular a me ka ʻōpū o ka hanu, pono ke mālama ʻia i nā ala āpau o ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka aminoglycosides i nā mea maʻi e loaʻa ana he anesthetics a me nā mea ʻai paha e hōʻeha ai i ka blockom neuromuscular, e like me ka succinylcholine, tubocurarine, decametonium, a me ka mea ma nā mea maʻi e hoʻoiho nui i ka lawe citrate. koko. Ke hele a neuromuscular blockade, mālama ʻia nā paʻakai kalaiwa.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka manawa paha a me ka topical o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana hiki ke hoʻomaka aʻe a me nā lāʻau nephrotoxic, e like me cisplatin, cephaloridin, kanamycin, amikacin, neomycin, polymyxin-B, colistin, paromyomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, vancomycin a viomycin.

Me ka hana like o ka hydrocortisone a me ka indomethacin, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hopena nephrotoxic o ka gentamicin.

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka furosemide a me ka waikawa ethacrylic ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hopena ma ototoxic a me nā nephrotoxic. Eia kekahi, me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ka diuretics, kahi hoʻololi i ka neʻe o ka antibiotic i loko o ka plasma a me nā kao hiki, ke alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hopena o nā pakanika i kumu ʻia e aminoglycosides.

I loko o nā mea maʻi me ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi, ka mea i loaʻa iā carbenicillin a me gentamicin, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hapa o ka hapalua o nā keiki o ka gentamicin mai i ka plasma.

Kūleʻa lāʻau lapaʻau me ka antibiotika beta-lactam, heparins, amphotericin.

E hoʻokuʻu i ke ʻano a me ka pale

E ninini ʻia ka 2 ml i loko o nā ʻiwikā mauʻu pūwaho e hoʻopiha ana i ka aniani o ka pale wai me kahi kikoʻī a i ʻole ke kala paha.

Kuhi ʻia kahi pahu mai ka pepa a i ʻole ka palapala e kākau ʻia i kēlā me kēia ampoule.

ʻO 5 a 10 mau ʻōpili i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi paena wai palupalu i hana ʻia i kahi kāwili ʻia o ka polyvinyl chloride a me ka alumini foil.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā pāluhi polapula me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka'āina a me nā ʻōlelo Lūkini e waiho ʻia ma nā pahu pepa no nā mea kūʻai aku a i ʻole kiki.